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1.
利用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术,详细观察了帘文蛤（Meretrix lyrata）精子的形态和超微结构.研究发现,帘文蛤的精子为典型的原生型,全长42.2±1.8μm,包括头部、中段和尾部三部分.头部为稍弯曲的狭茧形,长约2.4μm,由前端的顶体和其后的细胞核组成,顶体呈倒＂V＂形,前端电子密度较小,后端电子密度较大;核内含有高度浓缩的染色质,可见染色较浅的核泡存在,无核前窝,有明显核后窝和植入窝.中段由5个呈辐射状排列的线粒体和中央的2个相互垂直的中心粒复合体构成,线粒体近球形,由内、外两层膜组成.尾部鞭毛长39.3±1.9μm,由波浪状质膜和包裹其中的轴丝组成.另外,将帘蛤科（Veneridae）尤其是文蛤属（Meretrix）贝类精子超微结构与其他贝类进行了比较和分析,为文蛤属的种类鉴别提供细胞学依据. 相似文献
2.
长竹蛏精子发生和精子的超微结构观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用透射电镜观察长竹蛏Solen strictus精子发生和精子的超微结构,揭示了从精原细胞发育为精子过程中超微结构的变化。其过程主要包括:生精细胞体积逐级减小,细胞核由椭圆形转变为圆形,染色质以颗粒状形式浓缩,内质网和高尔基体分泌的前顶体颗粒融合形成前顶体囊、前顶体囊最终形成顶体,线粒体逐渐融合与发达,以及中心体移动及鞭毛形成。精细胞的分化可分为4个时期。成熟精子属原生型,全长约38—43μm,由头部、中段和尾部3部分组成。头部顶体较短,约为核径的五分之一,呈倒置的碗状,轴向纵切面为马鞍形,顶体物质为分布均匀的高电子密度物质;亚顶体腔几乎伸达顶体的顶端,内含均匀的较低电子密度物质。细胞核呈圆球形,无核前窝,但有一浅的核后窝。中段由4—5个椭圆形线粒体和2个相互垂直的中心粒组成。尾部为典型的“9 2”型结构。 相似文献
3.
为了给栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)受精机理提供细胞学依据,利用透射电镜对栉江珧精子的超微结构进行了详细观察。结果显示,栉江珧成熟精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段与尾部三部分。头部为卵圆形,由顶体和细胞核组成。顶体纵切面为倒“V”字形,顶体腔内电子密度不均匀,近顶体外膜有一电子密度较高的弧状带,其余部分电子密度较低。核内有高度浓缩的染色质,其中有不规则的电子密度较低的核泡存在。无核后窝,有核前窝和植入窝。中段由2个相互垂直的中心粒及周围5个呈辐射状排列的线粒体组成。线粒体近卵圆形,由内外膜组成。尾部鞭毛由轴丝和质膜组成。结果表明栉江珧精子超微结构与典型的双壳贝类精子结构类似,在一定程度上反映了栉江珧的生殖进化及受精机理。 相似文献
4.
太平洋牡蛎配子和精子入卵的扫描电镜观察及胚胎发育的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过扫描电镜观察,太平洋牡蛎精子由头部、中段和尾段组成。精子全长约２１．６μｍ,尾段长约１８．２μｍ,末端观察到“针眼”样结构;头部最大处的直径约２．６μｍ;中段直径约１．１μｍ;未成熟精子尾段中部出现膨大,该处直径约０．３μｍ。卵呈梨形;卵的直径约为４１．９μｍ。卵表面有微绒毛组成的皱折结构,可见卵黄膜孔。卵质收回时,在卵表面卵柄处可见明显的树枝状结构。受精后,受精卵表面的卵黄膜剥离处可见较多数 相似文献
5.
