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1.
中国海洋科学技术发展70年 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
本文聚焦海洋调查、海洋科学研究和海洋技术与装备3个方面，梳理和总结了新中国成立70年来取得的具有里程碑意义和国内外影响力的海洋科技成果，说明了海洋科技实力的大幅度提升，对于中国经济社会发展以及海洋强国建设起到了关键支撑作用。 相似文献
2.
《Marine Policy》2017
The relatively remote and geographically isolated lower southern Lau islands of Fiji rely on maritime transportation for their economic success and social wellbeing. This paper explores the feasibility of implementing a Material Flow Management (MFM) framework to sustainable shipping and the possibilities for addressing the socio-economic development needs of the relevant island communities. The research question is: how can a regional MFM framework for hybrid powered maritime vessels be implemented effectively to promote ecological quality improvements and local added value for Fiji's lower southern Lau islands? The mixed methods research uses a quasi-experimental design, with most data collected on site during a March 2015 field study of the lower southern Lau route. The findings are applied to a tailor-made MFM framework that demonstrate the viability and effectiveness in achieving seven key aims: (1) activate regional potential; (2) increase system efficiency; (3) decrease operating costs; (4) create stakeholder network; (5) create and maintain jobs; (6) support innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs); and (7) create sustainable economy/society. The results validate the MFM framework as a potential model of sustainable sea transport for this particular route that can be expanded upon for other domestic and regional shipping routes. The author concludes that further research and the development of pertinent socio-economic indicators based on these findings will support a more robust MFM model as it applies to sustainable sea transport. 相似文献
3.
《Marine Policy》2016
The recent tightening of military budget constraints has called into question the feasibility of costly multilateral naval intervention used to combat maritime piracy off the eastern coast of Africa. Though past studies agree that the transformation of the Somali economy and government is crucial for a long-term solution to piracy in this part of the world, short to medium-run solutions are needed to bridge the gap. Such solutions should be fiscally sensible and serve as effective deterrents, as well as be applicable in addressing the problem of piracy and maritime armed robbery in other parts of the globe. This paper builds upon the foundations laid in Mejia et al. [12] and Mileski et al. [13] by examining the following question: given that a ship is engaged by pirates, what factors help shape the outcome of the confrontation? This study finds that observable action taken on the part of a ship's crew is extremely effective in decreasing the risk of a ship being successfully robbed or hijacked. There has yet (as of May 2014) to be a reported incident where pirates successfully hijacked a vessel that had a security team on board, and so though the effectiveness of security in this matter can be inferred, it cannot be empirically tested (the same is true – in this study's dataset – of the effect of onboard security on deterring robberies). This may provide some guidance for policymakers; if naval intervention is to be scaled back, the encouragement and oversight of shipping companies’ crew response procedures (and perhaps of onboard security measures) by international governments could pose a valid alternative. 相似文献
4.
《Marine Policy》2017
For over 5000 years, humans have successfully harnessed the power of wind to transport people and goods across the world's oceans. This research expands on previous studies of the unique Flettner rotor propulsion system and the demonstrable success in reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Recent examples such as Enercon's E-ship 1 have proven seaworthy and economically viable along major shipping routes. The remote Pacific island countries (PICS), however, have the unique characteristics of retaining a remarkable seafaring heritage while remaining on the periphery of global commerce. With data obtained from a field study of Fiji's domestic shipping, this research analyzes the potential for implementing Flettner rotor systems to achieve more economically viable alternatives to the current situation. The findings show that with an incremental approach and the addition of a government fuel savings incentive, the Government Shipping Franchise Scheme (GSFS) subsidies could be significantly lowered for Fiji's ten uneconomical shipping routes. Four scenarios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% fuel savings contrast the baseline data on one extreme with a zero-emissions scenario on the other. The most likely fuel savings scenario of between 10% and 15% results in a 20-year government savings of between 348,042 and 522,063 U.S. dollars and a 20-year cumulative reduction in CO2 emissions of between 2931 and 4396 t. The paper concludes that Flettner rotors show promising results in reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions and recommends future studies in collaboration with the Fiji government to develop practical strategies of implementation. 相似文献
5.
为解决无人船适用海商法存在的问题,促进我国无人船海上运输产业的健康可持续发展,文章从法理的角度阐释国际海事委员会无人船调查问卷中无人船的法律地位、船长和船员的认定以及无人船的碰撞责任,提出无人船适用海商法存在不确定性风险;在海商法领域,无人船的法律地位认定、船长和船员的识别以及船舶碰撞责任的适用仍存在问题,解决上述问题的有效路径是明确无人船的法律地位、将岸基控制人员识别为船员、采用过错责任原则认定无人船的碰撞责任以及合理分配船东与生产者之间的碰撞责任,以合理规避无人船的风险。 相似文献
6.
Although Britain may no longer “rule the waves” in terms of national fleet presence, London still maintains its supremacy as the world's leading maritime centre. However, with the decline of the fleet there has been an inevitable decline in the maritime skills-base and a loss of shipping expertise. The authors review half a century of government maritime policy measures and of recurrent challenges confronted with varying degrees of success, and identify the current period as critical for the future of London as a maritime centre and as a crossroads in British maritime policy. 相似文献
7.
