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1.
探究引起大黄鱼幼鱼同生群内不同增重性能子群间脏器生理差异的主因, 揭示造成各子群间生存适应对策和增重机制分化的内在逻辑, 对于精选大黄鱼幼鱼优质增殖放流群体和指导大黄鱼科学高效养殖具重要现实意义。随机捞取宁波市象山西沪港海域内经板式网箱养殖3个月的3 000尾大黄鱼同生群幼鱼, 停食2d后按体质量由大到小依次分为A [体质量(3.45±0.43) g, 出现率5%]、B [体质量(2.60±0.18) g, 出现率20%]、C [体质量(2.00±0.21) g, 出现率50%]、D [体质量(1.22±0.23) g, 出现率20%]、E [体质量(0.74±0.04) g, 出现率5%]等5个子群。在测量并统计脏器比例性状(鳃系数、内脏系数、内脏净重比、鳃净重比和鳃脏比)的基础上, 较系统开展了不同增重性能子群间耗氧率、窒息点、内脏和鳃组织相关功能酶活力的差异。结果表明: (1) 鳃系数、内脏系数和日均耗氧率的显著高企(P<0.05)均可导致大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能的明显下降; (2) 耗氧昼夜节律的分化是引起大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能发生明显改变的主因, 具体表现为A、B子群的昼均耗氧率显著大于夜均耗氧率(P<0.05),以及E子群的日均耗氧率与昼均和夜均耗氧率均无显著差异(P>0.05); (3) 耗氧率性状聚类和脏器比例性状聚类分别对甄别C、E子群具良好的辨识效果; (4) 随着窒息点水中含氧量的趋势性提高, 大黄鱼幼鱼的增重性能将表露出极明显的减弱效应, 其中与E子群窒息点水中含氧量具显著差异(P<0.05)的仅为A、B子群, 呈E>A≈B; (5) 内脏消化酶和磷酸酶中, 酶活力与大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能排序吻合度最高的分别为淀粉酶和AKP,前者随增重性能增强呈趋势性增加,后者则呈A<B<C<D<E (P<0.05); ATP酶中, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase酶活力无组间差异(P>0.05), Na+/K+-ATPase酶活力除A显著大于D、E子群(P<0.05)外, 其余子群间均无显著差异(P>0.05); (6) 鳃SOD、CAT和POD中, 酶活力与大黄鱼幼鱼增重性能排序吻合度最高的为SOD, 呈A>B>C≈D≈E, Na+/K+-ATPase和Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase酶活力均呈A>B≈C>D≈E。上述研究可为大黄鱼生长性能评价体系构建和指导速生品种(品系)选择育种提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
闽-粤东族大黄鱼生长性状的相关与通径分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
研究大黄鱼各形态性状对体重的影响,测定了272尾7月龄闽-粤东族大黄鱼的全长(x1)、体长(x2)、头长(x3)、眼后头长(x4)、躯干长 (x5)、体高(x6)、尾柄长(x7)、尾柄高(x8)和体重(y),计算相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算了以体重(y)为依变量、其它性状为自变量的通径系数和决定系数.结果表明:全长、体长、头长、眼后头长、躯干长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高和体重两两之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);头长对体重的直接影响(0.429)最大,其次分别为体长(0.242)、躯干长(0.136)、体高(0.113)和尾柄高(0.079),全长、眼后头长和尾柄长对体重的直接影响不显著(P>0.05).剔除直接影响不显著的自变量建立的以体重为依变量的多元线性回归方程为(y)=-4.676 0.374×2 2.270×3 0.503×5 0 .519×6 1.254×8,其决定的数为0.940. 相似文献
3.
4月龄军曹鱼幼鱼形态性状与体质量的相关性及通径分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究4月龄军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)幼鱼的形态性状对体质量的影响效应。在实验中,随机选取该月龄幼鱼115尾,先逐一称其体质量(g)和测量其9个形态性状[全长(X_1)、体长(X_2)、头长(X_3)、吻长(X_4)、体宽(X_5)、眼间距(X_6)、体高(X_7)、尾柄长(X_8)及眼后头长(X_9), cm],然后统计分析获得性状间的相关性、通径系数和决定系数,并进一步构建形态性状和体质量的回归方程。结果表明,本实验中所测的9个形态指标,与体质量间的相关性均达到了极显著水平(P0.01);在通径系数分析中,3个形态性状(X_2、X_3和X_9)对体质量的直接作用达到极显著水平(P0.01),而它们的直接作用均小于间接作用,反映多形态性状联合效应成为影响军曹鱼体质量的主要因素。以体质量为因变量(Y),X_2、X_3和X9为自变量,采用逐步线性回归的方法,建立的回归方程为:Y=–483.321+12.899X_2+36.818X_3+32.666 X9。该回归方程中总决定系数为0.919,认为方程中X_2、X_3和X_9这3个形态性状是4月龄军曹鱼幼鱼体质量的主要影响因素。本研究结果可为军曹鱼人工育种提供理想的测度指标。 相似文献
4.
