共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
为了解海南尖鳍鲤(Cyprinus acutidorsalis)线粒体基因组结构特征及其与鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类的进化关系, 本文通过二代测序获得海南万泉河口尖鳍鲤线粒体基因组全序列, 并对结构特征进行分析, 结果显示具有典型的环状闭环双链分子, 全长16 581 bp, 碱基组成为A (31.96%)、G(15.69%)、C(27.53%)和T(24.82%), 包含13个蛋白质编码基因(protein-coding genes, PCGs)、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个可变控制区D环。对碱基含量分析发现尖鳍鲤的碱基组成中具有较高AT含量的偏向性, 13个PCGs中有不少的偏好性密码子, 如CGA(RSCU>3.506)、CCA(RSCU>2.208)等。除tRNAGln、tRNAAla、tRNAAsn、tRNACys、tRNALeu(CUN)、tRNATyr、tRNASer(UCN)、tRNAPro和ND6外, 其余基因的排列于H链上。比较海南与广西海域尖鳍鲤线粒体基因组发现, 两者PCGs相似性在96%~100%, ND4、CO II、Cytb基因在起始位置、长度以及起始密码子存在不同程度的差异。另外, 将与尖鳍鲤同属的的鲤(C.carpio)、鲫(C.auratus)的13个PCGs进行两两比较表明, 3种鲤属鱼类的PCGs相似性在85%~99%。通过与其他鲤科鱼类的线粒体基因组序列构建系统发育树, 发现尖鳍鲤和鲤亲缘关系最近。本研究结果有助于理解不同鲤科鱼类的亲缘关系, 为尖鳍鲤线粒体进化分析和种质资源研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)、星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)及其杂交种的形态学分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用方差分析、聚类分析、判别分析和主成分分析等多元分析方法,对大菱鲆、星斑川鲽及其杂交种(大菱鲆♀×星斑川鲽♂)的可数性状和可量性状进行了分析。结果表明:(1)可数性状中,除腹鳍鳍条数外,杂交种与母本大菱鲆差异不显著,而与父本星斑川鲽差异极显著。(2)可量性状中,杂交种和大菱鲆差异不显著的性状占可量性状的45%,而与星斑川鲽都为显著差异。可量性状的杂种指数平均值为15.56,显示杂交种可量性状总体属于偏母本。(3)聚类分析表明,杂交种与大菱鲆形态较为接近,先聚为一支,再与星斑川鲽聚为一支。(4)主成分分析表明,共获得了4个主成分,其累积总变异的贡献率为73.49%。主成分散点图表明杂交种在形态差异上独立于大菱鲆和星斑川鲽。(5)判别分析表明,利用10个对结果影响贡献率较大的参数分别构建了其判别函数,对大菱鲆、星斑川鲽和杂交种的综合判别准确率达到98.9%,判别效果非常显著。研究认为,杂交种的形态与母本比较相似,但可以通过形态判别分析将三者进行区分判别。 相似文献
3.
Janet M. Bradford‐Grieve 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):941-949
Xantharus Andronov, 1981 is reported, for the first time from New Zealand, from the upper slope (306 m) off the southeastern coast of North Island (41°04.10′S, 176°22.05′E). Xantharus cryeri n. sp. females differ from the three known species by a combination of characters: antennules that extend to the distal border of pedigerous somite 2; ancestral segment XVIII of the antennule with 1 seta; mandible basis with 3 setae; maxilla endite 1 with 5 setae; leg 1 basis with inner distal border lined with small spinules; and leg 5 is squat, with all segments as long as wide and the 2 terminal spine‐like extensions of the terminal segment approximately as long as the articulated, inner, subterminal spine. 相似文献
4.
Mangrove ecosystems are sites with high biodiversity of benthic fauna, and fiddler crabs (genus Uca) are common benthic fauna in mangroves. The North Sulawesi in Indonesia has a good condition of mangrove while the information of the fiddler crabs is still limited. Manual samplings were conducted in wet, dry and transient seasons at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi to investigate the species composition, density and distribution pattern of fiddler crabs. A total of 168 individuals, subjected to eight species of genus Uca crabs were collected at the mangrove, with U. triangularis having the highest abundance and U. annulipes having the lowest abundance. The densities of fiddle crabs were 27.56 ind./m2, 32.89 ind./m2 and 14.22 ind./m2 at the seaward, middle and landward zones, respectively, and the density was higher in dry and wet seasons than in transient season. 相似文献
5.
