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1.
在早春利用水泥池塑料大棚,采取控温控光,充气,移植是、控制水质及合理投饵等强化培育技术,将长江水长中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体培育成“早豆蟹”、使蟹苗当年养成商品蟹,改革河蟹两年养成的传统生产模式。经过两年的研究,在１２８７．２ｍ＾２试验池哄培育出“早豆蟹”１８３万只,平均每平方米７００多只。成活率达６０％,投入产 为１：２．５,经济效益显著。 相似文献
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生活在尖紫蛤外套腔中的隐匿豆蟹的繁殖和生长 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文通过观察生活在尖紫蛤外套胺中的隐匿豆蟹性腺周年发育情况和分析头胸甲宽组成变化,研究隐匿豆蟹的繁殖和世代交替.隐匿豆蟹的繁殖期为3-10月,繁殖盛期在4月下旬至6月上旬和9月下旬至10月上旬两个繁殖高峰.隐匿豆蟹的世代交替是:在繁殖期早出生的个体,至翌年繁殖,形成第一个繁殖高峰.其中部分个体抱卵孵化后,性腺再次成熟和繁殖,这两部分豆蟹在繁殖后的当年死亡.因此这些个体,越过冬季,寿命只有1周年多.而在繁殖期晚出生的个体,翌年只繁殖一次,再过一个冬季,至第3年繁殖期再次繁殖后而死亡.这些个体越过两个冬季,寿命两周年.隐匿豆蟹生长至甲宽3.2mm后,才进入尖紫蛤外套腔中生活,在这以前,隐匿豆蟹营自由生活. 相似文献
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20 0 0年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月 ,对青岛太平角养殖海区的贻贝寄生中华豆蟹的感染情况进行了调查。以肥满指数为指标 ,通过对感染和未感染贻贝的比较 ,分析了中华豆蟹对贻贝的危害程度。结果表明 ,中华豆蟹对贻贝的感染率为 2 .0 %～ 2 0 .4 %。2 0 0 0年 11月和 2 0 0 1年 11月出现 2次感染高峰 ,分别为 9.7%和 2 0 .4 % ;最低感染率出现于 2 0 0 1年 1月和 3月 (均为 2 .0 % )。感染强度为 1～ 5 ,多数为 1(占感染个体的 83.2 % )。贻贝所感染的豆蟹的性别及感染强度与宿主的大小有关。小个体贻贝仅见雄豆蟹感染 ,绝大多数雌豆蟹见于壳长大于 2 cm的贻贝。未发现同一宿主体内同时感染 2只或以上的雌豆蟹。在调查的 15个月中 ,有 11个月被感染贻贝的肥满度显著低于未感染的贻贝 ,且雌豆蟹对宿主肥满度的影响大于雄豆蟹 相似文献
4.
2000年3月30日至5月6日,首次在低洼盐碱地进行了塑料大棚培育五期幼蟹试验。经过37天精心培育,在200m^2的土池中,1．5kg、19．5万只大眼幼体育出五期幼蟹36.7kg、8．81万只,蟹苗增重倍数24．5,成活率45．2％。实验的成功对于洼区解决蟹苗来源、推广河蟹养殖,改善养殖结构,提高经济效益将起到积极作用。 相似文献
5.
微咸水池塘河蟹仔蟹培育试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1998年4-5月在江苏南通微咸水池塘中进行了河蟹仔蟹温棚培育试验。本次试验仔蟹的成活率最高为56．0％,三个试验组仔蟹的平均成活率为35．6％。试验表明,仔蟹培育成活率的提高有赖于池塘水质、水温、透明度、溶解氧、盐度、大眼幼体投放密度及水体天然饵料培育和人工饵料投喂等方面的科学管理和调控,其中大眼幼体投放密度以500-1000／1／米2为宜,盐度以4-7‰为宜,温度以22±2℃为宜。 相似文献
6.
