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本文通过现场采集盘锦芦苇湿地不同植被状态区域土壤样品,测定土壤中石油降解菌数量、酶活性和石油烃含量,研究了河口湿地不同芦苇植被状况下石油降解微生物活性的分布特征及影响因素,并探讨了芦苇湿地自然净化能力特征.结果表明,盘锦湿地石油降解微生物活性与湿地芦苇的植被状况相关,芦苇的存在明显提高了石油降解微生物的活性,促进了湿地中石油污染物的降解;脱氢酶活性与石油烃含量极显著正相关(P＜0.01),脱氢酶活性可代表土壤中石油降解过程的生物活性状态;土壤中的N、P含量、pH值和含水率是影响微生物活性的主要因素,芦苇根际可以改善土壤理化性质而有利于微生物的生长.人工恢复芦苇增强了土壤中石油降解生物活性,提高了湿地净化能力,是保护河口湿地生态功能的有效措施.研究结果可为河口湿地石油污染物的生物净化能力研究及生物修复效果评估提供科学依据. 相似文献
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芦苇湿地酶活性动态变化及其与净化功能相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄河三角洲某湿地处理系统为例,测定了造纸废水灌溉芦苇湿地过程中酶活性动态变化及其与废水污染物去除率、基质微生物的相关性.结果表明:脱氢酶、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性与废水COD去除率、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别与废水TN,TP去除率呈显著正相关(r>0.8);湿地酶活性在土壤中的垂直分布为上层>中层>下层,其中磷酸酶和脱氢酶层间差异最大.湿地酶活性及微生物数量受季节影响明显,在8,9月最高;废水灌溉后湿地酶活性、MBC/TOC、基质呼吸强度等大幅提高,盐碱生态系统得到改良;经综合评价,确定恒定流运行模式(w1)为推荐造纸废水灌溉工艺. 相似文献
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通过自然跌水方式调节人工湿地系统中的溶解氧(DO)含量,探讨在不同氧浓度条件下湿地对污染物的去除效率以及湿地微生物群落组成的变化。结果表明,在不同溶解氧浓度条件下,DO值越大,污染物去除率越高。在跌水复氧DO值达到8mg/L后,COD的去除率达到86.56%,与对照组相比提高了2.14倍;氨氮的去除率达到94.70%;总氮的去除率达到91.00%;总磷的去除率达到80.13%。高通量测序分析发现,随着溶解氧浓度的提高,湿地表层土壤中变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门的微生物丰度有所下降,而拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的微生物丰度种类增多。由此可见,溶解氧浓度越高越有利于污染物质的去除,土壤微生物种类对溶解氧的变化有明显的响应。 相似文献
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为了解大连新港7.16溢油事故发生后5年间大连湾受污染海区生态恢复程度,同时探究大连湾表层海水和沉积物中微生物对石油污染的长期响应策略,对大连湾表层海水和沉积物中石油烃含量的分布、异养细菌和石油烃降解菌丰度的年度变化特征,以及细菌丰度与环境因子间相关性进行了研究。结果表明,溢油事故发生后2年间,大连湾表层海水中石油烃含量由溢油初期2010年9月的0.22~0.67 mg/L降到0.0025~0.05 mg/L(2012年5月),海水质量也由三类海水转变为一类海水;沿岸站位BQ012表层沉积物中石油烃含量也由2011年12月的7 133μg/g降低到2014年的926μg/g,其表层沉积物质量也由三类转变为一类沉积物质量标准。溢油后2个月内表层海水中异养细菌及石油烃降解菌丰度升高至105CFU/m L和104CFU/m L,随着时间推移各站位细菌丰度基本呈下降趋势,5年后细菌丰度回落了1~2个数量级并恢复到溢油前的历史水平。表层沉积物中石油烃降解菌丰度由溢油后2个月的105CFU/g降低到2013年的102CFU/g。石油烃降解菌与异养细菌的比值(HDB/HB)与石油烃含量呈极显著的正相关(P0.01),而与营养盐和溶解氧等主要环境因子相关性不大,因此认为其可作为海水中石油烃类污染评价的指标。 相似文献
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研究了黑鲷(Sparusmacro cephalus)在实验生态条件下暴露于不同浓度苯并(a)芘(benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)后,肝脏乙氧基异吩噁唑酮脱乙基酶(EROD)活性在不同暴露时相的动力学变化情况.EROD活性采用动力学方法测定.实验结果表明,暴露于较低质量浓度BaP(0.5,1.0μg/L)黑鲷肝脏的EROD活性在2 d后极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),2.0μg/L组则在2 h后极显著高于对照组,并且随暴露时间的延长,诱导程度表现出不同的下降趋势,而暴露于高质量浓度组(5.0 μg/L)的肝脏EROD活性极显著性诱导出现在12h.总体上较高质量浓度组(2.0,5.0μg/L)EROD活性出现极显著性诱导的时间比低质量浓度组(0.5,1.0μg/L)早,诱导程度也比低质量浓度组的高.在净化实验中各暴露组肝脏EROD活性均下降,与空白对照组比较均没有显著性差异,说明试验浓度没有超出严重损伤肝脏自身恢复系统的范围,在此浓度范围内污染的鱼通过净化可清除BaP污染. 相似文献
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以北戴河碱蓬-芦苇滨海湿地采集的5个根际土壤样品为研究材料,使用以原油为唯一碳源的选择培养基富集培养石油降解菌,采用重量法评价降解效率,通过GC-MS分析研究高效降解菌的降解特性,利用排油圈法测定降解菌的表面活性剂产生能力。研究结果表明,初筛获得22株石油降解菌,在25℃降解21d的条件下对石油的降解率为17%～38%,其中qhd2B降解率最高,为38%,其中8株具有较好的产表面活性剂的能力。16s测序结果经BLAST比对,所分离获得的22株菌中,8株菌属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria),13株菌属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria),有一株拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丽水菌属(Yeosuana)。选取石油降解率在31%以上菌株进行GC-MS分析,结果显示其对大部分烷烃和多环芳香烃都有较好的降解效果。其中菌株qhd2B对烷烃和芳烃的总降解率分别为79.9%和76.7%,是一株优良的石油降解菌。 相似文献
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Monthly collected water samples from two different stations in the Xiamen Harbor in one whole year were analysed for crude oil and diesel oil degradation by nature microbe flora. The results indicate that the difference between degradation rates of the two stations is related to the material type, temperature, oil degradation bacteria counts of the environment and season. The degradation velocity of diesel and crude oil in seawater is influenced by microbial degradation time. The calculated degradation velocity of crude oil and diesel oil by natural microbe flora in Xiamen Harbor sea areas based on the measured degradation rates were 0.02-0.19g/d·m2and0.004-0.61 g/d·m2 respectively. This provides, to a certain extent, a scientific basis for preliminary evaluation of the oil pollutant purification capacity of the described sea areas. 相似文献