Epibenthic fishes were collected with daytime beam trawl tows (n = 1713) in three shallow (<10 m) habitats of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), Zostera marina (eelgrass), Laminaria longicruris (kelp), Phyllophora sp. (algae), and unvegetated sandy/mud areas. We divided the Maine coast into three broad zones based upon geological features and sampled over five consecutive years; during April–November 2000 in the mid coast, in 2001 and 2002 along the south coast and in 2003 and 2004 along the eastern Maine coast. We quantified habitat use by eight economically important fish species (Gadus morhua, Microgadus tomcod, Pollachius virens, Urophycis chuss, Urophycis tenuis, Osmerus mordax, Tautogolabrus adspersus, and Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and 10 other common epibenthic species (n = 18 571). We identified the physical and biological variables most important in discriminating between habitats with and without individual fish species. Logistic regression models based on nearshore habitat characteristics were developed to predict the distribution of these species along the three zones representing broad geological regions of the Maine coast. Logistic regression models correctly classified individual fish species 58.7–97.1% of the time based on the temporal and physical habitat variables (month, temperature, salinity, and depth) and the presence–absence of submerged aquatic vegetation (Zostera, Laminaria, or Phyllophora). Overall fish presence and economically important fish presence were correctly classified 61.1–79.8% and 66.0–73.6% of the time, respectively. The Maine shallow water fish community was composed primarily of young-of-the-year and juvenile fishes with all habitats functioning as facultative nursery areas. Presence of most fish species was positively associated with Zostera, Laminaria, and to a lesser extent, Phyllophora. This study provides direct evidence of shallow waters of the Gulf of Maine as critical facultative nursery habitat for juvenile G. morhua, M. tomcod, P. virens, U. tenuis, U. chuss, T. adspersus, O. mordax and P. americanus, and many ecologically important species. 相似文献
6.
长江口水域四种鱼类的耳石微化学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用X-射线电子探针微区技术(electron probe microanalysis, EPMA),对长江口不同水域中捕获的焦氏舌鳎、皮氏叫姑鱼、鮸鱼和光泽黄颡鱼耳石中的Sr含量进行耳石微化学研究,结果发现,焦氏舌鳎是典型的海水鱼类,不仅Sr:Ca比(按惯例标准化为Sr:Ca×10~3)的移动平均值高(7),而且Sr含量面分析图亦呈现为对应高盐度海水的黄色或红色图谱。虽然皮氏叫姑鱼和鮸鱼从出生直至被捕Sr:Ca比的移动平均值都在3—7间波动,总体上属河口半咸水栖息鱼类,但从Sr含量面分析图来看,皮氏叫姑鱼生活史履历更为复杂,可包括淡水(对应蓝色图谱)和半咸水生境(对应绿色图谱);而鮸鱼仅在长江口较高盐度半咸水或海水生境中活动,未见进入过淡水的履历。光泽黄颡鱼表现出仅利用淡水生境的履历,其Sr:Ca比的移动平均值仅在1.5—3间窄幅波动,整个生活史均在淡水区域里活动,表现为长江口典型的淡水栖息鱼类。本研究从新的角度提供了较为客观、直观和最新的信息,用以较为准确地重建和掌握长江口这些不同鱼类的生境利用特征。 相似文献
7.
K. J. Sullivan 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):745-753
A method of aging the elephant fish Callorhinchus milii Bory de St Vincent 1823, is described. Alternating light and dark layers, seen in cross‐sections of the dorsal spine, are assumed to be laid down annually as in other fish. Ages obtained from spine sections are identical with ages obtained from interpretation of modal peaks in the length‐frequency graphs. Males mature at 3 y old, at approximately 50 cm fork length; females at 4.5 y old and 70 cm. The significance of this in relation to the New Zealand fishery for elephant fish is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Scorpaena onaria Jordan & Snyder (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), previously known only from the northwestern Pacific Ocean, is reported from the southwestern Pacific Ocean for the first time on the basis of 19 specimens. The southwestern Pacific specimens are regarded as a southern population of S. onaria, characterised by a shorter supraocular tentacle and larger body size compared with the northwestern Pacific specimens. The southern population is described in detail including comparisons with all known Indo‐Pacific species of the genus Scorpaena. Analyses of 37 measurements of the southern population of S. onaria found that relative orbit diameter and second anal‐fin spine length became significantly smaller with growth. Initially cycloid, the scales enclosed by the posterior tips of the upper and lower opercular spines and opercular margin change to ctenoid with growth at c. 160–170 mm standard length. A mature female differed from an immature female and males in having a longer upper jaw, steeper dorsal profile of the snout, and shorter nasal spine. As a consequence, the species previously reported as S. neglecta from the Andaman Sea and northwestern Australia was re‐identified as S. onaria. 相似文献
9.
