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1.
不同适温海洋富油微藻在富碳培养条件下的油脂积累特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验分别针对3株低温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12、四爿藻Tetraselmis chui ZL-33和小球藻Chlorellasp.ZL-45,3株中温藻株:球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001、等鞭金藻Isochrysis sp.CCMM5002和微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001,3株高温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.JN1、绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis JN2和海洋小球藻Chlorellasp.JN3,研究了在通入0.03%(空气)、5%、10%3个CO2浓度梯度条件下的生长特性,同时考察了其总酯及中性脂的累积情况。结果显示,富碳培养有利于不同温度条件下9株藻株的生长,除微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001最适生长的CO2浓度为5%外,其余8株藻株最适生长的CO2浓度均为10%。在低温和高温条件下,6株海洋富油微藻在通入10%CO2时具有最大生物量产率,在中温条件下球等鞭金藻和等鞭金藻在通入10%CO2时获得最大生物量产率,而微拟球藻在通入5%时获得最大生物量产率,随着CO2浓度的增加,9株藻株的总脂含量和中性脂含量有明显提高。低温和中温藻株的总脂含量高于高温藻株的总脂含量,从中性脂的累积规律来看,9株藻株均在平台期的累积达到最大值,GC-MS分析结果表明,9株微藻适合制备生物柴油的C14~C18系脂肪酸相对含量在不同CO2条件下基本保持不变,维持在90%左右。实验结果显示,所研究的藻株作为富油高固碳优良藻株,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。 相似文献
2.
温度对四种产油微藻生长和油脂特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用气相质谱联用技术对三株海水微藻—三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum,CCMM2012)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris,CCMM4004)、微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.,CCMM6004),和一株淡水微藻—栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda,CCMM4002)在不同温度下的生长及油脂变化规律进行研究。结果表明:三角褐指藻、小球藻和栅藻在20℃下的油脂产率最大,分别为2.94、5.79和5.83mg/L/d,它们在20℃的培养条件下比较适合应用于生物能源开发;而微拟球藻在25℃下油脂产率最大,达6.45mg/L/d,因此此温度下更适合用于生物能源开发。三角褐指藻在15℃条件下DHA和EPA含量最多,为16.47%,而微拟球藻在25℃下DHA和EPA最多,为22.74%;因此三角褐指藻和微拟球藻在15℃和25℃下均比较适合应用于多不饱和脂肪酸的开发,而小球藻和栅藻的EPA和DHA含量在三个温度下普遍较少,不适合用于多不饱和脂肪酸的开发。 相似文献
3.
微拟球藻Nannochloropsis被认为是具有作为生物柴油原料开发潜力的微藻。为了能够实现工业化生产,有效地利用基因工程或遗传操作手段改造微藻,提高产量,建立稳定有效的遗传转移方法十分必要。本研究以微拟球藻本源β-tublin基因启动子和三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutm fcpA终止子驱动和终止来源于细菌的sh ble抗性选择基因,构建了一个转化载体pHB4857。将pHB4857以电转移的方法转化海洋富油微拟球藻Nannochloropsis gaditana CCAP849/5。结果显示,转化子可以在3μg·mL-1 zeocin的抗性培养基中生长,PCR检测sh ble基因为100%插入率,转化效率为1.25×10-6。DNA印迹杂交结果表明,外源基因是以随机整合的方式一个或多个拷贝插入到宿主核基因组中的,大多数转化子中的外源基因的整合是完整的。转化子在抗性培养基中每10天传一代,连续传代7个月以上,未检测到抗性基因丢失现象,外源抗性基因可以在宿主细胞中稳定存在。 相似文献
4.
微藻固碳是一种新型节能减排技术，具有长期可持续发展的潜力。本文对两株富油微藻（球等鞭金藻和微拟球藻）进行了富碳培养下生长特性及中性脂积累特性的研究。两株富油微藻的最佳培养条件为10%CO2浓度和f培养基。本研究对两株富油微藻的最大生物量产率、总脂含量、最大油脂产率、微藻的C含量和CO2固定率进行了测定。球等鞭金藻的各参数指标分别为：142.42±4.58g/（m2·d），39.95%±0.77%，84.47±1.56g/（m2·d），45.98%±1.75%和33.74±1.65g/（m2·d）。微拟球藻的各参数指标分别为：149.92±1.80g/（m2·d），37.91%±0.58%，89.90±1.98g/（m2·d），46.88%±2.01%和34.08±1.32g/（m2·d）。实验结果显示，两株海洋微藻均属于高固碳优良藻株，适合应用于微藻烟气减排技术开发，具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。 相似文献
5.
在75g/L浓度的硫酸镁溶液中发现了一株生长良好的单细胞绿藻。为了解这株特殊微藻的系统进化学分类地位和潜在利用价值,本文结合了分子系统学方法和形态特征,并测定其不同盐环境下的光合效率,以探讨其对于硫酸镁盐的耐受机理。结果表明,基于该藻株18S及ITS r DNA序列构建的系统进化树确认其隶属于胶球藻属。该株藻细胞为椭圆形、具有较小的长宽比、色素体多为分叶的2瓣和无明显胶被等特征与胶球形胶球藻较接近,系统发育分析显示其与伪胶球藻株系和与地衣Peltigerales共生株系亲缘关系较近。对该藻不同培养条件下的耐受特征做出初步探索,结果表明其对硫酸镁有着独特的单盐抗性,并可以耐受蒸馏水环境。这些特性表明该藻株有良好的抗杂藻污染特性,具有潜在应用前景。 相似文献
6.
