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卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖精子发生的超微结构研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖 Sebastiscus marmoratus精子发生的过程.褐菖的精子发生经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞等阶段,最终形成精子.在初级精原细胞和次级精原细胞阶段,细胞核中释放出拟染色体.拟染色体分布于精原细胞和前期Ⅰ的初级精母细胞的细胞质中.在前期Ⅰ以后的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和精子细胞中,拟染色体已消失.在初级精母细胞阶段,前期Ⅰ至末期Ⅰ的细胞形态变化明显.在前期Ⅰ的偶线期,同源染色体开始配对并形成联会复合体;在粗线期,联会复合体完全形成;在双线期,联会复合体开始解体. 相似文献
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研究了卵胎生硬盘鱼褐草YouSebastiscus marmoratus精子发生的过程。褐菖You的精子发生经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞等阶段，最终形成精子。在初级精原细胞和次数精原细胞阶段，细胞核中释放出拟染色体。拟染色体分布于精原细胞和前期I的初级精母细胞的细胞质中。在前期I以后的初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和精子细胞中，拟染色体已消失。在初级精母细胞阶段，前期I至末期I的细胞形态变化明显。在前期I偶线期，同源染色体开始配对并形成联会复合体；在粗线期，联会复合体完成形成；在双线期，联会复合体开始解体。 相似文献
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应用透射电子显微镜技术研究了我国海域耳鲍精子发生的全过程。结果表明,耳鲍精原细胞呈近椭圆形,染色质分布较均匀,线粒体较少;初级精母细胞较大,染色质凝聚成小块状,线粒体增多;次级精母细胞较初级精母细胞小,线粒体较多,部分线粒体发生融合,呈扁囊状。分化早期精细胞染色质凝聚成团块状,多数贴附于核膜内面,胞质中出现前顶体颗粒。分化中期精细胞染色质继续凝聚成较大的团块,线粒体在核的一端融合,形成数量少、体积大的线粒体,前顶体颗粒形成圆形外膜明显的前顶体。分化后期精核由近圆形变成长桶状,核内染色质凝聚并均质化,前顶体泡化发育成顶体,鞭毛形成,精细胞分化成精子。成熟精子为鞭毛型精子,由头部、中段和尾部(鞭毛)3部分组成。 相似文献
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采用石蜡切片法,对分布于粤西沿海的斗嫁蜮Cellana grata(Gould)的精子发生和雄性性腺的组织结构进行了研究。斗嫁蜮精子发生经历雄性性细胞的增殖、生长、成熟、变态等阶段.依据精子发生过程中生精细胞形态的变化,精子发生过程可分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子形成期等5期。雄性性腺组织主要由滤泡构成,滤泡为生殖细胞增殖、生长、成熟、变态的场所,滤泡腔中的精子经生殖输送管向外输送。显微观察与分析表明:(1)精子发生中,生长期不明显,初级精母细胞较精原细胞小;(2)生精细胞及核的大小随发育逐渐变小,核嗜碱性逐渐增强;(3)精子发生过程中的变态期长,易观察到变态过程中的不同形态的精细胞;(4)成熟精子为鞭毛型,头部短杆状,约0.5×(3~4)μm,尾部细长呈鞭毛状;(5)生长-成熟期的雄性性腺由形态较规则的(多边形)滤泡构成,滤泡界限清晰;(6)雄性滤泡壁由不同发育时期的生精细胞依次排列,较原始的生精细胞呈嗜酸性,靠近滤泡膜分布,而发育晚期的生精细胞呈嗜碱性,渐离滤泡膜分布,成熟精子群集并呈涡旋状分布于腔中;(7)成熟雄性性腺可伸入足部或肝组织中;在肝组织切片中,可观察到结构不同的4个级别的生殖输送管;8)斗嫁蜮雌雄异体,但存在雌雄同体、性转化现象。还对斗嫁蜮精子发生与成熟过程及雌雄同体的有关问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei精子发生的过程进行了透射电镜的观察.结果表明,成熟凡纳滨对虾精巢为指状,分16叶.凡纳滨对虾精子发生分为精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子5个时期.染色质经历了从以异染色质为主变为高度凝聚状态,再经解聚为弥散絮状的变化过程.核膜由完整转变为不完整.凡纳滨对虾精子发生过程中仅见线粒体、内质网、核糖体细胞器的参与,未见有典型的高尔基体结构的出现.顶体由内质网囊泡团和线粒体囊泡共同转变而来.精子的棘突以及亚顶体区需在输精管的中后端形成,而非在精巢中形成.纳精囊内精子比储精囊内精子的棘突细长. 相似文献