半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)摄食行为感觉作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用实验室内鱼类行为学研究方法对半滑舌鳎的摄食行为进行研究。结果表明,嗅觉、味觉和侧线在半滑舌鳎的摄食中具有重要作用,视觉在摄食中的作用没有被发现。侧线在摄食中作用主要体现在头部侧线,躯干部侧线对侧面刺激有一定的攻击行为,但行为发生率与头部各部位受刺激时产生的行为发生率相比较低,且差异显著(P<0.05);躯干部对上部刺激仅发生警戒行为,没有观察到攻击行为。侧线和嗅觉在摄食中的作用大小比较差异显著(P<0.05),侧线的作用优于嗅觉。口咽腔对味道和硬度都有作用且对二者的敏感程度差异显著(P<0.05),对味道更为敏感。 相似文献
10.
11.
通过对南海采集的沉积物进行分析，发现一新种奇足威伦狭腹猛水蚤，这也是首次在中国海报道威伦狭腹猛水蚤属。新种奇足威伦狭腹猛水蚤与同属其它种的主要区别特征是：身体表面除尾节有小刺外，其余各节表面均光滑；第四胸足外肢第三节内侧具两根刚毛；雌性第五胸足內肢具4根刚毛和刺，外肢顶端具一根尖刺，尾叉长约为宽的六倍。 相似文献
12.
T. M. Ward J. Staunton-Smith S. Hoyle I. A. Halliday 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):1125-1140
The diverse pelagic fish assemblage of sub-tropical southern Queensland includes fishes with predominantly temperate distributions, such as tailor Pomatomus saltatrix, sardine Sardinops sagax, round herring Etrumeus teres, and Australian anchovy Engraulis australis. The peak spawning seasons of P. saltatrix, S. sagax and E. teres occur during late winter and early spring (June–October). Eggs and larvae of these three species are widely distributed in shelf waters and comprise >50% of the ichthyoplankton assemblage during this period. Mean monthly sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during late winter and early spring range from 21 to 23 °C, and are thus similar to those recorded in southern Australia during summer and autumn, which is the spawning season of these three species in those temperate waters. E. australis eggs occur mainly in inshore waters, and comprise >50% of fish eggs collected during summer and autumn when mean monthly SSTs in southern Queensland exceed 27 °C. E. australis also spawns mainly during summer and autumn in temperate Australia. Hence, water temperature may be less important as a determinant of the spawning season of E. australis than it is for the other three species. The suitability of southern Queensland for spawning by predominantly temperate species during late winter and early spring may contribute to the high diversity of the region's pelagic fish assemblage. Adult P. saltatrix, S. sagax and E. teres appear to migrate northwards into southern Queensland during early winter to spawn, and larvae may be transported southwards into temperate waters by the East Australian Current. This dispersal-migration pattern is similar to those observed for several species, including P. saltatrix, in the western boundary current systems off the east coasts of North America and Africa. Hence, pelagic fishes in ecosystems off the east coast of three continents migrate into sub-tropical waters to spawn, and larvae are transported back into temperate nursery areas by the prevailing current. 相似文献
13.
为探明珠江口黑鲷海捕苗种与人工繁殖苗种间的形态差异,作者采用3种多元统计分析和方差分析方法,对采集自珠江口两岸的海捕黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)苗种与2个繁殖场的人工繁殖苗种进行形态差异比较,比较了不同样品组的外部形态特征差异。可量性状主成分分析结果表明,前2项主成分的累计贡献率为89.90%,聚类分析结果表明汕头苗场(ST)样品组与另外3个样品组距离最远,判别分析结果同样显示以对该样品组判别准确率最高;可数性状单因素方差分析结果表明,样品组间背鳍鳍条数、鳃耙数、椎骨数存在显著性差异(P0.05)。主成分分析、聚类分析、判别分析和单因素方差分析从不同角度反映了样品组间的形态差异,各分析方法获得结论基本类似,相互印证。该研究结果显示,采集自不同繁殖场的黑鲷苗种与珠江口海域野生苗种存在一定的形态差异,但没有证据显示这种差异已导致黑鲷野生和养殖群体间明显的形态分化。 相似文献
14.
