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1.
缢蛏对对虾池浮游生物群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９６年５～９月在山东省海阳黄海水产集团公司养虾场,结合缢蛏和中国对虾混养实验,探讨了缢蛏对浮游生物群落结构的影响。结果表明：缢蛏主要滤食２～５μｍ的无鞭毛藻类,从而使隐藻等鞭毛藻类成为浮游植物优势类群;缢蛏滤食原生动物、轮虫等小型浮游动物和大型浮游动物的幼体,并且通过食物竞争来影响大型浮游动物,使浮游动物群落以捕食性和繁殖力强的剑水蚤及其无节幼体为主要成分。 相似文献
2.
滤食性贝类在生态系统中可通过自身生理活动促进系统的物质循环和能量流动,进而影响养殖环境。为从养殖系统底质环境角度为综合养殖系统优化提供依据,建立了4个实验生态系统,即在三疣梭子蟹-日本囊对虾养殖系统中混养3个不同密度的缢蛏(由低到高分别表示为PMB1,PMB2,PMB3),并以三疣梭子蟹-日本囊对虾养殖系统(PM)为对照。通过对不同养殖系统底泥理化性质及小型底栖动物丰度、生物量的比较分析,探究缢蛏不同混养密度对养殖系统底质环境的影响。结果显示,总体而言,试验期间缢蛏高密度混养系统PMB3底泥pH与氧化还原电位(ORP),显著高于其他系统,而底泥有机质含量显著低于其他系统。从小型底栖动物群落物种组成来看,不同养殖系统中线虫在丰度上占主要优势,占总丰度的35.9%~42.7%;介形类在生物量上占最大优势,占总生物量的74.2%~81.1%,PMB3总丰度和总生物量显著高于其他系统。较高混养密度下,缢蛏能通过滤食残饵、粪便等有机物减少底泥有机物质的积累,改善底质环境,提高小型底栖动物丰度和生物量。本试验条件下,根据养殖系统底质环境变化特征,缢蛏放养密度34.7×104 ind./hm2为最优放养密度。 相似文献
3.
草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成变化的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为评估鲢鱼的滤食作用对淡水鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成的影响,2009年在山东省淡水养殖研究所采用围隔将淡水养殖池塘进行分隔,对不同放养比例的草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养围隔内的浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物的组成进行研究。结果显示,草-鲢和草-鲢-鲤混养组中隐藻门的隐藻与硅藻门的小环藻、冠盘藻或针杆藻等交替演变,浮游植物的粒级趋于小型化,<5、5～20和>20μm的浮游植物分别占浮游植物生物量的69%、24%和7%;同时浮游动物也趋于小型化,个体较小的原生动物和轮虫生物量占有相对优势,导致浮游动物生物量降低;草-鲤混养组发生了蓝藻水华,色球藻和螺旋藻大量发生,<5、5～20和>20μm的各粒级对浮游植物生物量的贡献率分别在30%左右。实验中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)范围为18.89～116.27mg/L,平均值为52.49mg/L,颗粒有机物(POM)与SPM含量之比的平均值为50.08%,POM与SPM呈显著正相关(R2=0.188,P<0.01)。 相似文献
4.
5.
罗非鱼放养量对盐碱水微型生态系统浮游生物群落的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
报道了放养不同密度的尼罗罗非鱼 (orecohromis niloticus)对微型生态系统浮游生物影响的研究结果。罗非鱼的放养量为 5个水平 (0～ 8.12 kg· m-3 )。结果表明 ,随着罗非鱼放养量的增大 ,蓝藻、金藻、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类的量、p H、和 TN:TP比值下降 ;相反 ,绿藻、硅藻、原生动物、浮游植物叶绿素 a含量、浊度、总碱度、电导率、TN和 TP均增加 ;而在生物量上小型硅藻和绿藻占优势使浮游植物小型化。 相似文献
6.
