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1.
三峡工程一期蓄水后长江口及其邻近海域沉积地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自长江口及其邻近海域的29个表层沉积物中的31个元素(或氧化物)的含量进行了富集因子和变异系数分析,探讨了元素的来源和分布特征,结合沉积环境和沉积物分布特征,Q型聚类分析结果表明研究区可划分为五大沉积地球化学区,相关分析和R型因子分析揭示了长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中元素分布的主要影响因素。 相似文献
2.
《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(2):319-324
An assessment was made of the distribution of the faecal sterol coprostanol (COP) in sediments in the Bilbao estuary. Concentrations of COP ranged from 135.15 to 10.77 μg g−1 dry weight, from the inner to the open estuary, with a mean value of 51.43 μg g−1; the highest concentrations were found near the mouths of several tribularies flowing into the estuary. Comparisons with other published values indicate that sediments from the Bilbao estuary are affected by sewage pollution in a similar degree to that reported for other estuaries in the world. Organic enrichment and anaerobic sediment conditions prevail in three-fourths of its watercourse bed. Since the spatial distribution of several organic sedimentary parameters could be clearly correlated with COP levels, we can conclude the existence of major pollution by the addition of untreated sewage, coming from mainly domestic sources. The implementation of a sewerage treatment plan by the local water authority needs the monitoring of reliable sewage tracers, such as faccal sterols, to assess the effectiveness of the plan in reducing the effects of pollution. 相似文献
3.
对海南岛周边海域表层沉积物中7种分散元素镓(Ga)、锗(Ge)、铷(Rb)、铊(Tl)、镉(Cd)、碲(Te)和硒(Se)的分布与富集特征,及其与沉积物粒度、总有机碳和有机氮的相关性进行了较系统的分析,并分别利用内梅罗综合指数法和污染负荷指数法对这些元素的污染情况进行了初步评价。结果表明,分散元素的富集与沉积物粒度、有机碳和有机氮的含量有密切关系,除Te外,其它6种分散元素均表现出在粉砂或黏土质,以及有机碳和有机氮含量高的沉积物中趋于富集;沉积物的分散元素污染总体上呈轻微程度,但在局部海域(如海南岛西北部、西部、东南部近海海域以及陵水和三亚段海域)接近中等污染程度,说明这些区域受人类活动的影响较大,应引起海洋环境保护主管部门的重视。 相似文献
4.
海南小海表层沉积环境及重金属污染综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2008年在海南小海采集的30个表层沉积物样品,对其进行了TP、TN、TOC、石油类和Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As重金属元素含量的测定,并采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对该区重金属的污染程度进行了评价,结果显示:(1)研究区表层沉积物中TP含量呈中部高沿岸带低的特征,这可能是由于沿岸带初级生产力高于小海中部,所消耗的磷营养盐较多的缘故;TOC和TN的含量则表现为与TP含量分布相反的特征,即沿岸带高而中部低,这可能是由于沿岸带人为活动对小海沿岸碳、氮元素含量的影响较大的缘故。Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr和As 7种重金属元素均表现出在小海中部附近海域和北坡镇沿岸带出现高值,而在小海北边入口处和梅开-英豪沿岸带出现低值的分布特征,这可能与在北坡镇附近的工业区排水时向该海域输入了含有这些重金属元素的污染物所致,而其它区域则受工业排污影响较小,也可能与入海口的潮汐水动力的稀释作用有关。(2)研究区综合污染指数(ISQJ)、潜在生态危害污染指数(ERI)的最大值分别为2.283和240.0,平均值也较高,分别达1.494和151.0,各重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数(Eri)大小顺序为:Hg>Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Zn,反映出研究区将达到中等污染程度的现状,而某些海域的污染程度已达到重污染水平,研究区受Hg和Cd元素污染较为严重。由此可见,小海的沉积环境已受到较为严重的破坏,未来该海域应该重视重金属Hg和Cd元素的污染治理,以避免小海沉积环境的进一步恶化。 相似文献
5.
