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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(6)
在岩心观察和沉积相研究基础上,对长江河口区H1孔末次冰期以来沉积物样品进行了粒度分析,讨论了沉积物粒度特征与水动力条件演化关系。分析表明,研究区末次冰期以来先后经历了河床、河漫滩、河口湾、浅海和三角洲等5种沉积环境。其中,河床相砂含量很高,平均粒径和环境敏感粒级最粗,分选变化较大,概率累积曲线主要为跳跃总体为主的两段式,频率分布曲线为单峰式且主峰粒径大;河漫滩沉积物整体粒度较细,以粉砂为主,分选较稳定,累积曲线仍以两段式为主,但悬浮总体比例较河床相高,环境敏感粒级更细;河口湾沉积物明显分异为粗细两类,分选波动较大,累积曲线主要为具过渡段的跳跃总体为主的两段式,双峰式粒度频率分布;浅海相平均粒径最细,分选性差但稳定,具悬浮一段式的累积曲线,粒度频率分布为单峰式且主峰粒径很小,环境敏感细粒组分分布宽泛;三角洲沉积物主要为砂和粉砂,分选性相对较好,累积曲线为跳跃总体为主的两段式,单峰式粒度频率分布但主峰粒径变化较大。总体上,H1孔沉积物的粒度特征能较好地反映研究区末次冰期以来沉积环境水动力条件"强—较弱—较强—弱—较强"的变化过程。 相似文献
2.
通过对金州湾海域72个表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,探讨了金州湾表层沉积物物质组成和粒度参数的分布特征,根据粒度参数特征,利用Q型聚类分析将研究区划分为3组沉积区,结合粒度频率分布曲线、粒度概率累积曲线和C-M图阐述沉积物的粒径组成、沉积动力条件和沉积物的搬运沉积条件。结果表明：研究区沉积物类型为粘土质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、砂和砂 粉砂 粘土。研究区可划分为3种沉积环境,Ⅰ组沉积环境：沉积物类型以砂质粉砂和粘土质粉砂为主,粒径较小,含部分粗组分颗粒物,分选差,粒度频率分布曲线呈双峰,形成较为封闭静稳的海湾环境;Ⅱ组沉积环境：沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂为主,粒径小、分选较差 差,沉积环境较为复杂,为受潮流和沿岸流作用的沉积环境;Ⅲ组沉积环境：沉积物类型以粉砂质砂和砂为主,粒径较大、分选较差,为受潮流和海流影响的沉积环境。整体上由东向西,沉积物呈现出细 较粗 粗的变化趋势。其原因在于机场人工岛的建设阻挡了潮流和海流的作用,导致东部的I、Ⅱ组沉积环境形成较为封闭的环境;Ⅲ组沉积环境为离岸较远的海洋环境,水动力较强,海洋性特征明显。因此机场人工岛的建设对金州湾海域沉积物的分布产生了显著影响。 相似文献
3.
为了研究南黄海不同典型海域沉积物的粒度特征及其对沉积环境和水动力条件的响应特征,对南黄海海域6个柱状样沉积物进行了激光粒度测试,得到样品的粒度概率分布曲线、平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度等粒度参数,初步探讨了南黄海不同海域特征水动力条件下粒度的响应特征.结果表明,山东半岛东侧海域具有沿岸流水动力条件强,黄河物质输入量大,导致沉积物具有粒径较粗、极正偏和单峰分布的粒度特征;在山东半岛更靠东的海域,水动力条件减弱,受沿岸流和冷水团的共同作用,沉积物具有粒径较细及双峰分布的粒度特征;靠近冷水团中心的沉积物主要受冷水团的作用,沉积物具有垂向均匀且较细、负偏及单峰分布的粒度特征,与此处非常弱且单一的水动力条件相关联;老黄河口外的水下三角洲主要受到沿岸流的侵蚀与改造作用,在一定范围内,改造作用的强度随离岸距离的增加而随之增强,沉积物粒度也由细变粗;以沿岸流侵蚀作用为主的南黄海西部海域,沉积物粒度较粗,概率分布曲线呈粗端多峰分布.因此,沉积物的粒度特征很好地记录了南黄海不同的典型沉积环境中的水动力条件状态和特征. 相似文献
4.
福建洛阳江河口湿地沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
沉积物粒度是反映湿地沉积环境的重要指标之一．利用Mastersizer2000型激光粒度仪对取自福建洛阳江河口不同类型湿地的6根短柱状沉积物样品进行了粒度分析．结果显示，该地区沉积物基本为粘土质粉砂，红树林湿地内的沉积物最细，分选程度最好；互花米草湿地圈闭了大量水流带来的粗、细颗粒物质，导致平均粒径相对较大，分选相对较差．粒度参数的相关分析结果显示，平均粒径与分选系数的显著正线性相关，揭示了该地区水动力作用弱、物质来源单一的沉积环境，显著增加了河口湿地沉积速率． 相似文献
5.