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用透射电镜技术研究了秀丽白虾精子发生过程中早期生精细胞的结构特征。结果表明：精原细胞可分为原始型和发育型两种。原始型精原细胞体积较小，形状不规则，整个细胞呈现极高的电子密度，胞质中线粒体多。早期发育型精原细胞度过非繁殖期后开始生长，内质网、线粒体增多。初级精母细胞胞质中细胞器结构典型，数量达到最多。次级精母细胞期，线粒体开始解体并相互融合；高尔基体、内质网形态不典型，胞质中充满了不规则的囊泡。 相似文献
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黑鱾精子发生过程中的超微结构变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用透射电镜对黑鱾Girella leonina精子发生过程中的各个阶段细胞以及精子的超微结构变化进行了观察.结果表明:1)黑鱾的精子发生过程主要经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子6个阶段.由精子细胞形成成熟精子还需经过前、中、后期的一系列变态过程.2)各阶段生精细胞以初级精原细胞体积最大,大小约为10.00μm×6.40μm,核大小约为8.801μm×5.80μm,而精子细胞体积最小,大小约为3.20μm×2.60μm,核约为2.80μm×2.50μm;随着生精细胞不断分裂和成熟,细胞的体积逐渐减小,核的位置、核仁、线粒体等发生相应的变化,核内染色质趋于浓缩,电子密度增加,染色程度也逐步加深.3)线粒体是各期细胞内的最主要细胞器之一,在精子发生过程中,它的数量逐渐减少,至成熟精子形成时,核内仅存4个线粒体,但体积却不断增加,内嵴变得长而明显.4)与大多数硬骨鱼类精子特点相似,黑纪的成熟精子不具顶体,核后窝深,精子的鞭毛细长,两旁具侧鳍.尾部为典型的"9+2"型结构. 相似文献
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为了解糙海参(Holothuria scabra)精子发生的过程及其形态结构,作者于2013年11月~2014年4月每月采集2头海南岛的野生雄性糙海参,取精巢组织固定后分别制作投射电镜、扫描电镜切片和石蜡包埋切片,在电镜和光镜下连续观察。观察结果表明,糙海参精子发生经历了精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精细胞和成熟精子5个阶段。精细胞分化过程可分为3个时期,早期:细胞核前端出现前顶体囊;中期:顶体腔内出现围顶体物质;后期:胞质往尾部方向收缩,形成精子中部。糙海参成熟精子全长约60μm,由头部、中部和尾部3部分组成,为典型的鞭毛型精子。精子头部呈球形,精子核中顶体形态为"U"型内陷囊状体,围顶体物质呈"月牙"形,核染色质凝集成团块状。精子中部由一个巨大的线粒体和中心粒复合体融合而成。精子尾部鞭毛横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。本研究可为糙海参的繁殖生物学和人工育苗提供理论参考。 相似文献
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文昌鱼的精子发生及释精过程 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文较详细地描述了文昌鱼精巢重新形成过程中,精原细胞的增殖和分化。本工作首次观察到原始精原细胞的形态特点,初级精母细胞的成熟分裂、精子形成以及精子释放的过程。我们的研究结果表明,精原细胞至少经三次有丝分裂后才进入初级精母细胞,但未观察到文昌鱼精巢中有类固醇激素生成细胞。我们还观察到文昌鱼释精的另一途径,即精子先在鳃裂和内柱周围聚集。后经咽至口排出。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献