微拟球藻的水产饵料效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过人工高密度培养微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis salina),对比研究了该藻作为直接饵料在栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)育苗和间接饵料在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)育苗中的应用效果。结果表明,微拟球藻生长迅速、细胞颗粒小、富含EPA等不饱和脂肪酸、营养比较全面,同时具有较厚细胞壁的特点。通过不同的光生物反应器和高密度培养技术,可以比较容易地实现微拟球藻的高密度培养,藻液细胞密度维持在5~15亿个/mL的高密度水平,最高达到36亿/mL。藻体叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量因培养条件不同而有差异,其中每个细胞内的叶绿素含量在8.60×10-13g±0.65×10-13g,类胡萝卜素含量在1.45×10-13g±0.12×10-13g。作为直接或间接饵料,微拟球藻在不同水产动物培育中的应用效果差异性很大。其中,微拟球藻作为饵料直接投喂栉孔扇贝幼虫,虽可被摄食但不容易消化,造成食物在栉孔扇贝幼苗胃内滞留盈胀,最后出现代谢性饥饿和营养不良现象进一步影响个体生长,该藻在栉孔扇贝幼虫培育中的饵料效果不很理想。相反,利用微拟球藻培育轮虫(Rotifer),然后再将后者投喂牙鲆仔鱼,作为间接饵料微拟球藻不仅大幅提高牙鲆的成活率,同时还明显增加牙鲆的生长速度,是培育仔稚鱼开口饵料轮虫的优质微藻。微拟球藻在不同水产动物育苗中应用效果明显差异的原因,主要在于该藻是否能够被充分消化吸收。因此,有效破碎微拟球藻细胞壁技术和提高消化吸收措施都将推动该藻在水产中的应用。 相似文献
7.
基于熵权的产生物柴油微藻开发潜力评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合青岛地区不同季节室外温度变化特点,采用熵权法对9株微藻利用发电厂废气生产生物柴油的户外开发潜力进行评估。选取油脂产率、油脂组成、CO2耐受性、破壁难易度和温度适应性5项指标,根据实验室测得的数据进行计算,得出春冬季以上5项指标的权重分别为0.261、0.002、0.059、0.211和0.467,而夏秋季以上5项指标的权重分别为0.098、0.001、0.022、0.079和0.801。在此权重的基础上,得出在春冬季节开发潜力最大的藻株为微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12),在夏秋季节开发潜力最大的藻株为球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana C5001)。本方法为户外大规模开发生物柴油的微藻藻种选择提供了一个有效的思路。 相似文献
8.
综合考虑酶混合液处理时间和初始细胞密度两个因素,选取终浓度为4%半纤维素酶和2%崩溃酶的酶混合液对一株海洋经济微藻——微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)进行原生质体的制备与再生,Calcofluor White染料染色可在荧光显微镜下观察到完整的原生质体细胞。实验结果表明:同一初始密度藻细胞酶处理1～3 h制备率较高;酶处理相同时间较高初始密度(2×107～3×107cells/mL)的藻细胞制备率较高,并且原生质体在再生培养基上可再生,生长趋势与野生型细胞一致。考虑到酶处理时间过长或者密度过大会对原生质体的再生产生影响,本实验选择最适酶处理时间为1h,初始细胞密度为2×107cells/mL。 相似文献
9.
为研究使用除草剂Sandoz 9785筛选高EPA微拟球藻的有效性,用添加不同浓度除草剂Sandoz 9785的f/2固体培养基对海洋微拟球藻(Nannochloropsis oceanica)进行处理。当除草剂浓度为58μmol/L时,可抑制99.1%的藻细胞生长,在该除草剂浓度下,筛选获得2株抗除草剂藻株SA1和SA2。将抗性藻株在无除草剂f/2液体培养基中培养到指数期和平台期,分别测定其叶绿素荧光参数。研究显示,PSⅡ的最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_v/F_0)、PSⅡ的实际光能转化效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ光合电子传递效率(ETR)等均高于出发藻株。其中,SA2的比生长速率达到0.199d~(-1),较出发藻株提高了2.31%;SA1的EPA含量较出发藻株藻提高了5.44%,占总脂肪酸含量的27.35%。研究结果表明,使用除草剂Sandoz 9785可有效筛选出EPA含量较高的微拟球藻藻株。 相似文献
10.
《海洋科学》2015,(10)
从微拟球藻高产油藻株IMET1的cDNA中,克隆出一个I型脂酰辅酶A:二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶的编码基因NoDGAT1A,该基因共编码437个氨基酸,与拟南芥I型DGAT的氨基酸序列相似度为38%,且含有至少9段高疏水区。随后,NoDGAT1A被转化入营养缺陷型酿酒酵母三脂酰甘油合成突变株H1246中进行诱导表达。结果表明,在外加二十碳五烯酸(EPA)时,表达No DGAT1A的H1246能够产生三脂酰甘油(TAG),针对其TAG的分析表明,与酵母DGAT相比,表达NoDGAT1A的H1246产生的TAG中含有更多的EPA,说明NoDGAT1A具有更强的合成含EPA的TAG之能力。此外,16:0(63.82%)和18:0(27.98%)是其TAG中主要的脂肪酸链成分,说明NoDGAT1A合成的TAG侧链仍以长链饱和脂肪酸为主。NoDGAT1A对微拟球藻中TAG的合成具有重要作用,也为以微拟球藻为模式的产油微藻TAG和EPA代谢网络提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献