大亚湾中型浮游动物群落结构和植食性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以中型浮游动物成体为研究对象,通过在大亚湾实验站附近一个采样点连续两年的野外调查和现场摄食实验,分析大亚湾近岸富营养化海域中型浮游动物的群落特征,及其对浮游植物的选择摄食特性。结果表明:2015—2017年实验站附近中型浮游动物的总丰度在冬季达到最高,其次为春、秋和夏季;其优势种大多是滤食性桡足类,如锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)等,中型浮游动物的摄食特性与优势种摄食行为有很大的相关性。中型浮游动物群落更偏好于粒径较大的小型浮游植物(20—200μm),而对微型(2—20μm)或超微型浮游植物(0.7—2μm)的摄食影响较小,甚至会因为选择性摄食对这两种类型的浮游植物的生长有间接促进作用。且中型浮游动物的摄食选择性具有明显的季节性,除每个季节均倾向于摄食甲藻和青绿藻。除此之外,在春季偏好于定鞭藻和隐藻,夏季偏好于定鞭藻和绿藻,秋季偏好于硅藻、隐藻和聚球藻。尽管硅藻的生物量在调查期间平均约占总浮游植物类群的50%,但是中型浮游动物并不主动摄食硅藻,而更偏爱生物量低但营养较高的甲藻。总体上,中型浮游动物虽然对浮游植物有一定的摄食,但其植食性较弱,不能对浮游植物的生物量进行有效控制。 相似文献
7.
对虾养殖生态系不同粒级浮游生物呼吸率和初级生产率测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1997年6～8月于山东省海阳市黄海集团公司养虾场,用5个实验围隔研究了对虾池不同粒级浮游生物的呼吸率和初级生产率.结果表明:(1)小型、微型及超微型浮游生物的呼吸率平均分别为0.07,0.38及0.31mg/(dm3·d),占各粒级浮游生物总呼吸率的9%,50%及41%.小型、微型及超微型浮游植物的生产率平均分别为0.04,1.26及0.15mg/(dm3·d),占相应粒级浮游植物总生产率的3%,87%及10%.各粒级浮游生物呼吸率占相应粒级浮游植物生产率的比例为:小型浮游生物175%;微型浮游生物30%;超微型浮游生物207%.(2)小型浮游动物、超微型浮游动物(含细菌)的呼吸率显著高于相应粒级浮游植物呼吸率,微型浮游植物的呼吸率明显高于微型浮游动物呼吸率.不同粒级浮游植物呼吸率的大小顺序为微型、超微型、小型,不同粒级浮游动物呼吸率顺序为超微型(含细菌)、微型、小型. 相似文献
8.
为评价舟山钓梁围垦一期工程对附近海域生态系统的影响,对工程海域水质、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和潮
间带动物在不同时间的调查数据进行了综合分析。结果表明,工程海域海水处于高度富营养化水平,无机氮和活性磷酸盐严
重超标。围海区内浮游植物细胞丰度在2007 年降到最低,2011 年8 月较2007 年8 月显著增加,均匀度指数呈现相反的变化
趋势。围海工程结束后浮游动物生物量显著降低,浮游幼体在种类数中所占比例增加;大型底栖动物栖息密度、生物量、多
样性指数均显著降低,多毛类种数所占比例增加;潮间带动物栖息密度、多样性指数和均匀度减少。围海造成的海水水质的
变化与浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物群落结构参数改变密切相关,海水悬浮物含量是影响浮游生物群落结构的重要因素,
围海工程结束后底栖动物群落结构发生了明显改变。 相似文献
9.
