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紫菜叶状体无性繁殖的多样性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
紫菜属(Porphyra)的许多种类中 ,叶状体以单孢子形式进行无性繁殖,被放散出来的单孢子进行两极萌发 ,形成新的叶状体。红藻中较低级的类群,如弯枝藻目 (Compsopogonales)、红毛菜目 (Bangiales)、顶丝藻目 (Acrochaetiales)和海索面目 (Nemaliales)均存在这一繁殖方式[1]。1单孢子的研究1.1单孢子的名称单孢子的形成首先是由形成单孢子囊开始的 ,因为每个孢子囊只产生一个孢子 ,故称之为单孢子(monospore)。Magne建议使用原孢子 (archeospores)代替单孢子[2]。Kornmann将在Porghyraumbilicalis,P.ochotensis,P.perforta,P.insolita中某… 相似文献
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中国红毛菜繁殖方式和染色体研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
于1989－1992年在福建、江苏和青岛沿海采集红毛菜,进行野外观察,并在室内光照强度为70－100μE／（m2·s）的培养架上培养,每两周更换培养液,完成从原叶体到丝状体整个生活周期培养;对福建和江苏红毛菜有性生殖时两性细胞的构造和作用进行观察,并在生活周期的关键阶段用Wittmann方法压片,计数其染色体。结果表明,生长在福建的红毛菜染色体数目为n=6,2n＝12;江苏和青岛的为n=8,说明中国的红毛菜至少有两种;细胞学观察证明,两性细胞已完成受精作用,果孢子是受精后的产物;同时,幼年红毛菜还能放散大量无性孢子,双极萌发成为与亲代相同的植物体,这可使红毛菜在短时期内数量剧增。 相似文献
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根据南方和北方海带夏苗培育采用苗帘苗绳差异,在山东烟台国家级海带良种场海带育苗基地进行两种夏苗培育工艺的实验研究。在同一个育苗车间内,利用种海带采集游孢子并附苗,跟踪观测维尼纶苗帘和棕绳苗帘对海带育苗期间配子体发育、孢子体(幼苗)生长的影响,并比较两种不同苗帘育苗成本差异。结果显示:相同育苗条件下,维尼纶苗帘采苗后,配子体发育速度、孢子体形成速度显著优于棕绳苗帘上的配子体和孢子体;转化孢子体后,在育苗第15~31天时间内,维尼纶苗帘海带幼苗相对生长速率(RGR)显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗(P0.05);维尼纶苗帘幼苗经55天培育,幼苗平均长度长至1.53 cm±0.13 cm,达到出库下海暂养规格,此时棕绳帘幼苗平均长度约0.47 cm±0.03cm。至70天,棕绳苗帘幼苗平均长度约1.78 cm±0.19 cm,维尼纶绳苗帘幼苗平均长度达7.87 cm±1.35cm,显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗。采用维尼纶苗帘育苗,每1m3育苗水体育苗量约为60万株,综合育苗成本约为23元/万株,采用棕绳苗帘育苗,每1m~3育苗水体育苗量约40万株,综合育苗成本约为31元/万株。综上所述,北方采用维尼纶帘进行海带育苗在生产上具有可行性,并且可降低生产成本约25.8%。 相似文献
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紫菜在分类上属红藻门(Rhodophyta)、红藻纲(Phodophyceae)、红毛菜亚纲(Bangiophycidae)、红毛菜目(Bangiales)、红毛菜科(Bangiaceae)、紫菜属(Porphyra),全世界约有134种,广泛生长在全球海岸的潮间带,其栽培生产国主要分布在东南亚地区。中国北起辽宁省,南至海南省都有紫菜的分布,共记载过22个物种或变种,其中主要栽培品种有2个,北方的条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)和南方的坛紫菜(P.haitanensis Chang et Zheng)。 相似文献
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为研究两种经济红藻红毛菜(Bangia fucscopurpurea)和坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)的光合作用和品质差异,选取一株野生型红毛菜CY和一株野生型坛紫菜NSD35作为实验材料,分别测定二者在相同培养条件下的关键光合参数和营养成分指标。结果显示：红毛菜的最大电子传递速率、净光合速率、藻红蛋白含量分别比坛紫菜高29.6%、96.8%、60.5%;必需矿质元素钾、钙、镁、铁、锌的含量分别比坛紫菜高59.5%、39.5%、34.1%、86.2%、68.4%;红毛菜的必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量都高于坛紫菜。此外,二者的呼吸速率、最大光量子产率、叶绿素a、总糖、总蛋白和碘含量没有显著差异。研究结果表明,与坛紫菜NSD35相比,红毛菜CY的光合速率更快,矿质元素积累能力更强,必需氨基酸和风味氨基酸含量更高。研究结果有助于了解红毛菜和坛紫菜的光合作用和品质特点,为开发红毛菜种质资源提供数据参考。 相似文献
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<正>条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)隶属于红藻门(Rhodophyphyta),原红藻纲(Protoflorideophyceae),红毛菜目(Bangiales),红毛菜科(Bangiaceae),紫菜属(Porphyra)。紫菜属的种类分布广泛,目前已报道的种类约有130多种[1]。我国记录定名的紫菜物种或变种有22种[2]。条斑紫菜为北太平洋西部特有的 相似文献
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我国的紫菜生产已有200多年的悠久历史，但是全人工栽培紫菜到本世纪60年代才开始，而条斑紫菜的人工栽培则始于70年代。目前我国条斑紫菜栽培面积最大的是江苏省沿海，该地区滩涂广阔平坦，适合紫菜生长，现在紫菜已成为群众性生产的海产品之一。
条斑紫菜生活史分丝状体和叶状体两个阶段，在这两个阶段中可以产生三种孢子：紫菜叶状体成熟后放散的果孢子，它萌发长成紫菜丝状体；紫菜丝状体成熟后可以放散壳孢子，这种孢子萌发长成紫菜叶状体；紫菜叶状体在生长过程中不断形成、放散单孢子，这种单孢子也长成叶状体(曾呈奎、张德瑞，1954)。
在条斑紫菜栽培中，一般应用紫菜丝状体所放散的壳孢子为苗源，所以对壳孢子苗的生理生态特性已有较深入的了解(中国科学院海洋研究所，1978)。但有关单孢子的生理生态，则未见较系统的报道。
在条斑紫菜的试验和栽培中，早已观察到紫菜叶状体在生长过程中放散单孢子，这些单孢子对增加紫菜苗量起到一定的作用。60年代王素娟等曾利用紫菜这一特性在自然苗网上进行过“母子网”附苗试验，之后崔广法等又用人工苗网进行了“母子网”附苗的生产性试验。这种方法可以增加栽培面积和收获量，但不能全部替代壳孢子苗，还需要培养紫菜丝状体。培育紫菜丝状体所需设备多、时间长，并易发病害，管理技术比较复杂。如果充分利用单孢子作为苗源来取代壳孢子苗，就可简化条斑紫菜的生产过程。为此，作者对条斑紫菜单孢子及其幼苗的生长发育进行了室内、外的培养实验，研究它同环境因子的关系，及其在大面积生产中的应用。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献