盐渍洼地蟹种培育试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐渍洼地种蟹培育是解决成蟹养殖种苗来源的重要途径，文中介绍的幼蟹放养，饲养管理与水质控制，幼蟹生长率与土增重量的变化，蟹种成活率与回捕率等对蟹种池墉强化培育提供了经验与理论依据。 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)野生和养殖蟹种对池塘养殖成蟹可食率和营养品质的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
长江水系野生中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)蟹种比经过多代人工养殖的池塘群体蟹种具有更好的养殖性能,尚不清楚两种蟹种养成后成蟹的可食率及其营养品质是否存在差异。本研究采用养殖实验和生化分析方法,比较了长江水系野生和养殖蟹种经池塘养成成蟹的可食率、肥满度、常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成。结果显示:(1)在相似的体重条件下,野生群体成蟹的肝胰腺指数极显著高于养殖群体(P0.01),性腺指数显著低于养殖群体(P0.05),两群体间的出肉率、总可食率及肥满度无显著差异(P0.05);(2)两群体成蟹肝胰腺和性腺中的常规营养组成接近,但野生群体雄体肝胰腺和性腺中的碳水化合物含量显著高于养殖群体雄体(P0.05);无论雌体还是雄体,野生群体肌肉中的粗蛋白含量显著低于养殖群体,但野生雄体肌肉中的粗脂肪含量和雌体肌肉中的碳水化合物显著高于后者(P0.05);(3)就野生雌体脂肪酸组成而言,野生群体成蟹肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉中的C18:1n9含量显著高于养殖群体雌体,但其C20:5n3、C22:6n3、ΣPUFA和ΣHUFA显著低于后者;就雄体而言,野生群体成蟹三种可食组织中的C18:2n6高于养殖群体,但其C20:5n3和C20:4n6低于养殖群体;整体上,肌肉中的HUFA含量显著高于肝胰腺和性腺;(4)就氨基酸组成而言,两群体雌体和雄体性腺中的氨基酸含量接近,均无显著差异,仅精巢中组氨酸和精氨酸含量存在显著差异;无论雌体还是雄体,养殖群体肌肉中的主要氨基酸和总氨基酸含量略高于野生群体,仅异亮氨酸和赖氨酸含量差异显著;此外,野生群体雄蟹肌肉中的亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和组氨酸含量也显著高于养殖群体。综上,野生群体和养殖群体蟹种养成后成蟹的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数存在显著差异,但是两者总可食率和肥满度接近,整体上两群体脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,但是氨基酸组成较为接近。 相似文献
10.
中华绒螯蟹仔蟹维生素E营养需求研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以酪蛋白、明胶，糊精和去维生素E的鱼油为原料，配制成等氨等能的半纯化基础饲料，每100g基础饲料中分别添加VE0，10，20，40，60，80mg制成试验饲料，对淡化5d的河蟹大眼幼体和后继仔蟹进行了为期25 d的饲养试验，探讨了VE对大眼幼体和仔蟹生长，存活、蜕皮的影响和适宜需求量，结果表明，每100g饲料中分别添20mgt 40mgVE时，Ⅲ期仔蟹的增重率，存活率和蜕皮频率均较高，分别为436．065，51．17％和2．54和487．61％，61．50％和2．58，而VE缺乏组，同期仔蟹的增重率。存活率和蜕皮频率最低，仅分别是264．94％、26．17％和2．21，但是当每100g饲料中VE的添加量提高到80mg时，仔蟹的上述三项指标，不但没有随之升高，反而明显下降，并与VE缺乏的对照组相接近，表明VE添加过量，也会抑制仔蟹的正常生长，存活和蜕皮。VE对仔蟹的正常生长发育，存活和蜕皮是必需的其适宜添加量为每100g饲料中添加20－40mg. 相似文献
11.
Dong-Chan Oh Mi-Kyung Park Sang-Hwa Choi Dong-Jin Kang Sun Young Park Jeom Shik Hwang Andrey Andreev Gi Hoon Hong Kyung-Ryul Kim 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(2):157-169
During CREAMS expeditions, fCO2 for surface waters was measured continuously along the cruise tracks. The fCO2 in surface waters in summer varied in the range 320–440 μatm, showing moderate supersaturation with respect to atmospheric
CO2. In winter, however, fCO2 showed under-saturation of CO2 in most of the area, while varying in a much wider range from 180 to 520 μatm. Some very high fCO2 values observed in the northern East Sea (Japan Sea) appeared to be associated with the intensive convection system developed
in the area. A gas-exchange model was developed for describing the annual variation of fCO2 and for estimating the annual flux of CO2 at the air-sea interface. The model incorporated annual variations in SST, the thickness of the mixed layer, gas exchange
associated with wind velocity, biological activity and atmospheric concentration of CO2. The model shows that the East Sea releases CO2 into the atmosphere from June to September, and absorbs CO2 during the rest of the year, from October through May. The net annual CO2 flux at the air-sea interface was estimated to be 0.032 (±0.012) Gt-C per year from the atmosphere into the East Sea. Water
column chemistry shows penetration of CO2 into the whole water column, supporting a short turnover time for deep waters in the East Sea.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
CO2 exchange at air-sea interface in the Huanghai Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
INTRODUCTIONTheroleoftheoceaniscrucialintheoverallcycleofCOZ,withitsspecialpumpingmechanismssuchassolubilitypumpingattheair-seainterfacewithcarbonatechemistry,biologicalpumpinginsurfacewatersandalsointhewatercolumn,anddynamicpumpingassociatedwithoceancirculation(BroeckerandPeng,1982).Inordertounderstandthesevariouspumpingprocessesintheocean,muchresearchhasbeencarriedoutonaglobalscaleasapartofeffortstounderstandtheglobalgeochemicalcycleofCOZ.TheHuanghaiSea,atypicalmid-latitudeepicontine… 相似文献
13.