应用电镜技术观察了彩虹明樱蛤精子的超微结构．彩虹明樱蛤精子为典型的原生型,包括头部、中段和尾部3部分．头部由顶体和细胞核组成,项体呈弯曲的倒“V”字型,顸体物质电子密度外侧高内侧低,顶体下腔无特殊结构,内含均匀的低电子密度物质．细胞核细长,螺旋状,形似螺丝钉,有一浅的核前窝,没有核后窝．中段由线粒体环绕中心粒复合体和精核而成,中段横切面可见4个线粒体,而纵切面看每侧有2—4个线粒体,因此精子中段有10个以上的线粒体．尾部细长,为典型的“9＋2”结构． 相似文献
6.
栉孔扇贝精子超微结构的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用电镜研究栉孔扇贝精子的超微结构。精子包括头部、中段与末段三部分。头部由顶体和细胞核组成。锥形顶体位于细胞核的前端;亚顶体腔内包含疏松的低电子密度物质;细胞核致密,有不规则的囊泡位于其中。４个卵圆形的线粒体围绕着中心粒复合体形成了精子的中段。末段细长,轴丝为典型的“９＋２”结构。 相似文献
7.
利用扫描和透射电镜技术研究了金乌贼成熟精子的超微结构,以及超低温冷冻对精子超微结构和形态的影响。结果表明,金乌贼精子为鞭毛型精子,外部附有光滑的裙边状被膜,分为头部、中部和尾部三部分。头部由顶体和细胞核组成,顶体位于细胞核前端,呈"囊"状。细胞核为长纺锤状。中部是由线粒体和垂直的中心粒构成,线粒体大小不一,多层分布。尾部细长,轴丝为典型的"9+2"结构。经超低温冷冻的精子被膜上出现很多凹陷;头部顶体破裂,大量的内容物流出,细胞核膜分离;线粒体解离,嵴变形;尾部缠绕在一起,少数鞭毛出现脱落。 相似文献
8.
9.
为了解香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)精子的形态结构特点,采用扫描和透射电镜技术观察了香鱼精子的超微结构,并与鲤形目及鲑形目其他鱼类精子结构进行了比较。结果表明,香鱼精子由头部、中段和尾部组成,全长约23.5μm。头部呈弹头形,由细胞核外包质膜构成,长约1.8μm、宽约0.8μm;细胞核从后端中央向前深凹至核的近前端,形成植入窝,使核呈倒U字形,核的前端无顶体;植入窝内有中心粒复合体及小段起始的鞭毛,中心粒复合体由近端中心粒和远端中心粒(基体)组成,两者之间夹角约135o。中段为"半袖套"结构,长约0.5μm,其内部为一较大的"半套筒"形线粒体。鞭毛起始于远端中心粒,由轴丝及外包轴丝的质膜组成,轴丝为典型的"9+2"微管结构;鞭毛两侧有质膜向外突起形成侧鳍。研究显示,香鱼精子与典型的鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鱼类精子卵圆形或圆球形头部及细胞核、不对称的袖套及尾部鞭毛无侧鳍等结构特征不同,也与鲑形目(Salmoniformes)鱼类精子卵圆形或椭圆形头部及马蹄形或浅U形细胞核、两中心粒相互平行或垂直、袖套结构完整等结构特征不同。香鱼精子结构具有种的特异性。 相似文献
10.
对虾人工养殖中流行发光病，病因学研究证明为一种致病性亮弧菌ＩＶｉｂｒｉｏｓｐｌｅｎｄｉｄｕｓＩ所致。细菌杆状，稍弯，大小为０．４－０．６×１．５μｍ，单极鞭毛运动，革兰氏染色阴性（Ｇ－），对葡萄糖发酵产酸，氧化酶、接触酶、精氨酸双水解酶、淀粉酶均为阳性，对弧菌抑制剂０／１２９敏感，在弧菌选择性培养基（ＴＣＢＳ）上生长良好。ＤＮＡ的Ｇ＋Ｃ为４４．７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１）（ｔｍ值为７２．２℃）。虾体被感染后，组织细胞变性、坏死，血窦与组织间隙充塞细菌，血液淋巴细胞的吞噬和凝固等机能改变，体色灰白，游动缓慢，抗病力下降，衰竭而死。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。 相似文献
15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。 相似文献
16.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
17.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
18.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared. 相似文献
19.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献