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《海洋湖沼通报》2019,(5)
于2017年9月对连云港附近海域-赣榆、西墅、墟沟、连岛、高公岛等潮间带的海水、表层沉积物和水产品的重金属(Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn)含量进行了调查,并采用单因子污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其污染程度及潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:连云港附近海域潮间带海水重金属处于很高的生态风险等级,综合生态风险指数RI依次为连岛赣榆西墅墟沟高公岛,所检测的5种重金属平均含量均劣于海水水质Ⅰ类标准,单项生态风险指数依次为CdPbZnCu Cr,其中Cd、Pb存在很高的潜在生态风险。采集的低潮区0～5cm的表层沉积物中5种重金属平均含量均未超出海洋沉积物Ⅰ类标准和黄海表层沉积物背景值,且RI均小于40,表明连云港近海沉积物重金属污染为低潜在生态风险。本研究采集的23种海洋生物中Cd和Pb的平均含量高于海洋生物质量Ⅰ类标准,但其单项生态风险指数均小于40,表明连云港附近海域水产品重金属污染总体为低潜在生态风险;从不同物种分析,大菱鲆和中国明对虾具有中等潜在生态风险,金鲳鱼、口虾蛄和杂色蛤具有较高的潜在生态风险,毛蚶具有很高的潜在生态风险。五个生物类群的RI依次为:海藻甲壳类双壳类鱼类头足类,都小于90,所以均处于低潜在生态风险。 相似文献
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渤海倾倒区沉积物重金属富集特征及其潜在生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2012年渤海6个海洋倾倒区沉积物重金属监测结果,采用富集系数法和潜在生态风险评价法对Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、As共6种重金属富集特征和潜在生态风险进行了分析和评价。结果表明:渤海倾倒区沉积物中As、Zn、Hg、Pb富集度相对较高,Cu和Cd富集度较低。其中,黄骅倾倒区(C1区)和天津港倾倒区(C区)As富集显著,为较高和中等污染程度;葫芦岛港倾倒区Hg、Zn、锦州港倾倒区Zn富集达到中等污染程度。渤海倾倒区沉积物重金属综合潜在生态风险处于较低水平,风险排序为AsCdHgPbCuZn。其中具有较高潜在生态风险的重金属为Hg、Cd和As,分布区域在葫芦岛港、锦州港和黄骅港倾倒区。 相似文献
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2011 年对天津近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属及砷含量进行了调查, 采用Muller 地累积指数法和Hakanson 潜在生态风险指数法(RI), 对该区表层沉积物中重金属及砷的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明: 天津近岸表层沉积物中重金属及As 含量总体处于较低水平, 33.3%的站位Cu 含量超过第一类海洋沉积物质量标准; 单因子指数法和地累积指数法计算污染程度排序一致, 均为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr>Hg>As; 潜在生态风险评价显示重金属对天津近岸海域生态风险构成的风险程度排序为Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu>As>Cr >Zn, 天津近岸海域沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险属于低度生态风险。 相似文献
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山东近岸海域表层沉积物7种重金属污染特征和生态风险评估研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文综合运用单因子污染指数法、Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法和沉积物质量基准法3种方法,研究和评价了2012年和2013年山东近岸海域表层沉积物重金属的污染特征和潜在生态风险。结果表明:山东近岸海域94%以上站位的表层沉积物重金属含量符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准,沉积物质量良好;山东近岸海域重金属综合潜在生态风险低,各重金属潜在生态风险由高到低为HgAsCdPbCuCrZn(2012年)和HgCdAsPbCuCrZn(2013年),Hg在个别站位达中潜在生态风险程度,为主要污染因子;50%以上站位As含量介于美国佛罗里达州和加拿大沉积物质量基准的TEL—PEL之间,表明负面生物效应偶尔发生。应加强对山东近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属Hg和As的监测,重点关注二者相对高值区的潜在生态风险和负面生物效应。 相似文献