The diurnal vertical migration of planktonic crustaceans may be divided into two types: Type 1, species with marked diurnal vertical migration; Type 2, species without marked diurnal vertical migration. The former may be further grouped into three patterns: Pattern 1, sinking by day and rising by night; Pattern 2, rising by dawn and evening and sinking by day and midnight; Pattern 3, rising by day and sinking by night. The latter may be further grouped into the following three patterns: Pattern 1, surface layer distribution; Pattern 2, bottom layer distribution; Pattern 3, even distribution between the surface and bottom layers. Among these patterns the two most common ones appear to be the sinking by day and rising by night' and the surface layer distribution. Most of the females are no more marked in the diurnal vertical migration than males in the Xiamen Harbour. The diurnal vertical migration of the animal become more and more conspicuous with the increase of the ages and varies markedly with season 相似文献
14.
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport: a mechanism for endocrine disruption in the channel catfish?
P-glycoprotein (pgp), an efflux transporter localized in a variety of tissues including the intestinal mucosa, renal tubules and bile canaliculi, is known to participate in the disposition of a variety of chemicals, including steroid hormones. This study examined the relationship of pgp to the movement into the bile of the hormone estradiol (E2), and the potential for transport interactions between the environmental pollutant nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) and E2. Biliary-cannulated in situ-prepared isolated perfused livers were used to assess pgp transport function. E2, in competitive transport preparations with Rhodamine 123 (Rho123), a pgp substrate, demonstrated significant decreases in Rho123 transport into bile, as did the prototypic inhibitor and substrate verapamil. [3H]E2 (0.28 nM) transport into bile was significantly reduced with either 20 M NPE or verapamil. These results suggest that E2 is a substrate and/or modulator for the catfish biliary pgp transporter, and that NPE potentially influences biliary transport and excretion of E2. 相似文献
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Inorganic carbon forms and their influencing factors, mutual transformation and contribution to carbon cycling in the Jiaozhou Bay sediments were discussed. The results show that inorganic carbon in sediments could be divided into five forms:NaCl form, NH3·H2O form, NaOH form, NH2OH·HCl form and HCl form. Thereinto, NH2OH·HCl form and HCl form account for more than 70% of total inorganic carbon. There was close relationship among every form of inorganic carbon and their correlativity was clearly different with different sedimentary environment except the similar strong positive correlation among NH2OH·HCl form, HCl form and total inorganic carbon in all regions of the Jiaozhou Bay. All forms of inorganic carbon were influenced by organic carbon, pH, Eh, Es, nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments, but their influence had different characteristics in different regions. Every form of inorganic carbon transformed into each other continuously during early diagenesis of sediments and the common phenomenon was that NaCl form, NH3·H2O form, NaOH form and NH2OH·HCl form might transform into steady HCl form. NaCl form, NH3·H2O form, NaOH form and NH2OH·HCl form could participate in carbon recycle and they are potential carbon source; HCl form may be buried for a long time in sediments, and it may be one of the final resting places of atmospheric CO2. Inorganic carbon which entered into sediments was about 4.98×1010 g in the Jiaozhou Bay every year, in which about 1.47×1010 g of inorganic carbon might be buried for a long time and about 3.51×1010 g of inorganic carbon might return into seawater and take part in carbon recycling. 相似文献
16.
垂直分辨率对长江口海域M2分潮模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于EFDC(Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code)模式建立了长江口及其邻近海域的三维水动力学模型, 研究模型的垂直分辨率对该海域M2分潮模拟的影响。结果表明:垂直分辨率的变化对M2分潮传播方向的模拟结果影响较小, 但其可通过底摩擦和湍流耗散两个计算过程来影响潮能通量的模拟结果, 最终对长江口和杭州湾内的M2分潮振幅产生显著的影响。最底层厚度较大时, 上层自由水体的高流速特征在最底层过于明显, 进而导致计算的底摩擦应力偏高, 此时提高底层的垂直分辨率会降低底摩擦对能量的耗散。另一方面, 垂直湍流混合作用会随垂直分辨率的增加而增强, 所以垂直分辨率增加到一定程度后, 上层自由水体的高流速会经由增强的湍流混合而更多的传入底层, 使计算的底摩擦应力随垂直分辨率的提高而有重新增加的趋势, 进而又增强底摩擦对潮能的耗散。 相似文献
17.