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通过溶胶-凝胶法,以CNTS-TiO2为前驱物制备了Li+掺杂CNTS-TiO2的纳米复合光催化剂(以下均称为Li+/CNTS-TiO2),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段对光催化剂进行表征,结果表明制得的催化剂为纳米材料且在TiO2的基础上增大了比表面积。利用掺杂量为3%的Li+掺杂CNTS-TiO2复合光催化剂(以下均称为3%Li+/CNTS-TiO2)光催化降解海洋柴油污染,在可见光条件下考察了Li+掺杂量、煅烧温度、光催化剂投加量、柴油初始质量浓度、光催化反应时间、H2O2质量浓度等条件对光催化实验的影响。进行正交实验,确定最优化工艺条件为:Li+掺杂量为3%,光催化剂的煅烧温度为600 ℃,3%Li+/CNTS-TiO2的投加量为0.1 g/L,降解柴油初始质量浓度为0.4 g/L,光催化反应时间为3 h,H2O2质量浓度为0.6 g/L,降解率可以达到95%以上。同时对此光催化剂进行应用试验,试验结果表明光催化剂去除效果优异,去除率可达91.87%。 相似文献
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海洋环境中微塑料和多环芳烃(PAHs)污染日益严重,以滤食动物菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为研究对象,探讨了聚苯乙烯微塑料和芘单一及联合暴露对菲律宾蛤仔的毒性效应.分别采用两个聚苯乙烯微塑料粒径(0.3μm和6μm,20 μg/L)和两个芘浓度水平(10 μg/L和100μg/L)单独和联合暴露21d,测定其对菲律宾蛤仔生理活动(肥满度和摄食率)、免疫防御、氧化应激等相关生物标志物的影响.研究结果表明,除芘单一暴露组外,其余暴露组菲律宾蛤仔的摄食率与对照组相比都显著降低,但这两种污染物对菲律宾蛤仔的肥满度没有显著影响.微塑料和芘暴露均导致菲律宾蛤仔免疫功能受损,表现为血细胞凋亡率增加和吞噬活性被抑制;其中,在小粒径微塑料和高浓度芘存在的暴露组血细胞凋亡率均显著高于对照组,并且二者联合暴露组血细胞凋亡率最高;除大粒径微塑料暴露组外,各暴露组血细胞吞噬活性均显著低于对照组.菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶系统不能及时清除体内产生的自由基,导致机体出现氧化损伤现象,表现为抗氧化酶活性变化和丙二醛(MDA)含量升高.微塑料和芘联合暴露导致鳃组织谷胱甘肽疏基转移酶(GST)活性显著升高,消化腺组织过氧化氡酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低.综合生物标志物指数(IBR)结果显示,联合暴露对菲律宾蛤仔造成的胁迫压力高于单一暴露组. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in the abundance and activity of the bacterioplankton at sites with varied boating activity, and to determine the response of the communities to additional petroleum pollution. Three sites, including two marinas and a site on Bogue Sound in coastal North Carolina, were selected for monthly experiments. Seasonal patterns of bacterioplanktonic abundance and diesel fuel biodegradation for each site were examined, and possible correlations with intensity of boating activities were explored. Bacterioplanktonic communities at the three sites in this study were more similar in their structure and biodegradation potential than would have been expected from previous studies. We found no differences in the abundance and biodegradation potential of theses communities at the three sites, and only a slightly elevated number of hydrocarbon degraders at one of the marinas. Patterns of biodegradation were more closely related to total bacterial abundance, rather than number of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders. There was a strong seasonal pattern in bacterial abundance and biodegradation at all three sites. The bacterioplanktonic Community at all sites responded similarly to additions of diesel fuel. Bacterial abundance and productivity were both elevated to some extent, and number of petroleum hydrocarbon degraders changed relatively little. These data indicate that marinas may not profoundly after the bacterioplankton and that coastal waters often have resident bacterial communities capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon pollution. 相似文献
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Azra Bozcaarmutlu Canan Sapmaz Zuleyha Aygun Emel Arinç 《Marine environmental research》2009,67(4-5):167-176
Aim of this study was to determine the extent of pollution in the West Black Sea Coast of Turkey by measuring CYP1A associated EROD activity, phase II enzyme, glutathione S-transferase and antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione reductase activities and immunochemical detection of CYP1A protein level in the liver of mullet. The fish samples were caught from six locations having a varying degree of pollution in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey in August 2005, 2006 and 2007. Mullets caught from Zonguldak Harbour, Ere?li Harbour and Gülüç Stream’s Mouth displayed 6–9-fold higher EROD, 2–4-fold higher glutathione S-transferase and 2–3-fold higher catalase activities than the reference site, Amasra. Total polyaromatic hydrocarbon levels in mullets caught from these locations were also significantly higher (2–4-fold) than Amasra. The results of this study indicate that Zonguldak Harbour, Ere?li Harbour and Gülüç Stream are highly polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related contaminants. 相似文献
