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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(3)
根据2011年5月在胶州湾进行的底拖网调查,应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)的饵料组成、营养级及其摄食习性的体长变化进行了研究。结果表明,胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼δ13C值范围为-19.57‰~-17.85‰,平均值为(-18.68±0.41)‰,其δ15N值变化范围为10.75‰~14.41‰,平均值为(13.08±0.76)‰。六丝钝尾虾虎鱼摄食的主要饵料类群为鱼类、蟹类、虾类、软体动物、小型甲壳类、多毛类和有机碎屑,其中小型甲壳类和软体动物对六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的营养贡献率最高,其次为蟹类、多毛类和虾类。经Person相关性检验发现,胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼δ15N值与体长呈显著正相关(P0.05),而δ13C值与体长相关性不显著(P0.05),说明随着体长的增加,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼倾向于摄食高营养级的饵料生物。根据δ15N值计算胶州湾六丝钝尾虾虎鱼的营养级变化范围为3.04~4.12,平均营养级为3.69±0.25,营养级与体长呈显著正相关(P0.05)。 相似文献
2.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(11)
使用套网法在海州湾海域进行了坛子网3种网目尺寸(30、35和40mm)的网囊网目选择性试验。在分析渔获物组成的基础上,基于Logistic选择模型和数量生物量曲线(Abundance-biomass comparison curves,ABC曲线)法,获得了渔获物中主要经济品种小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)和口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria de Haan)的选择性曲线和ABC曲线。结果表明,坛子网网囊网目尺寸为30、35和40mm时,小黄鱼的50%选择体长(L50)分别为7.920、9.503和11.229cm,选择范围(SR)分别为1.975、2.306和3.775cm;鹰爪虾的(L50)值分别为5.400、5.901和7.404cm,其SR值分别为1.283、1.376和1.709cm;口虾蛄的L50值分别为7.844、8.324和9.602cm,其SR值分别为2.680、2.719和2.973cm;随着网目尺寸逐渐增大,小黄鱼、鹰爪虾和口虾蛄选择性指标50%选择体长(L50)和选择范围SR值也随之逐渐增大。3种坛子网试验网囊内ABC曲线W值均小于0,表明针对海州湾目前整体生物群落,网囊网目尺寸需要进一步放大。本研究结果可为中国黄海区渔业资源可持续发展及张网网囊最小网目尺寸的确定提供科学参考。 相似文献
3.
为了评价和改善坛子网的作业性能,本文在网囊前端安装由方形网目网片(网目尺寸分别为35、40、45和50mm)和刚性框架(长80cm,宽60cm)所组成的方形网目逃逸窗装置来释放幼鱼,并利用套网法在海州湾海域开展海上试验。在分析渔获的基础上,运用相对重要性指数、logistic模型等分析方法,获得了坛子网渔获物种类组成、优势种和主要经济渔获物小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)的选择性曲线。研究显示,随着逃逸窗网目尺寸增大,小黄鱼、鹰爪虾的50%选择体长(L50)逐渐增大,且L50的值与逃逸窗网目尺寸呈线性关系;逃逸窗网目尺寸为35、40、45和50mm时,小黄鱼的L50分别为9.27、12.54、13.46和15.94cm,鹰爪虾的L50分别为5.31、6.35、7.73和8.66cm。根据试验结果,结合小黄鱼的最小可捕体长及鹰爪虾第一次性成熟体长,推算小黄鱼和鹰爪虾坛子网方形网目逃逸窗网目尺寸分别为47.7和36.3mm。研究结果可为我国海州湾海区渔具管理以及渔业资源的可持续发展与管理提供技术依据。 相似文献
4.
本文分析了河北省沿海小黄鱼、黄姑鱼、蓝点鲅、牙鲆、半滑舌鳎、鲈鱼、鯒鱼和孔鳐的饵料组成及其相互关系。主要结果有:(1)在饵料组成中,主要的饵料生物是日本鼓虾、脊尾褐虾、虾蛄、中国毛虾、黄鲫、日本鳀鱼、钝尖尾鰕虎鱼和尖尾鰕虎鱼等,这些主要饵料生物基本上都是群众渔业的重要捕捞对象;(2)种间存在不同程度的饵料竞争关系;(3)捕食与被捕食关系分别存在于鲈鱼与小黄鱼、鲈鱼与半滑舌鳎、鯒鱼与小黄鱼的种间。本文从饵料保障的角度,探讨了上述8个经济鱼种资源的恢复与其饵料生物资源的渔业捕捞之间的关系。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(7)
矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)是黄、渤海重要的优势种之一,在近岸生态系统中起着重要作用。本文根据2016年10月和2017年1、5和8月在山东近海进行的底拖网采集的矛尾虾虎鱼样品,对其群体组成、体长-体重关系、摄食、性成熟等渔业生物学特征及其季节变化进行了研究。研究表明:山东近海海域矛尾虾虎鱼体长分布范围为30～225 mm,平均体长为(90.27±28.15)mm,优势体长组为40～130 mm;体重分布范围为0.24～80.84 g,平均体重为(8.90±8.53) g,优势体重组为0～15 g。矛尾虾虎鱼平均体长、平均体重在冬季最大,夏季最小。矛尾虾虎鱼全年体长-体重关系式为W=2.02×10~(-5)L~(2.83)(R~2=0.945 5,n=2 992尾),春季、夏季、秋季及冬季体长-体重关系为W=1.79×10~(-5)L~(2.83),W=1.11×10~(-5)L~(2.97),W=5.39×10~(-5)L~(2.61)和W=3.04×10~(-5)L~(2.74)。矛尾虾虎鱼主要摄食帘蛤科、樱蛤科等瓣鳃类,同时还摄食虾类、多毛类等,其摄食等级主要以1级和2级为主,春季和冬季摄食等级随着体长组增大呈现递增趋势,这一趋势在夏季和秋季不明显。性腺达到Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期的个体主要出现在冬季,表明矛尾虾虎鱼冬季性腺开始发育成熟。研究结果表明矛尾虾虎鱼渔业生物学特征存在明显季节差异,研究结果为进一步研究矛尾虾虎鱼的生物学特征和渔业资源评估提供了生物学资料。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(4)