Growth characteristics,pigmentation, and the identificaton of whitebait (galaxias spp., Salmonoidea)
C. S. Woods 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):162-182
Definitions are given for stages in the development of five species of Galaxias, family Galaxiidae, which have marine larvae. Larvae of Galaxias maculates attenuates and G. brevipinnis are large, and those of G. fasciatus relatively small as they enter fresh water from the sea. Development as whitebait involves shrinkage by about 25% in total length; the head length, considered separately, shrinks by about 15%. The ratio of standard length to head length alters from the larval to the adult value before positive growth recommences. These features are probably similar for G. postvectis and G. argenteus Minimum observed pigmentation is described for the late larvae of G m. attenuates, G. brevipinnis, and G. fasciatus and for early whitebait of these and of G. postvectis and G. argenteus Subsequent development of melanophores and of colour pattern is described and figured. Large melano‐phores along the lateral line distinguish early whitebait of G. m. attenuates, but no distinguishing feature of pigmentation has been found in other species until the juvenile pattern is apparent. This pattern is characteristic for each species, and it persists in adult G. m. attenuates. G. argenteus has distinct juvenile and adult patterns, the latter being developed in a second, superficial, layer of pigment cells. Adult G. postvectis develop a distinctive fin colour pattern unlike other New ‐Zealand Galaxias; the superficial pigment layer is without definite pattern. In adult G. brevipinnis this layer resembles the persistent juvenile pattern and the two layers combined give a reticulate appearance. In G. fasciatus the juvenile pattern persists and develops as the fish grow; the superficial pigment layer is present in adults but is not usually apparent. Until now positive identification of whitebait has depended on colour pattern. Recently recorded identifications of unpigmented whitebait are shown to be misleading. A key is given for the identification of early and late whitebait using absolute measurements as an important character. 相似文献
15.
大亚湾海域石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)寄生单殖吸虫群落结构研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调查了大亚湾海域13种石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)寄生单殖吸虫群落,结果发现有10种鱼感染单殖吸虫,占调查鱼种类的四分之三,检获单殖吸虫16种,隶属于3科5属,其中拟合片虫属(Pseudorhabdosynochus spp.)10种;除鞍带石斑(E.lanceolatus)和拟青石斑(E.fasciatomaculosus)外,8种鱼可分别感染3—7种单殖吸虫;感染单殖吸虫种类最多的是玳瑁石斑(E.quoyanus)达7种,次之是青石斑(E.awoara)和养殖的橙点石斑(E.bleekeri)均感染6种;各单殖吸虫种类中,感染强度最大的是拟合片虫(P.serrani))(棕点石斑,E.fuscoguttatus)128只/尾,次之是石斑拟合片虫(P.grouperi)(青石斑)62只/尾,接下来是斜带拟合片虫(P.coioidesis)(大斑石斑,E.macrospilos)59只/尾和杯阴拟合片虫(P.cupatus)(玳瑁石斑)49只/尾;平均密度最高的是棕点石斑上检获的拟合片虫128只/尾;在检获的16种单殖吸虫中,8种可分别寄生于2种或2种以上石斑鱼,石斑鳞盘虫(Diplectanum grouperi)和拟合片虫在6种石斑鱼上都能检获,符合广寄生单殖吸虫种特征。有5种鱼检查尾数5尾以上的,其中玳瑁石斑单殖吸虫感染率最高62.07%,其内群落的物种丰富度与宿主体长呈显著正相关。 相似文献
16.
逐步线性回归法实现中华虎头蟹(Orithyia sinica) 形态指标与体重的通径分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨中华虎头蟹(Orithyia sinica)形态指标与体重的关系, 为良种选育提供最佳的测量指 标, 实验以中华虎头蟹为材料, 测量甲宽、甲长、眼间距、侧齿间距、大螯不动指长、大螯宽、步足 长节长、体高、体重等26 个指标, 借助逐步线性回归、相关分析和通径分析等方法, 分析形态指标 与体重的关系。结果表明, 除第Ⅳ侧齿间距(A8)外, 实验所测形态指标与体重的相关系数均达到了显 著水平(P<0.05); 采用逐步线性回归的方法建立了多元回归方程Y=-273.841+10.4X1+2.867X2, 其中 Y 为体重(g), X1 为右大螯宽(mm), X2 为第Ⅱ侧齿间距(mm), 定量分析了形态指标对体重的影响结果。 相似文献
17.