The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, As, Mn and Co were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry both in recent sediments from different locations of the Huelva littoral (SW Iberian Peninsula) and in their humic acid (HA) fractions in order to evaluate distribution and binding capacity of those trace elements to HAs. In addition, elemental composition (C, N, S) and δ13C values were determined to appraise the sources of organic matter in the area. This study involved the comparison of selected samples taken from different environments including the estuary of the Guadiana River, the main fluvial system of the region, the Tinto and Odiel estuary system and the proximal shelf. Significant positive correlations were found among Cu, Zn, As and Pb in bulk sediments, suggesting a common origin of all of those elements: the mining activities and pyrite deposits located hinterland. On the other hand, results for Cr, Co and Ni pointed to the basic rocks from the low basin of the Guadiana River as their main source. Elemental (C, N) and isotopic (δ13C) composition of sediments indicated a significant contribution of autochthonous plankton in coastal shelf sediments, whereas estuarine and riverine sediments showed a major contribution of terrestrial biomass. Geochemical values for their corresponding HAs suggested a greater terrestrial contribution in the sedimentary OM of the coastal shelf sediments than in bulk sediments, which evidenced the influence of coastal currents and sediment fluxes. Humic acids sequester considerable amounts of Cu and Zn contributing to reduce the bioavailability of these contaminants. 相似文献
6.
The fish fauna of the Berg River Estuary was sampled from the mouth to 40 km upstream using a small-meshed seine-net before (summer 1993), during (summer 1994) and after (summer 1996) a low-oxygen, hydrogen sulphide “black tide” event that caused a mass mortality of fish in St Helena Bay. These data were compared to determine how the species composition, abundance and distribution of the fish fauna of the Berg River Estuary differed before, during and after the event as well as to ascertain which species, if any, found refuge in the estuary. The overall catch-per-unit-effort of 1637 fish.haul−1 during the event was almost double the 932 fish.haul−1 and 643 fish.haul−1 in the years before and after respectively. All the fish recorded alive in the estuary during the event were species known to have some degree of estuarine association. No representatives of the purely marine species found dead on the adjacent shoreline were recorded live in the estuary during the event. Of the 10 estuarine-associated species sampled, 5 extended their range and/or modal peaks of abundance further upstream during the event. One species, Liza richardsonii, was abundant enough to examine its size distribution in different breaches of the estuary. Large/adult fish were concentrated further upstream than small/juvenile fish, which appeared to be unable to escape tidal currents and were concentrated at the edge of the low-oxygen front. Collectively this circumstantial evidence indicates that (1) fish used the Berg Estuary as a refuge from low-oxygen conditions in the marine environment during the “black tide” event, and (2) the ability to secure refuge in the estuary was restricted to species described as “estuarine-associated” or “estuarine-dependent”. 相似文献
7.
The Bengal fan is the largest submarine fan in the world that has formed as a result of high sediment transport from the Himalaya by the Ganga–Brahmaputra river system. The Himalaya was formed as a result of the collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates. The initiation of this collision known as “soft” collision occurred around 59 Ma, whereas, the major collision, known as “hard” collision took place around 15 Ma ago. Prior to the collision, sediments into the Bay of Bengal were derived from the northwest by relatively smaller river system like Mahanadi–Godavari. The switching of river systems with time was not distinct but gradational. In the post- collision period, the sediment input from the NW was masked in most instances because of rapid sediment supply from the Himalaya to the north. Pre-collisional sediment dispersal pattern from the NW was largely affected by pre-existing basement high known as 85°E Ridge; this ridge was submerged during the post-collisional period. Post-collisional sediments are commonly referred to as the Bengal fan sediments and show huge accumulation along the shelf and beyond. High resolution 2D seismic data acquired along a corridor covering the upper, middle and distal parts of the present day active Bengal fan system indicates that the fan has prograded southward with time because of continuously increasing sediment supply and has, therefore, masked the effect of eustacy. The present day geometry of the fan shows a single active canyon and an associated single active fan. The active channel shows typical meandering pattern that shifts laterally with time. The seismic facies analysis indicates that both the pre- and post-collision basin has significant hydrocarbon potential. The thermogenic model is best suited for modeling source rock maturity in the pre-collision basin whereas both biogenic and thermogenic models best explain source rock maturity in the post-collision, younger Bengal fan. The wedge out against the 85°E Ridge is considered to be one of the important play types for hydrocarbon exploration in the deeper part of the basin. On the other hand, the channel levee complexes and frontal splay/basin floor fan are the possible target areas for petroleum exploration in relatively younger Bengal fan deposits. 相似文献
8.