口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)是海州湾的优势渔业生物之一,在海州湾生态系统中发挥着重要作用。本文根据2011年3、5、7、9和12月在海州湾及邻近海域进行的底拖网调查数据,对口虾蛄的群体结构、资源密度特征、空间分布和环境因子对其分布的影响等方面进行了研究。研究表明,口虾蛄的全年平均体长为(102.20±0.65)mm,5月平均体长最大(105.56±0.95)mm,7月平均体长最小(96.48±2.37)mm;幼体比例5月份最低(8.90%),12月份最高(28.67%);口虾蛄的性比5月和7月小于1,其余月份均大于1.80;渔获量变化趋势为5月12月9月7月3月,渔获尾数为5月12月9月3月7月。Pearson相关分析表明,3、5月相对渔获量与叶绿素a、底层水温均呈显著正相关(P0.05);其他月份口虾蛄的相对渔获量与各影响因子之间的相关性均不显著(P0.05)。研究还发现,口虾蛄的空间分布与底质类型密切相关,口虾蛄主要栖息在砂、砂-粉砂-黏土和黏土质砂类型的底质中。 相似文献
7.
为了分析黄海区虾拖网网囊网目对副渔获物的选择性,运用套网法对30,33,40 mm 3种网目尺寸的网囊进行了选择性试验。用统计学方法求得几种优势副渔物的逃逸率,并用极大似然法对渔获数据进行处理求得相关的选择性参数。结果表明,大部分副渔获物的逃逸率随着网囊网目尺寸的增大而增大,在网目尺寸为30,33,40 mm时矛尾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)的逃逸率分别为48.3%,59.7%和62.6%;细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis tenella)的逃逸率分别为67.0%,68.2%,68.7%。矛尾虎鱼的选择性参数也随着网目尺寸的增大而增大,在网目尺寸为30,33,40 mm时,矛尾虎鱼的50%选择体长L50分别为81.858,86.715和88.028 mm,选择范围SR分别为41.097,45.007和50.423 mm。研究表明,单靠放大网囊网目尺寸来释放虾拖网中副渔获物,效果不甚理想。 相似文献
8.
天津海域春夏季节游泳动物的组成特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据2014年5月及8月在天津海域进行的底拖网调查资料,对该海域游泳动物组成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,在该海域共捕获游泳动物36种,平均资源密度为126 297.13个/km~2和1 494.40 kg/km~2。以个体密度计算群落多样性,Shannon-Wiener种类多样性指数H′平均为1.803,Margalef种类丰富度指数d平均为0.592,Pielou种类均匀度指数J平均为0.537。资源密度及物种多样性,8月均优于5月。优势种为口虾蛄,重要种为火枪乌贼、日本、斑、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼。天津近岸海域游泳动物渔业资源呈现出低质化的趋势。 相似文献
9.
北黄海秋季黄鮟鱇摄食习性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2007年秋季在黄海北部海域进行的定点底拖网调查,对黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)的摄食习性进行了初步研究。结果表明,黄鮟鱇在秋季主要以底层鱼类和虾类为食,优势饵料生物是矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis),其中矛尾虾虎鱼在食物组成中所占的比例最高,是黄鮟鱇最重要的饵料生物。典范对应分析表明,水深、经度和纬度对黄鮟鱇的食物组成有显著影响(P0.05),而体长、性别和性腺成熟度则没有显著影响(P0.05)。黄鮟鱇摄食矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾的体长范围分别是32~152 mm和34~79 mm,平均体长分别为(80.8±1.88)和(53.2±3.11)(S.E.)mm,它与2种饵料生物的体长之间没有显著的相关关系。黄鮟鱇与矛尾虾虎鱼和脊腹褐虾体长的比率分别为1.19~5.14和2.38~6.02,平均值分别为(2.67±0.09)和(4.23±0.29)(S.E.),黄鮟鱇与2种饵料生物体长的比率与黄鮟鱇的体长之间存在极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
10.
为了研究春季长江口外海底层鱼类群聚特征及其与环境因子的关系,我们根据2015年5月长江口外海底层鱼类的调查资料,使用聚类分析(Cluster)、非参数多维标度排序(NMDS)、相似性分析(ANOSIM)、相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)以及典型对应分析(CCA)等方法对资料进行分析。本研究共记录底层鱼类58种,其中鲈形目种类数最多(21种),鲽形目次之。六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)是优势种。底层鱼类可以划分为3个群组—近海组、南部中间组和南部远海组,不同群组的物种组成差异显著。南部中间组和南部远海组的物种多为东海外海种类,这可能是近岸黑潮底层分支影响的结果。物种数、Margalef丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性和Pielou均匀度从近海到与远海呈逐渐增加的趋势。CCA分析表明深度是显著影响底层鱼类的环境因子。短鳄齿鱼(Champsodon snyderi)、丝鳍(Repomucenus virgis)、多棘腔吻鳕(Coelorinchus multispinulosus)等东海外海种类与深度呈正相关,而优势种六丝钝尾虾虎鱼受环境因子影响较小。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
14.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
16.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
17.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
18.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献