海洋公共治理是我国政府治理现代化体系建设的重要组成内容。作为适应新时期"海洋强国"战略实施的海洋公共治理被认作一种异于传统陆地政府治理的新型地公共治理活动,存在着自身一定的责任结构体系。收集了2012-2016年的六大类海洋责任案例(主要是海洋执法案例),以时间(t)、案例数量(q)、制度(I)、人(H)来构建"灰箱"模型,通过考察问责复发率(P)分析海洋公共责任(R)的问题及原因。研究结果表明:(1)我国海洋公共治理过程中应亟须重视"海洋政府"理念,问责事件也从样本数量上得到了体现;(2)海洋公共治理的目标应是防范于未然,确保责任事件的可预期化,推进政府治理能力现代化,应当基于法治的导向来重新塑造海洋政府的责任体系;(3)我国未来海洋公共治理的责任体系建构应通过立法的方式实现责任人和责任形式的可预期化,最终实现对海洋公共治理责任法治监督的应有之义。 相似文献
8.
随着海洋强国战略的提出, 海洋经济进入快速发展期。尽管海洋开发的不断深入带来了巨大的经济效益, 但也造成 了海洋生态环境的不断恶化。本文基于演化博弈分析方法, 首先探究了渤海海洋环境治理面临的问题, 并就其治理的主体 (政府 、企业和公众) 构建演化博弈模型, 进一步分析三者达到均衡点所需要的条件, 最后提出相关主体参与海洋环境治理 的建议。结果显示, 监管成本是影响政府参与监管的主要因素, 企业是否非法排污取决于政府监管效率 、非法排污再治理的 成本、罚款与按照标准排污成本的利益比较, 而公众是否参与监督则取决于监督成本和回报。 因此为了实现渤海海洋环境的 有效治理, 应该降低政府监管成本以提高监管效率, 加大对企业非法排污的惩处力度, 畅通公众投诉渠道。 相似文献
9.
A new federal administration, alongside initiatives proposed by the President's US Commission on Ocean Policy, provides a timely and critical opportunity for maritime archaeologists and cultural resource managers to re-consider management frameworks for maritime cultural heritage in the USA. Policy is urgently needed that defines governments’ roles and responsibilities in protecting and managing maritime cultural heritage in federal waters. Implementation of a regional governance structure based on the tenets of ecosystem-based management is proposed in this paper to manage and develop these resources effectively. Through regional governance, the maritime heritage of the USA can be conserved for future generations, keeping its citizens connected to deep-rooted maritime traditions and contribute to the well-being, economic growth and development of coastal communities. 相似文献
10.
China and Japan’s June 2008 agreement in principle on maritime cooperation in the East China Sea raised hopes of a significant breakthrough in the parties' complex and long-standing disputes in the area. Subsequent progress towards the realisation of a legally binding, formal treaty on, for example, offshore petroleum joint development has been slow to materialise. In fact, the area under dispute appears to have become more rather than less extensive. This paper examines competing maritime and sovereignty claims in the East China Sea together with progress towards maritime cooperation in the context of overlapping jurisdictional claims. The paper identifies some of the key challenges that need to be overcome in realizing a functioning joint resource management regime in the East China Sea. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents the main results of a project on Canada's regional clusters in the maritime industry. The objectives of this paper are twofold: firstly, the driving forces and the development processes of the different maritime clusters in Canada are described. Secondly, the role of cluster policy in promoting maritime competitiveness in Canada and the key institutional and geographic barriers that affect their growth and development are discussed. The empirical work consists of analyses and assessment of three clusters in different provinces in Canada: Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, and British Columbia. 相似文献
12.
Jose I. Castillo-Manzano Lourdes López-Valpuesta Fernando Gonzalez Laxe 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(9):577-580
Spain’s port system was subjected to significant legislative reforms during the 1990s. Spanish Law 62/97 allowed regional governments to manage commercial ports, whereas the central government continued to control the main organisation in charge of the Spanish port system – the Spanish National Ports and Harbours Authority (SNPHA). This paper analyses the evolution of maritime traffic to measure the possible costs of political coordination between the SNPHA and the port authorities controlled by various political parties that rule regional governments. The findings point to coordination costs having a limited effect on the evolution of maritime traffic. 相似文献
13.
《Marine Policy》2017
Against the backdrop of Indonesian President Widodo's expressed intention to turn his country in to a maritime nation again, this article examines the way in which the Indonesian state understands and utilises the concept of maritime security. The article achieves this aim by discussing the results of a Training Needs Analysis of key Indonesian state maritime security actors, conducted as part of the first phase of a multi-stakeholder project examining how Indonesia's maritime security capacity can be improved.The article illustrates how key maritime actors within the Indonesian state demonstrate a diverse understanding of what maritime security is, and argues that there is a demonstrable willingness on their part to look beyond a narrow conceptualisation of security in the maritime domain, which is solely focused on military threats and the defence of the state, towards something more comprehensive. Here the Indonesian approach to maritime security mirrors in practice conceptual trends encapsulated in the emergence of maritime security studies. The article concludes that there is the potential for a more comprehensive maritime security agenda to take hold in Indonesia but that this will require continued strategic and policy focus on the maritime domain within the country, alongside an emphasis on partnership building both within the state and between the state and non-state actors.Consistent dialogue around how maritime security is conceptualised would be helpful in supporting these two conditions the article posits, elaborating the value of the human security lens for those interested in a more comprehensive approach to maritime security. 相似文献
14.