Heavy metal analysis of the < 20 μm fraction of marine sediments from Wellington Harbour and Waiwhetu Stream have shown that the Waiwhetu Stream is easily the most polluted area in the Wellington Harbour system with Pb and Zn in the extremely polluted category and Cu, Cd, and Hg in the moderately to strongly polluted category. These elements have different distributions in the stream sediments reflecting their different sources from adjacent factories. In Wellington Harbour itself, the central basin of the harbour suffers from minimal pollution. Pb, and to a lesser extent Zn and Cu, are the main pollutants and local enrichment of these elements is noted in Lambton Harbour basin, off Pencarrow and Moa Point outfalls, in Evans Bay, and off Petone and Kaiwharawhara. The geochemical data do not enable us to identify the source of the pollutants unambiguously. A summary of the history of waste discharges into the harbour suggests that heavy metal pollution may have been higher in the past. 相似文献
9.
辽东湾表层沉积物的重金属污染特征与质量评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文研究了辽东湾表层沉积物中重金属的分布及污染特征，评价其生态风险及环境质量。对辽东湾表层沉积物8种重金属（As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）的空间分布进行了研究，采用Hankanson法和Igeo（地累积指数）分析了该海域重金属潜在生态风险，并评价了该海域的环境质量。在辽东湾葫芦岛附近海域、西南部六股河口东南部海域以及西部近岸海域表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn含量偏高。地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致，辽东湾生态环境具有潜在危害的重金属主要是Cd、Hg和As，8种重金属潜在生态风险系数由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni和Cr，各站位重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均大于150，生态风险总体上处于中等生态风险等级。Cd和Hg是该海域沉积物重金属中主要污染物，局部区域达到中、中-强污染程度。环境质量评价表明，辽东湾表层沉积物重金属引发有害生物效应的可能性不大，但Cd和Hg显著富集，应予以重视。 相似文献
10.
《Marine environmental research》2011,71(5):336-342
Denitrification may play a major role in inorganic nitrogen removal from estuarine ecosystems, particularly in those subjected to increased nitrate and organic matter loads. The Douro estuary (NW Portugal) suffers from both problems: freshwater input of nitrate and organic load from untreated wastewater discharges. To assess how these factors might control sediment denitrification, a 12-month survey was designed. Denitrification potential and nitrous oxide (N2O) production were measured at different locations using the slurry acetylene blockage technique. Denitrification rate ranged from 0.4 to 38 nmol N g−1 h−1, increasing towards the river mouth following an urban pollution gradient. N2O production, a powerful greenhouse gas implicated on the destruction of the ozone layer, was significantly related with sediment organic matter and accounted for 0.5–47% of the N gases produced. Additional enrichment experiments were consistent with the results found in the environment, showing that sediments from the upper less urban stretch of the estuary, mostly sandy, respond positively to carbon and, inversely, in organic rich sediments from the lower estuary, the denitrification potential was limited by nitrate availability. The obtained results confirmed denitrification as an important process for the removal of nitrate in estuaries. The presence of wastewater discharges appears to stimulate nitrogen removal but also the production of N2O, a powerful greenhouse gas, exacerbating the N2O:N2 ratio and thus should be controlled. 相似文献
11.
秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中微塑料和重金属污染特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于密度分离原理，利用饱和NaCl溶液对秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中的微塑料进行了浮选和分离提取，采用显微红外光谱方法分析附着在滤膜上的微塑料颗粒形貌和材质。结合扫描电子显微镜?能谱仪(Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometer，SEM-EDS)对微塑料样品进行微观形貌观察及微区成分的分析。并采用地累积指数(Geo Accumulation Indexes，Igeo)和富集系数(Enrichment Factors，EF)分析砂质沉积物中重金属Hg、Cd和Pb污染水平和富集特点。分析砂质沉积物中烧失量(Loss on Ignition，LOI)、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon，TOC)、总氮(Total Nitrogen，TN)以及碳氮的稳定同位素组成(δ13C和δ15N)，探讨有机质的可能来源。结果表明:秦皇岛近岸海域潮间带砂质沉积物中有纤维类、发泡类、薄膜类3种微塑料，以纤维类的微塑料为主。微塑料表层富集有Si、Al、Mg、Fe和Ca等元素。沉积物中Hg和Cd富集水平较高，Pb富集水平较低。沉积物TOC和TN含量较低，LOI为TOC的1.6倍，δ13C、δ15N和TOC/TN的数值范围均显示有机质以海洋浮游植物藻类等海源为主。 相似文献
12.