小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)形态性状与体质量的相关性及通径分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了研究野生小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)繁殖后代的形态性状对体质量的影响作用,以随机采集的729尾4.5月龄小黄鱼为研究对象,对每尾个体的体质量(g)和8个形态性状(cm):全长(X1)、体长(X2)、头长(X3)、躯干长(X4)、尾部长(X5)、尾柄长(X6)、尾柄高(X7)和体高(X8)进行准确测定,运用相关分析、多元回归分析和通径分析方法,分别计算性状间的相关系数、构建形态性状与体质量的多元回归方程,获得了通径系数和决定系数,进行了养殖小黄鱼的形态性状对体质量的影响研究。结果显示,8个形态性状与体质量的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);通径分析中,4个形态性状对体质量的通径系数达到极显著水平(P0.01),它们是影响体质量的重要指标,其中体长(通径系数:0.589)对体质量的直接影响最大。应用逐步多元回归分析建立了以体质量为因变量(Y),体长(X2)、躯干长(X4)、尾柄高(X7)和体高(X8)为自变量的回归方程:Y=–32.377+3.064X2–1.511X4+14.285X7+4.438X8。模型等式中形态性状与体质量的相关指数R2=0.927,说明所选性状是影响体质量的主要形态性状。以上分析结果为小黄鱼的选育测量指标的确定提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
为全面了解■属鱼类表型性状的种间差异,描述了我国养殖的黄条■(Seriola lalandi)、高体■(Seriola dumerili)和五条■(Seriola quinqueradiata)的形态学特征,测量了群体的表型数据,通过单因素方差分析、通径分析、主成分分析、判别分析和聚类分析等多元统计方法,对3种■鱼共计190尾样品的形态种质特征和可量可数性状进行了比较研究。单因素方差分析显示,除叉长/体长(FL/SL)、体长/尾柄长SL/PL)、头长/眼间距(HL/ID)和下颌长/上颌长(LJL/UJL)外,其余9个指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。通径分析显示,黄条■的体长(SL)、体高(BH)、尾柄长(PL)和尾柄高(PD)是主要影响其体质量的4个表型性状;高体■的体长(SL)、体高(BH)、眼间距(ID)、下颌长(LJL)和眼后头长(POL)是主要影响其体质量的5个表型性状;五条■的体高(BH)、下颌长(LJL)和全长(TL)是主要影响其体质量的3个表型性状。主成分分析构建了4个主成分,其中第一项主成分贡献率为34.974%,其他3个主成分的贡献率依次为23.897%、... 相似文献
6.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(1)
随机选取56尾放养于稻田生境的泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)1年龄同生群个体作为研究对象,分别测量其体质量(BW)、净体质量(NW)、全长(X_1)、体长(X_2)、肛长(X_3)、肛后长(X_4)、肛围(X_5)、肛部体高(X_6)、肛部体宽(X_7)、头长(X_8)、头高(X_9)、头宽(X_(10))、眼间距(X_(11))、鼻间距(X_(12))、躯干长(X_(13))、体高(X_(14))、体宽(X_(15))、尾柄长(X_(16))、尾柄高(X_(17))、背鳍部周长(X_(18))、背鳍部体高(X_(19))、吻长(X_(20))、背前区长(X_(21))等23项性状,采用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析方法研究了泥鳅各项形态性状对体质量、净体质量的影响效应。结果表明:(1)各性状与体质量、净体质量间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);(2)经通径分析,全长(X_1)、背鳍部周长(X_(18))、肛长(X_3)和肛部体宽(X_7)等4项被保留的性状对体质量、净体质量相关指数分别为0.947和0.948,其中全长(X_1)对体质量和净体质量直接作用最大,分别为0.341和0.348,肛长(X_3)对体质量和净体质量间接作用最大,分别为0.636和0.637;(3)经多元回归分析,建立用于估计泥鳅个体体质量、净体质量的最优方程分别为BW=0.083X_1+0.175X_(18)+0.098X_3+0.540X_7-18.562和NW=0.084X_1+0.177X_(18)+0.098X_3+0.500X_7-19.607 相似文献
7.
以虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)优良品系选育群体作为试验群体,采用单性状动物模型估计头长、体长、体高、体厚、尾柄长、尾柄高、背吻距、背鳍基长等8个主要体尺性状的遗传力。结果显示,上述8个性状的遗传力在0.131—0.313之间,多为中等或偏低遗传力,其中背鳍基长遗传力最低,为0.131±0.039,体高遗传力最高,为0.313±0.086。采用皮尔逊相关法估计上述性状之间的表型相关,结果显示,上述性状间表型相关变化范围为0.016—0.815。采用两性状动物模型估计上述性状间的遗传相关,结果表明,上述性状间遗传相关变化范围为0.065—0.866。在本研究中,比较分析表型和遗传相关结果发现,虽然体厚与尾柄长的表型相关最低,仅为0.016,相关性不显著(P0.05),但是遗传相关为0.247,似然比检验(likelihood ratio test,LRT)统计分析达到显著水平(P0.05)。体厚与背鳍基长的表型相关为0.647,t检验达到显著水平(P0.05);但遗传相关仅为0.305,LRT统计分析未达到显著水平(P0.05)。上述结果说明,在该群体中各体尺性状的表型相关和遗传相关水平不完全相同,在设计育种方案时应综合考虑各个性状间的表型相关及遗传相关。 相似文献
8.
光色对豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食、生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究光色对鱼类摄食、生长和存活的影响,作者在模块化小型循环水养殖系统中,以豹纹鳃棘鲈(Plectropomus leopardus)幼鱼(体长21.2 cm±1.22 cm,体质量112.46 g±2.632 g)为对象,设置5种光色环境(红、黄、绿、白和黑暗),进行了4个月的循环水养殖实验。结果表明:绿光下豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼摄食率高、饵料转化率高、饵料系数低,但不同光色下豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的摄食不存在显著性差异(P0.05);幼鱼的体长增长,绿光组和红光组大,且与其余3组间差异显著(P0.05);幼鱼的体质量增长,绿光组最大,红光组和黑暗组次之,白光组和黄光组最小,且三者间差异显著(P0.05);各组幼鱼的肥满度并没有显著性差异(P0.05);除白光组幼鱼存活率(只有50%)最低外,其余各组幼鱼存活率均在80%以上,其中绿光组最高,为88.33%。可见,在循环水养殖生产中,绿光环境有利于豹纹鳃棘鲈幼鱼的摄食、生长和存活。 相似文献
9.
以规格6m×4m×1.2m的室内水泥池为实验单元,A[(37.53±7.72)mm]、B[(63.13±12.95)mm]肛长组泥鳅幼鱼为猎物,采用捕食者-猎物间捕食效应研究方法,研究了中华鳖对泥鳅幼鱼的捕食效应。结果表明:(1)中华鳖捕食泥鳅幼鱼的时段主要集中于00:00—4:00,其对A肛长组泥鳅幼鱼所具的捕食选择性与A、B肛长组间初始数量的配置比例无关;(2)中华鳖捕食泥鳅幼鱼的功能反应属Holling-Ⅱ型,其对A、B肛长组泥鳅幼鱼的理论最大捕食量分别为16.13ind/d和9.06ind/d;(3)中华鳖对A、B肛长组泥鳅幼鱼的种内干扰模型可分别由各自的指数方程表达,用来描述实验鱼初始数量、实验期间实验鱼被捕食数量以及中华鳖个数等参数的统计关系,并指导确定合理的中华鳖和泥鳅的初始放养数量。 相似文献
10.
花鲈形态性状对体质量的影响效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为深入了解花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)形态性状对体质量的影响效果,本研究测量了105条2龄花鲈的眼间距(X_1)、体宽(X_2)、吻长(X_3)、头长(X_4)、躯干长(X_5)、尾柄长(X_6)、头高(X_7)、体高(X_8)、尾柄高(X_9)、体长(X_(10))、全长(X_(11))和体质量(Y)这12个形态学指标。通过模型拟合筛选,获得能够反映各形态性状与体质量关系的最佳模型;运用相关分析、通径分析和多元回归分析,计算了主要形态性状的相关系数、通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,确定了影响体质量的主要形态性状,建立了最优回归方程,定量分析花鲈形态性状对体质量的影响效果。模型拟合结果显示,体宽、体高、体长、全长与体质量的最优模型决定系数R~20.85,方程分别为:y=0.045x~(2.459)、y=-1 059.959+20.392x、y=4.8×10~(-5)x~(2.785)、y=8.42×10~(-5)x~(2.616),初步得出各形态性状与体质量的关系。通径分析结果表明,体质量变异系数最大(19.770%),各形态性状与体质量的相关性均达到了极显著水平(P0.01)。通径分析中,剔除与全长存在多重共线性的头高、体高、体长及回归方程中不显著的眼间距、吻长、躯干长和尾柄长,保留了体宽、头长、全长和尾柄高4个形态性状,其中体宽对体质量的直接影响最大(P2=0.547)。所选4个性状与体质量的相关指数R~2=0.954,说明这些性状是影响体质量的主要形态参数。采用逐步多元回归方法建立的回归方程为:Y=-906.939+16.033 X_2+2.199 X_4+0.773 X_(11)+6.127 X_9。研究结果表明,在花鲈的选育过程中,其体宽、头长、全长和尾柄高可作为重要的测量指标,为花鲈选种提供依据,保证选育效果。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献