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Crude oil bioremediation in sub-Antarctic intertidal sediments: chemistry and toxicity of oiled residues 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effectiveness of fertilizers for crude oil bioremediation in sub-Antarctic intertidal sediments was tested over a one-year period in a series of ten (10) experimental enclosures. Chemical, microbial and toxicological parameters demonstrated the effectiveness of various fertilizers in a pristine environment where hydrocarbon degrading bacteria (HDB) had not been stimulated by previous accidental spills or human activities. The low temperature of seawater (3-4 degrees C) had no obvious effects on the HDB community and the bioremediation process. Over 90% of n-alkanes were degraded in the first six months and most light aromatics (2-3 rings) disappeared during the first year of observation. The toxicity of oiled residues (Microtox(R) SP) was significantly reduced in the first 6 months of the process, but it increased again in the last months of the experiment. One of the fertilizers containing fishbone compost enriched with urea, inorganic phosphorus and a lipidic surfactant reduced significantly the toxicity of oil residues in the last 3 months of the experiment. Interstitial waters collected below the oil slicks during the remediation showed no toxicity, and even stimulated Vibrio fischeri. When comparing all fertilizers to the control plots, a good correlation (r(2)=0.82) was found between the growth rate of HDB and the degradation rate of n-alkanes in the first 90 days of the experiment only indicating that fertilizers were efficient for at least 3 months but their beneficial effects were lost after 6 months. 相似文献
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Seasonal variations in the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase [SOD], NADH-DT diaphorase), biotransformation enzyme, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and microsomal lipid peroxidation in digestive tissue of barnacle, Balanus balanoides, from polluted and non-polluted populations have been evaluated. Relationships with accumulated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in barnacle tissues and environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, water pH) were determined. As a general trend, maximum antioxidant enzyme and GST activities were detected in the pre-monsoon period or summer (March-June) followed by a gradual decrease during the monsoon (July October) with a minimum in the post-monsoon period or winter (November February). This pattern was similar to tissue concentrations of PAHs, resulting in a significant positive correlation with antioxidant enzymes, mainly catalase and SOD. Microsomal lipid peroxidation exhibited an almost reverse trend of seasonal variation to that of antioxidant enzyme activities indicating an enhanced susceptibility of barnacle tissues to oxidative stress. Among the environmental parameters, only water temperature seemed to have a significant effect on observed variations of antioxidant enzymes and GST activities. The barnacles from polluted and non-polluted populations exhibited seasonal differences in the activities of all the enzymes studied, particularly catalase, SOD and GST, suggesting the possibility of some biochemical adaptation in organisms from a chronically polluted environment. The results indicated that antioxidant defense components, catalase and SOD, are sensitive parameters that could be useful biomarkers for the evaluation of contaminated aquatic ecosystems. The results also suggested the potentiality of barnacle, B. balanoides, as a bioindicator organism against organic pollution. 相似文献
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室内试验研究小头虫的生物扰动作用对沉积物油污降解的影响。实验在混加定量20~#柴油的小生境中进行6个月。期间对氧化还原电位不连续展(RPD)深度,Eh,烃类氧化菌菌量以及油浓度等参数做了连续测定。结果表明,小头虫的生物扰动作用通过改善沉积物次表层氧含量水平而促进了烃类氧化菌的生长,并因此使得沉积物中油污的生物降解提高了15％。 相似文献