为探究水交换良好海区的滨海核电厂运行对海洋生态环境的长期影响,文章选取秦山核电站为研究对象,利用1989年和1990年、1995年和1996年、2010年和2012年邻近海域叶绿素a、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物调查资料,以及1985年、2010年和2012年潮间带生物调查资料,对比研究发现,邻近海域营养盐增加明显,夏、秋季水温和沉积物有机碳含量略有升高;浮游植物密度增加明显,小型硅藻（具槽帕拉藻和弓束圆筛藻小型变种）占比呈上升趋势;大中型浮游动物春季丰度和生物量下降;大型底栖动物物种数、生物量和栖息密度均升高,钩虾在优势种中占比增加;潮间带生物密度和生物量上升。分析认为,营养盐浓度升高是藻类密度增加的主要诱因;沉积物有机质增加是底栖生物和潮间带生物增加的主要诱因;温排水潜在影响是促进琼氏圆筛藻等暖水种增殖,增加小型硅藻占比,引起浮游动物个体变小,使大中型浮游动物数量下降。由此可见,即使在水交换条件良好的海域,电厂温排水的长期生态影响也应关注。 相似文献
10.
舟山海区几种藤壶的食性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
舟山海区五种藤壶的食性成分分析表明：其胃含物可分为浮游动物、浮游植物、有机碎屑及无机颗粒四类。浮游动物以挠足类为主，浮游植物以硅藻为主。不同大小个体的藤壶摄食偏向有所差别：大个体藤壶较多地摄食大型的烧足类等浮游动物，而小个体藤壶较多地摄食小型的硅藻等浮游植物和有机碎屑。藤壶食物成分种类与其生活海区中的浮游生物种类相一致，并随海区中浮游生物种类和数量变化而变化。通过测定发现，分布于外海的三角藤壶的食物颗粒度明显大于近海虾塘中的纹藤壶的食物颗粒度。 相似文献
11.
Copepod feeding in a coastal area of active tidal mixing: diel and monthly variations of grazing impacts on phytoplankton biomass 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study examined monthly feeding rates and grazing impact on phytoplankton biomass, as well as diel feeding rhythms of four key copepod species in a tidally well mixed estuary (Asan Bay, Korean Peninsula). Monthly ingestion rates estimated based on gut pigment analysis were closely associated with their peak densities, but not with phytoplankton biomass, implying high ingestion may be related to reproductive output for population growth. The three smaller copepods, Acartia hongi, Acartia pacifica and Paracalanus parvus, showed feeding preference for smaller phytoplankton (<20 μm) with higher clearance rates, whereas the larger Calanus sinicus preferred larger phytoplankton. Acartia pacifica and P. parvus showed distinct increased nocturnal feeding rates as measured with gut fluorescence, whereas A. hongi showed no significant day–night differences. Copepod diel feeding patterns were not associated with food quantity, and endogenous physiological rhythm might be hypothesized as responsible for the observed diel feeding patterns. Grazing impact on phytoplankton biomass by the four copepods in the estuary was on average 8% (range 0.2–29.8%) of the phytoplankton standing stock, similar to values reported in other coastal waters. Very high copepod abundances but low daily carbon ration (<20% for all copepods) provided by feeding on phytoplankton indicate that copepods also grazed on other non‐phytoplankton foods in Asan Bay. 相似文献
12.
Chang-Rae Lee Keun-Hyung Choi Hyung-Ku Kang Eun Jin Yang Jae Hoon Noh Dong Han Choi 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(3):473-482
This study examined the biomass structure of autotrophic and heterotrophic plankton along a trophic gradient in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in an attempt to understand planktonic food web structure. Autotrophic biomass exceeded that of heterotrophic organisms in all sampling regions, but with lesser contribution to total planktonic biomass at stations of higher phytoplankton biomass, including the northern East China Sea, compared to the regions of lower phytoplankton biomass. The proportion of the biomass of heterotrophic bacteria, nanoflagellates (HNF), and dinoflagellates (HDF) relative to that of phytoplankton was all inversely related to phytoplankton biomass, but positive relationships were observed for both ciliates and mesozooplankton. Mesozooplankton biomass inclined greater than phytoplankton along the gradient of phytoplankton biomass, with biomass rise being most closely associated with ciliate and HDF biomass and, to a lesser degree, with large phytoplankton (>3?μm). Both bacteria and picophytoplankton were significantly and positively related to the biomass ratio of mesozooplankton to the sum of HDF and ciliates (i.e., proxy of mesozooplankton predation on protozoans), but no positive relationship was apparent either for HNF or for large phytoplankton. Such relationships may result from predation relief on lower food webs associated with mesozooplankton feeding on protistan plankton. 相似文献
13.