This paper examines disposal of metals and the origin, characteristics, and distribution of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) in a Mediterranean karstic estuary in the north-eastern Adriatic. This environment offers a real-time, small model system for studies of geochemical processes in microtidal Mediterranean estuaries that are infilling with sediments and classified as river-dominated disequilibrium estuaries. The results have shown that the longitudinal distribution of heavy metals in sediments follows the sedimentation dynamics and deposition pattern of river-borne, clay mineral particles. The highest concentration of metals was found in the restricted upper part of the estuary, characterized by rapid deposition of clay particles and terrestrial sedimentary organic matter, and decreases toward the open sea. The vertical distribution of metals in sediment cores depends on the prevailing pH and Eh conditions. Significant increases of the concentrations of metals in the uppermost strata are the result of recent anthropogenic inputs. The share of the terrestrial component in SOM, estimated by N/Corg atomic ratios and δ13C values, decreases with distance from the river mouth. The small vertical variation in δ13C values of SOM indicates that a fast sedimentation rate overrides the diagenetically determined decomposition. The results obtained indicate that river-borne inorganic particles, natural terrigenous organic material, and anthropogenic metal loads are trapped in sediments of the estuarine system. Under the prevailing conditions, there is negligible transport towards the open sea. 相似文献
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14.
Spatial and vertical distributions of elements in sediments of the Colorado River delta and Upper Gulf of California 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Evgueni N. Shumilin Jos D. Carriquiry Víctor F. Camacho-Ibar Dmitry Sapozhnikov Stepan Kalmykov Alberto Snchez Sergio Aguíiga-García Yuri A. Sapozhnikov 《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(3-4)
The abundance of major components (Fe, Ca, K, and organic carbon) and trace elements was analyzed in surface sediments and core samples from the Colorado River delta (CRD) and the Upper Gulf of California (UGC) using instrumental neutron activation analysis.The spatial distribution patterns of the elements studied are consistent with the model of sedimentary dynamics proposed for this area [Mar. Geol. 158 (1999) 125]: intense tidal resuspension of sediments in the delta with subsequent transport of suspended particulate matter in a southerly direction, followed by sedimentation of fine-grained material in a depocenter near the southwestern margin of the UGC. Concentrations of most of the elements are higher in the surface sediments of this depocenter. The gradual mixing of terrigenous and marine biogenic materials, normally expected for the estuarine sediments, was not detected in the CRD–UGC system because of homogenization of the sediments by tides and wind.Vertical profiles of element contents in samples of the sediment core collected in the depocenter area revealed (i) almost no anthropogenic contamination of the area by environmentally important trace elements such as Cr, Co, Sb, and As; (ii) a twofold decrease of Fe, Sc, Cr, and Co in upper core sediments; and (iii) the enrichment of the sediments at 60–62 cm depth in the core, in calcium carbonate, Ca, Sr, and the Eun/Smn shale-normalized ratio along with a depletion in this layer of Fe, Sc, Cr, Co, light rare-earth elements (REEs), and some other elements of terrigenous origin, presumably caused by the dilution of fluvial terrigenous material by biogenic carbonates, which were probably introduced at this level in the sediments by the action of a strong episodic winter storm, followed by the advective transport of shell fragments from the coastal clam banks or as a result of strong planktonic bloom. 相似文献
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16.
东海季节性低氧海区柱状沉积物中氧化还原敏感元素对沉积环境变化的响应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
氧化还原敏感元素(Redox Sensitive Elements，RSE)如V、Cr、Mo、U等，通常在氧化条件下呈溶解态，在还原沉积环境中除Fe、Mn外，RSE被还原成低价态转移至沉积物中富集积累，因此可以利用氧化还原敏感元素在沉积物中的富集情况反演沉积环境的氧化还原状况。本文通过研究东海内陆架季节性低氧海区Zb7沉积柱中氧化还原敏感元素V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、U的垂直分布、富集特征和比值，探究沉积环境氧化还原状况；发现RSE/Al和富集系数自1978年以来呈增加的趋势，但自2009年开始有所降低，整体RSE富集系数均小于3，未见明显富集。RSE比值V/Cr<2、Ni/Co<5、U/Th<0.75、0.25<(Cu+Mo)/Zn<0.55，以及MoEF/UEF比值主要分布在0.08～0.3倍海水Mo/U值之间，均指示氧化的沉积环境。RSE/Al与Fe/Al、Mn/Al具有显著的相关性，表明RSE在剔除陆源碎屑输入后，主要通过与Fe、Mn氧化物结合进入沉积物，也指示氧化的沉积环境。研究结果与该区域溶解氧历史数据反映的季节性低氧结果不一致，可能与RSE在夏季季节性低氧时，沉积物中的富集信号在秋冬季溶氧水平恢复后缺失有关。尽管RSE不能有效指示东海季节性低氧环境，但Zb7沉积柱RSE在1978年后富集程度的增加以及2011年后的降低，在一定程度上反映了该区域自1978年后季节性低氧程度加重，2009年后又有所缓解的变化趋势。 相似文献
17.