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根据2008—2015年3个航次对曹妃甸附近海域共51个采样站位的表层沉积物调查资料,分析了表层沉积物中Hg,Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr,Zn和As七种重金属的质量分数和年际变化特征,采用超标率统计法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其重金属含量进行了评价。结果表明,研究海域表层沉积物中重金属含量总体处于较低水平,3个航次中仅有1个站位的Cu超标,其他调查站位的重金属含量均符合第一类标准。研究海域表层沉积物中各重金属的年际变化略有差异,Cu,Pb和Zn的含量相对比较稳定;Cr的含量表现为逐年降低的趋势;Cd和As的含量表现为先降低后增大的趋势;而Hg的含量表现为先增大后略降低的趋势。近8a来总体上曹妃甸附近海域表层沉积物中重金属含量的年际变化不显著。采用地累积指数法评价显示,7种重金属元素的Igeo多年平均大小排序为CdPbHgCuCrZnAs,除个别站位Cd受到轻度污染外,其他6种重金属污染程度均为清洁。采用潜在生态风险评价显示,研究海域7种重金属的Eir多年平均大小排序为CdHgAsPbCuCrZn,综合潜在风险指数等级为低生态风险水平。结合地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法两种评价方法得出的评价结果一致,结果表明Cd是曹妃甸附近海域表层沉积物中主要潜在生态风险因子。 相似文献
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基于2017年11月珠江口外陆架海域表层沉积物中Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr等7种重金属元素的调查结果,应用单因子标准指数和地累积指数法评价了研究海域表层沉积物环境质量,采用H?kanson潜在生态风险指数评价法定量评估沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险,并利用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析初步探究了研究海域沉积物中重金属的主要来源。结果表明:研究海域表层沉积物中7种重金属污染物含量均达到海洋沉积物质量一类标准,地累积指数显示研究海域表层沉积物环境整体处于清洁状态,部分站位中的As和Cd属轻度污染。总体来说,研究海域沉积物环境属于低潜在生态风险(综合潜在生态风险系数RI 150)。单项因子潜在生态风险由高到低为Cd Hg As Pb Cu Cr Zn,研究海域西部表层沉积物重金属Cd的潜在生态风险系数均值达到中等潜在生态风险水平。Cr、Cu和Zn元素具有相近来源,主要为工业产生的陆源污染物; Pb、As和Cd元素来源相似,来源于陆源工业和农业污染经大气沉降及海上交通污染;而Hg与其他重金属元素无明显相关。 相似文献
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本文通过对自20世纪80年代以来九龙江口-厦门湾海域的表层沉积物重金属调查数据进行对比分析,确定了各区域重金属含量的平均水平,对表层沉积物重金属含量分布作了概述,同时根据潜在生态风险指数法的需要确定了各重金属元素含量的背景值,为该区域重金属含量的研究和评价以及背景值提供了参考数据。结合2016年8月该区域表层沉积物重金属含量调查数据,进行了总体潜在生态风险评价,结果表明:九龙江口-厦门湾海域的表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险情况并不乐观,厦门东部水道部分海域重金属潜在生态风险以轻度风险为主,九龙江口海域重金属潜在生态风险以重度风险为主,其余海域以中度风险为主。 相似文献
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文章利用2010年8月杭州湾海域表层沉积物重金属的资料,对其沉积物含量进行分析,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法两种方法对其进行评价。经过分析可知,杭州湾海域表层沉积物重金属平均含量由高到低排序依次为锌、铬、铅、铜、砷、镉、汞,铬和铅的富集程度最高。两种方法评价结果表明,地累积指数和潜在生态风险评价指数法对杭州湾海域的评价总体一致,大多数站位的Igeo和RI值分级彼此符合,杭州湾海域沉积物处于清洁或者低风险状态,沉积物质量状态良好。鉴于两种方法的优缺点,在评价过程中只有把重金属在沉积环境中的累积程度与其对海洋生态系统的潜在生态危害程度相结合,才能全面地反映沉积物中污染物的污染状况。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献