Interactions of Mesoscale Eddy and Western Boundary Current: A Reduced-Gravity Numerical Model Study
A reduced-gravity primitive equation eddy resolving model is used to study the interaction of a typhoon-induced eddy and a wind-driven general circulation. A typhoon-induced eddy is characterized by a core with a relative vorticity of the same order as the local Coriolis parameter. This eddy is neutrally stable relative to a disturbance induced by the westward advection of the eddy, due to the planetary β-effect. Hence, its evolution in the open ocean is similar to the classical frontal geostrophic eddy. Within the western boundary flow regime, the eddy is entrained northward by the mean circulation. This northward eddy advection and the mean-vorticity advection due to eddy flow induce another disturbance with a north-south asymmetry into the circular eddy. Together with the zonal asymmetric disturbance, associated with the planetary β-effect, the original circular eddy becomes unstable. The nonlinear eddy-flow interactions in the eastern flank of a western boundary current causes the eddy to deform quickly into an ellipse and lose its waters and energy into the mean circulation. 相似文献
18.
南沙群岛海区毛颚动物的昼夜垂直移动 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
对1997年11月和1999年4月、7月在南沙群岛海区3个昼夜连续测站采集的毛颚动物样品进行了研究。结果表明，这些水域的毛颚动物的昼夜垂直移动可以划分为3个类型：种类作显著移动，不作显著移动和仅在夜晚移动。作为昼夜垂直移动显著的种类，又可以把它们划分为：（1）种类在整个水柱移动；（2）种类在上层（0－60m）移动；（3）种类在中层（60－100m）移动。作为昼夜垂直移动不明显的种类，又可以把它们分为：（1）种类分布在于上层（0－60m）。（2）种类分布于底层（100－200m）。种类在白天下降或附着在海底物体上，仅在夜晚移动。光照，水温，食物和种类特征是影响本水域毛颚动物昼夜垂直移动的重要因素。 相似文献
19.
Fumihiro Koga 《Journal of Oceanography》1970,26(1):11-21
This species is the neritic animal in warm waters, especially a large number of the species appear in the tide pool in spring to summer season. The species has the adaptability to the environment, namely, the species is eurythermal and euryhaline organism. Each nauplius stage ofT. japonicus changed into the next stage in 18 to 20 hours. After hatching the nauplius developed into the copepodite stage in 3 to 5 days. The nauplius is disk-shaped in outline. A small antennule is 3-segmented. The antenna and mandible are the assistant oral organs for foods rather than swimming ones. On the antenna the coxa has the process with the strong cutting edge, the basipodite is extremely small, the long endopodite has a hook and a seta ventrally, and a hook, a seta and a spine terminally, and the long exopodite has the setae of which the number was changed according to the stage. On the mandible the coxa with a seta is a bulge. The endopodite is a small mound, on this mound there are a strong hook and a few setae which were changed according to the stage. The exopodite has a ventral seta and a small and a long thick terminal setae. The caudal appendages are rudimentary. The maxillule first appears as a seta on the 2nd stage. On the copedite stage ofT. japonicus the segment of body is short. The cephalothoracic segments are indistinguishable from the abdominal segments. It is the character of Harpacticoida that the antennules are small. On this copedodite there are 6 stages as in the nauplius, but the last stage is the adult stage. The 1st and the 2nd stages changed into the next stage in 18 to 20 hours as in the nauplius. The 3rd to the 5th stages changed into the next stage within 1 day. After hatching the nauplius developed into the adult by 10 days. The period of each stage fluctuates according to the amount of foods which were supplied to the animal. On the starved condition the development of this animal does not occur by any means. The most of male have mated with the adult female, but some of them mated with the earlier stage, especially the 2nd copepodite stage female. The female which developed into the adult produced the first brood in a few minutes to 3 days. A period of the adult stage is assumed 1 to 2 months. A female produced 5～10 broods. After hatching of the brood the next brood was bred in a few minutes to 1 day. The female which was 0.9 mm in the mean length produced 30 eggs per a brood. 相似文献
20.
HY-2卫星高度计波高资料在集合最优插值同化中的应用研究——以台风“Lipee”为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
基于海浪模式SWAN（Simulating Waves Nearshore）,以台风“Lipee”为例,开展了集合最优插值（EnOI）同化HY-2卫星高度计有效波高（SWH）资料的台风浪数值预报影响研究。结果表明,利用HY-2卫星高度计波高资料结合EnOI方法进行同化,可有效改善海浪初始场质量,同化对绝对误差的改进可达15%,均方根误差改进14%。同化对预报误差、均方根误差都有一定程度的改进,其中在0~24 h预报时效内的改进最为明显,绝对误差可改进12%,均方根误差改进13%。研究结果不仅可为海洋预报、同化提供参考,而且可为进一步加强HY-2卫星高度计资料的应用提供技术支持。 相似文献