Thomas E. Laidig Diana L. Watters Mary M. Yoklavich 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):629-637
In 2004, we surveyed demersal fishes and habitats on the continental shelf off central California (65–110 m depth) using the occupied submersible Delta. Our objectives were to estimate the relative abundance of habitats and to examine demersal fish species composition, diversity, density, and sizes relative to these habitats. A total of 112 transects were completed covering 32 km of seafloor. A higher density of fishes was estimated in boulder and cobble habitats than in mud and brachiopod beds. More than 80% of the fishes were small, measuring 20 cm or less in total length. Species with small maximum size (primarily pygmy rockfish, Sebastes wilsoni, and blackeye gobies, Rhinogobiops nicholsii) accounted for nearly half (49%) of the total number of 12,441 fishes. Most fishes were immature, with only 4 of 20 harvested species having more than 50% of the individuals larger than the size at first maturity. Our study area on the continental shelf may be an ontogenetic transition zone for immature fishes before they move to their adult habitat on the slope. Alternatively, historical fishing pressure may have contributed to the lack of large, mature fishes in the survey area. Understanding the importance of these habitats to fishes at various life stages will improve our ability to assess these deepwater fish stocks and effectively manage these living resources on an ecosystem basis. 相似文献
18.
A second species of Neophrynichthys is described from 20 specimens collected from the Campbell Plateau, south of South Island, New Zealand. It differs from its sole congener, N. latus, in having 25–26 pectoral rays (versus 22–24), cirri on head more than twice as large, half as few (c. 50 versus >100), and generally absent from the mid‐region behind the eyes (versus being relatively dense), and in spotted colour pattern covering much less than 50% of the dorsal surface of the head (versus >50%). This new species is the sixth psychrolutid known from New Zealand. The genus Neophrynichthys is formally diagnosed by two synapomorphic characters unique among psychrolutids: having light spots on a dark ground colour and having an open fourth and fifth infraorbital, fifth and sixth cranial arch, medial extrascapular, and posterior tabular of the pterotic. 相似文献
19.
C. S. Woods 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):398-425
The family Retropinnidae contains one monotypic genus, Stokellia, in New Zealand, and nine nominal species of Retropinna: five in New Zealand, three in Australia, and one on Chatham Island. Four Chatham Island populations contain much of the recorded range of variation for the family for head length in standard length ratios, numbers of dorsal and anal rays, and numbers of scale rows. These characters are analysed for 29 populations incorporating five nominal species from New Zealand and Chatham Island. When interrelated these characters are shown to be linked (loosely) and high values are typical of coastal populations. When related to latitude their values increase to the south. The reverse trend is found with increase in altitude. Decrease in salinity depresses the values. Area of the lake habitat has little effect. Observations suggest that size of fish and numbers of teeth vary predictably. Thus all observed variation is related to environmental conditions. The four nominal lake species are submerged in Retropinna retropinna (Richardson), the type species of the genus, which is considered to be highly adaptable rather than highly variable. R. osmeroides Hector is recognised as distinct from R. retropinna on one character and on sympatric distribution. Records of Australian and Tasmanian species suggest that R. victoriae Stokell differs fundamentally from all other species but that R. semoni Weber and jR. tasmanica McCulloch do not differ greatly from R. retropinna Similar environmentally correlated variation is suggested to relate some diadromous species of Galaxias and their lacustrine isolates. 相似文献
20.
香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)是名贵洄游性鱼类,由于高密度养殖等因素导致病害频发。2021年7月强台风"烟花"过境后浙江省宁海县养殖香鱼暴发体表溃烂病,死亡严重。病鱼皮肤、肌肉溃烂并伴有周围皮肤充血。组织切片观察显示病鱼患处肌纤维断裂,周围红细胞、炎性细胞浸润;鳃丝和鳃小片中红细胞增多;肝细胞核呈空泡,部分细胞核染色质边集;脾脏内红细胞数量减少,部分白细胞聚集;肠黏膜上皮细胞脱落。从患病香鱼肠中分离到一株菌(编号NH21),其菌落低突、边缘光滑表面湿润,该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,菌体呈短杆状、端圆。经生化特性和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定NH21菌株为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。用该菌株对健康香鱼进行回归感染后,人工感染香鱼呈现与本次体表溃烂病香鱼相似的症状,经计算NH21菌株对香鱼的半致死剂量(LD50)为2.51×107 CFU/mL。25种抗生素的药敏试验显示NH21菌株对阿奇霉素、头孢氨苄、新生霉素、多黏菌素B、头孢西丁、呋喃唑酮6种抗生素敏感。从NH21菌株中检出了毒力基因9个、耐药基因8个。综合分析表明,分离得到的类志贺邻单胞菌NH21菌株是本次宁海县香鱼体表溃烂病的病原菌,研究结果为香鱼出现类似病症的预防和治疗提供了基础资料。 相似文献