Kongtae Ra Joung-Keun Kim Sang Hee Hong Un Hyuk Yim Won Joon Shim Seung-Yong Lee Young-Ok Kim Jaesoo Lim Eun-Soo Kim Kyung-Tae Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2014,49(3):279-289
Heavy metal concentrations in the surface sediments of specially managed Ulsan Bay were investigated to determine metal distribution, pollution status and its ecological risk using pollution indices (enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index), potential ecological risk index and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). The order of mean concentration (mg/kg) of metals was Zn (361.9) > Cu (95.6) > Pb (90.7) > Cr (64.7) > Ni (32.2) > Co (16.6) > As (15.8) > Cd (0.40) > Hg (0.16) in sediments of Ulsan Bay. Spatial distribution of metals in sediments showed a significantly higher concentration near industrial complexes, indicating that metal pollution is caused by anthropogenic sources. The results of enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) showed that sediments were significantly accumulated with Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg, indicating moderate to very severe enrichment (pollution) by these metals. Based on the potential ecological risk index, Hg and Cd posed a very high and a considerable potential ecological risk. Cu and As posed a moderate potential ecological risk, while, other metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Zn and Pb) rarely posed any potential ecological risk to the coastal environments. The sediments in Ulsan Bay showed a very high level of ecological risk, dominated by Hg and Cd. Metal concentrations in sediments were 80% for Cu, 96.7% for Zn, 50% for As, 70% for Pb and 50% for Hg above the threshold effects level (TEL), respectively. 相似文献
18.
对取自渤海湾的307个表层沉积物进行了元素测试和粒度分析。渤海湾表层沉积物的常微量元素呈现4种组合:富集于粗粒沉积区的SiO_2、Na_2O亲碎屑元素组合;富集于细粒沉积区的以Al_2O_3和重金属元素为代表的亲黏土元素组合;与缺氧环境有关的MnO、V、TOC元素组合和与河流输入有关的陆源CaO、TiO_2元素组合。粒度粗细主导了渤海湾元素含量分布的整体格局;海域河流物源供应不同较大影响了渤海湾南部(富Na_2O、CaO和SiO_2)和北部(富Ba和P_2O_5)在元素含量上的差异;高流速潮流对海底的冲刷再分配导致曹妃甸南侧Sr、Ca元素的条带状富集异常;有机质在细粒沉积区的富集导致缺氧环境的形成和K_2O、Mn、V、自生黄铁矿的海洋自生化学沉积;人类活动导致以Pb为代表的重金属污染在河流入海口、港口及沿岸海域的元素分布异常;曹妃甸沙坝内侧的泻湖(海洋钙质生物沉积)与沙坝外侧水下岸坡(陆源碎屑沉积)的截然不同的物源,导致了独特地貌沉积环境下元素分布的局部差异。 相似文献
19.
研究了珠江口贫氧区表层沉积物中Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Fe和Mn含量的相互关系;探讨它们在迁移和固-液平衡过程相互作用的特征;研究了沉积物的环境因素和重要组分对其沉积-溶解作用的影响;研究了表层沉积物对它们的富集作用。结果发现,沉积物对Cu,Pb,Zn和Cd的富集系数(K)排列次序为K_(Cd)>K_(Pb)>K_(Cu)>K_(Zn)。K_(Cd)大于对照区和长江口的相应值。此结果说明,上述区域的表层沉积物中可能有自生的CdS。且贫氧水的表层沉积物中Fe,Mn,Cu,Pb和Cd的地球化学特性尚未有显著的改变。 相似文献
20.
Olga Hadz̆ija Mladen Jurac̆ić Marija Luić Maja Tonković Biserka Jeric̆ević 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(5):701-709
The investigation of mineral, granulometric and chemical composition of sediments of the River Krka estuary (Yugoslavia) were performed in order to elucidate the origin of the sediments and the pattern of sedimentation. Estuarine surface sediments were found to be fine-grained with a bimodal distribution. Environmental conditions in estuarine sediments favour conservation of the organic matter (anoxic conditions). The carbohydrates in the sediments were investigated to determine whether they are of terrigenous or authigenous origin. Glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, glucosamine and glucuronic acid were detected in the sediments. Their mutual relationship indicates a preferentially terrigenous source of sedimented organic material in estuarine sediments. 相似文献