In the past decade, the European Commission has developed the Marine Strategy Directive and the Maritime Policy. Both policies aim at governing the marine environment; yet the two policies have a differing signature in policy formulation and implementation. From a fisher's perspective these policies present a change in institutional setting; major policy measures no longer descend from the EU Common Fisheries Policy alone, but increasingly are derived from general environmental policy developments. In this paper, the policy arrangement approach is used to analyse the differences between the two maritime policies, and the way in which they can affect fisheries management. 相似文献
15.
《Marine Policy》2016
Adopting a critical geopolitics approach that accounts for the mutually reinforcing link between geo-informed narratives and projection practices, this article proposes that ocean governance and maritime security have translated into states' and regional organisations' increasing control over maritime spaces. This leads to a certain territorialisation of the sea, not so much from a sovereignty and jurisdictional perspective but from a functional and normative perspective. The article starts by discussing the ways oceans have been represented and shows that they are far from a placeless void, both in practice and in discourse. The article then frames the analysis of ocean governance and maritime security within critical geopolitics, and elaborates on the case of the European Union's narrative and practice. It concludes on the mutually reinforcing link between discourse and practice in the field of ocean governance and maritime security in general, and on the consequences for the EU in particular. Scholars working on ocean governance and maritime security are encouraged to challenge the traditional view that oceans are placeless. 相似文献
16.
Yen-Chiang Chang 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(6):488-494
The South West of England is a very extensive region, with constraints in terms of its transport network. It is imperative if the region is to optimise its economic development for transport services to fully utilise all transport modes, not least, short sea shipping. To achieve this objective will require, inter alia, investment in the region’s port infrastructure. The result of this study suggests that each South West port provides a hub to develop a small maritime cluster which provides some sort of platform for marine and maritime related activities or businesses to co-ordinate and communicate. In addition, the region is well placed geographically in relation to a number of other European Union countries, with which to develop seaborne trade links. If this can be supported both by the development of coastal shipping links between regional ports and the incremental capability of rail and road transport within the region, then substantial increased economic activity for the region could result. Moreover, it would be beneficial if the region’s ports could act as a maritime cluster, optimising the contribution each port can make. This in no way would preclude healthy competition between the ports. 相似文献
17.
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea entitled the coastal States to naturally extend the continental shelf, which has caused more drastic disputes of maritime delimitation. This paper devotes to clarifying the significant concept of natural prolongation through an effect method combing the legal principles and technical analysis. Firstly, the classic samples with respect of the development of geological features are traced. Based on these samples, the classification with a model is proposed in order to affirm the concept''s significance under certain geomorphologic situations. Lastly, scientific analysis is used to present two potential prolongation situations and emphasize that all the technical analysis on maritime delimitation should be complied with international law and protect the common interest of all the mankind. 相似文献
18.
In previous papers we have looked at open registries, the Panama maritime sector and Panama Canal operations and management. No maritime study of Panama is complete, however, without a detailed look at the Panama Canal's main port system, which has enjoyed remarkable growth since the privatization of the terminal ports of Cristóbal and Balboa in 1995. This paper looks at the evolution and development of the Canal's port system; its stewardship, initially by the American authorities governing the Canal and, post-transition, by the Panamanians, and includes a study of the driving forces that led to privatization. We will conclude by looking at the results of the successful reform of the system, currently considered a primary model for other Latin American countries. 相似文献
19.
People with seafaring experience and skills are employed in the maritime sector of the UK economy in land-based jobs as well as in seagoing ones. This paper examines the balance of supply and demand in the land-based jobs market. It then considers the likely effects of a shortfall in the supply of British ships’ officers to fill net vacancies in jobs ashore, including the policy implications of this and the consequences for the economy's maritime skills base if the Government fails to act decisively now to correct market failure. 相似文献
20.
China and Vietnam have recently signed two bilateral agreements to deal with maritime issues in Beibu Gulf. One is the maritime boundary delimitation agreement, and the other the fisheries agreement. The two parties have also formulated a supplementary protocol to the latter agreement. All of them have entered into force on 30 June 2004. This article introduces the new arrangements for fisheries management initiated by the two countries, focusing especially on the Joint Fishery Committee established by the two parties, the contracting waters covered by the fisheries agreement, and the conservation and management measures for the Gulf's fisheries. The challenges likely confronted by China after this institutional change takes place are analyzed. A brief comparison is drawn among the three effectual fisheries agreements signed by China, respectively, with Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. Finally, as for the future of fisheries management in the Gulf some recommendations are made. 相似文献