海水实验围隔中放养罗非鱼的生态学效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
围隔实验和在围隔内进行的其他实验结果表明,台湾红罗非鱼(简称罗非鱼)对食物的选择性及其生态学效应与食物资源状况有关。放养罗非鱼的围隔中浮游植物生物量和生产力往往较高,但罗非鱼密度超过8000尾/hm2后可明显压制海洋原甲藻等大型鞭毛藻类。当罗非鱼食物丰富时其对围隔中桡足类的压制作用相对较弱,当其他食物资源缺乏时往往选择捕食个体较大的桡足类。放养罗非鱼对围隔水中氮浓度和COD的影响较小,但加快了磷的循环,罗非鱼密度超过8000尾/hm2的围隔中PO4-P浓度明显高于对照围隔。 相似文献
14.
春季水库浮游生物与鲢鳙生长的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过 2 0 0 0年春季对辽宁三座大中型山谷型水库的浮游生物和鲢鳙渔获物的 4、5月二次调查发现 :( 1) . 4月 ,各水库浮游植物生物量与其鲢鳙年平均渔获量正相关 ( p<0 .10 ) ,同时发现浮游植物在各水库的空间分布与环境因子无显著关系 ,浮游植物与浮游动物之间只有在产量较低的碧流河水库有极其显著的正相关关系 ( p<0 .0 1) ;但此时三水库浮游动物生物量的空间分布都与水温或流速相关显著 ( p<0 .0 5 ) ;( 2 ) . 5月 ,这种现象消失 ,而发现浮游植物多样性指数较 4月的比值与渔获量存在极显著的负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 1) ,浮游植物量空间分布的变异性与渔获量存在极显著的负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 2 ) ,浮游动物空间分布变异性与 4月的比值与渔获量存在显著负相关关系 ( p<0 .0 7) ;而且只有在鱼产量最低的碧流河水库显示了浮游动物生物量的空间分布与环境因子 (水温 )相关 ( p<0 .10 ) ;( 3) .鲢鳙肥满度和增重率显示与上述结果相对应 ,即浮游生物空间分布越不均匀 ,浮游植物的多样性指数随着温度的升高幅度越大的水库 ,鲢鳙的生长速度越快。认为 :1.鲢鳙的摄食 ,导致浮游生物的空间分布更均匀 ,而且使浮游植物的多样性受到限制 ;2 .用浮游生物空间分布的不均匀程度以及多样性指数的变化 ,可以用来评价和指导 相似文献
15.
莱州湾夏季浮游桡足类的摄食研究 总被引：23，自引：8，他引：15
于１９９７年７月有（１９－２４日）和小湖（２６－３０日）期间在莱州湾对不同大小桡足类自然群体（大型：〉５００ｍｍ,小型：２００－５００ｍｍ）的分布及肠道色素含量进行了现场测定,并在一个４８ｈ连续观测站（Ａ４）进行了肠道排空率和摄食节律实验。结果表明,浮动物肠道色素含量随个体的增大而增加,大型桡足类存在着一定的昼夜摄食节律,摄食高峰出现在夜间,小型桡足类摄食切律不明显。Ａ４站测得的桡足类摄食结果表明 相似文献
16.
The planktonic food web structure in the subarctic coastal water off Usujiri south-western Hokkaido, Japan was investigated from June 1997 to June 1999, based on seasonal biomass data of pico- (<2 µm), nano- (2–10 µm), micro- (10–200 µm) and mesoplankton (>200 µm), and path analysis using the structural equation model (SEM). In spring, microphytoplankton predominated due to diatom bloom, while pico- and nanophytoplankton predominated in the other seasons, except November and December 1997. The seasonal change in size distribution of heterotrophic plankton was almost similar to that of phytoplankton, and mesozooplankton biomass was high in spring. The path analyses suggest that the main channel in the microbial food web could vary according to phytoplankton size composition, indicating not only the classical food chain (microphytoplankton - copepods) but also the indirect route (microphytoplankton - naked dinoflagellates - copepods). 相似文献
17.
J. Ishizaka K. Harada K. Ishikawa H. Kiyosawa H. Furusawa Y. Watanabe H. Ishida K. Suzuki N. Handa M. Takahashi 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1997,44(9-10)
Size and taxonomic structure of plankton community carbon biomass for the 0.2–2000 μm equivalent spherical diameter range were determined at the equator at 175°E in September 1990–1993 and April 1994. Total biomass of the plankton community ranged from 1944 to 3448 mg C m−2. Phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria carbon biomasses were 604–1669 mg C m-2, 300–797 mg C m2, and 968–1200 mg C m-2, and the percentages were 31–54%, 15–26%, and 29–54%, respectively. Biomass of heterotrophic bacteria was always the largest fraction andProchlorococcus biomass was second. Heterotrophic and autotrophic flagellates and dinoflagellates in the nanoplankton size range and copepods (adults and copepodites) in the mesoplankton range were also high. Relatively small biomass was observed in the microplankton size range. The differences in integrated biomass of plankton community for El Nin˜o type oligotrophic conditions of September 1990–1993 and non-El Nifio type mesotrophic conditions of April 1994 were generally small compared with the interannual difference during 1990–1993. However, the percentage ofProchlorococcus in phytoplankton carbon biomass was larger in non-El Nin˜o year. Biomasses of cyanobacteria, diatom, dinoflagellates, nauplii of copepods, and crustaceans other than copepods were larger in the non-El Nin˜o year. Primary production increased significantly from El Nin˜o to non-El Nin˜o years. Carbon flow through the plankton food chain was estimated using the plankton carbon biomass data, primary production measurements, and published empirical relationships. 相似文献
18.
INTRODUCTIONInformationontheorganiccarbonbudgetofpond-culturesystemsisindispensableforrealizingboththestatusofmaterialcyclinginthesystemsandforevaluatingtheefficiencyoftheculturepractice.Manyarticleshavebeenpublishedonthistopicinterms'offishPOnds.Accordingtothemethodused,theymaybedividedintotwocategories:onewastosubtractthetotalorganiccarbonoutput(planktoncommunityrespiration,sedimentcommunityrespiration,culturedanimalproductionandtheirrespiration)fromtheirtotalincome(phytoplanktonproduct… 相似文献
19.
Grazing impacts of calanoid copepods on size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass [chlorophyll (Chl)-a] were measured in Jangmok Bay, Geoje Island, Korea, monthly from November 2004 to October 2005. The ingestion rate of calanoid copepods on total phytoplankton biomass ranged between 1 and 215 ng Chl-a copepod?1 day?1 during bottle incubations. Results indicated that microphytoplankton (> 20 μm) was the primary food source for calanoid copepods in grazing experiments on 3 phytoplankton size categories (< 3 μm, 3–20 μm, and > 20 μm). The ingestion rate on microphytoplankton showed a significant increase (r = 0.93, p < 0.01) with Chl-a concentration. Nanophytoplankton (3–20 μm) showed a negative ingestion rate from June 2005 to October 2005, but the reason is not completely understood. Calanoid copepods were unable to feed efficiently on picophytoplankton (< 3 μm) due to unfavorable size. Calanoid copepods removed between 0.1% and 27.7% (average, 3.6 ± 15.8%) of the phytoplankton biomass daily during grazing experiments. Grazing pressure was high in winter and early spring (January–March: 15.6–27.7%), while low in summer (June–August: ?33.1–0.0%) and autumn (September–November: ?1.4–5.1%). Results suggest that calanoid copepods play an important role in controlling the biomass and size structure of phytoplankton in winter and early spring. 相似文献