自1855年黄河入海位置由黄海改为渤海以来,尾闾经历了十余次大的改道,最近的两次大的人工改道分别发生于1976年和1996年。研究了取自黄河水下三角洲的两个沉积物岩心,系统开展了沉积物粒度、210 Pb放射性同位素分析。研究表明:两个沉积物岩心垂向上粒度组成出现突变,它们记录了1976、1996年两次黄河入海口的变迁。其中A19站下段(14.0~24.0cm)属于三角洲沉积,上段(0~14.0cm)属于海岸沉积,记录了1996年黄河从清水沟改道清8汊入海的河口变迁;A25站下段(15.5~24.0cm)属于正常海岸环境沉积,上段(0~15.5cm)属于三角洲沉积,记录了1976年黄河从刁口改道清水沟入海的变动。黄河入海口的变动导致该处沉积物岩心中210Pb曲线复杂化,出现了阶段式、倒置式等形态,该曲线形态与黄河入海口的波动相一致。 相似文献
6.
琼州海峡东口潮流沙脊主要受到东西向往复流和地形地貌的控制,是我国重要的海砂资源地。通过对琼州海峡东口海域350个站位的表层样粒度数据的分析,探讨了研究区的沉积物粒度特征,并划分了沉积环境。结果显示,研究区底质类型共17种,以砂、砾质砂、砾质泥质砂、泥质砂质砾、砂质粉砂为主,其中潮流沙脊区,主要分布有砂、砾质砂和砾质泥质砂,以东则分布有砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂,砂质砾和泥质砂质砾多分布于冲刷槽内。研究区沉积物砾、砂、粉砂、粘土的平均占比分别为9.7%、71.0%、15.3%、4.0%,平均粒径为2.15 φ,分选系数为1.69,其中潮流沙脊区砂占比多超过95.0%,平均粒径多小于2.00 φ,分选较好,随着水动力的减弱,由西向东,沉积物逐渐变细。通过聚类分析,研究区共划分出6类沉积区,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类沉积区分别代表潮流沙脊区和冲刷海槽区,Ⅲ类代表海湾环境,Ⅳ类代表潮流沙脊前缘,Ⅴ类代表开阔陆架,Ⅵ类代表河口水下三角洲沉积环境。 相似文献
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本文以渤海中部BZ01与B62两根柱状样沉积物为研究对象,通过沉积物的粘土矿物组成和黏土粒级(﹤2μ)元素地球化学特征,探讨了柱状样中沉积记录的变化规律,揭示了渤海中部沉积物的主要物质来源。通过对沉积物的研究发现,BZ01与B62柱状样中的粘土矿物组合为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙脱石,蒙脱石含量与蒙脱石-伊利石-(高岭石+绿泥石)三角端元图解表明沉积物与黄河沉积物有较大的亲缘性;BZ01与B62柱状样沉积物的稀土元素分异明显,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,两根柱状样沉积物的δEu和δCe值近似,均表现出明显的Eu异常和不明显的Ce异常的特点;物源判别结果表明渤海中部BZ01柱状样的0~155cm段与B62柱状样0~140cm段沉积物与黄河沉积物相接近。根据沉积物的地球化学特征和前人的研究结果,推测1855年的黄河改道是造成BZ01与B62柱状样沉积记录在155和140cm处发生变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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渤海南部Lz908 孔海陆交互沉积的粒度特征及其对沉积环境的指示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对采自莱州湾南岸的钻孔沉积物样品进行了粒度测试和分析。样品平均粒径介于3.3Φ~6.8Φ,以极细砂和粗粉砂为主,含有少量的黏土质;分选较差;偏度表现为正偏和极正偏;沉积物粒度表现为正态、正态-尖锐和尖锐,少数表现为平坦和极尖锐。粒度象图指示了历史时期持续高的初始沉积水动能和多种沉积环境的变化,粒度参数散点图反映了多种动能影响了沉积物的沉积改造,综合判别分析对沉积环境的限定,得到了莱州湾南岸沉积物受到河水径流、潮流、波浪等共同作用形成。沉积物总体反映了莱州湾南岸长时期处于河流相和三角洲相的沉积环境,少数较细的粒度表现可能与研究区的多期海侵过程相对应。结果表明了粒度的综合分析对渤海南部的沉积环境有良好的辨识,是判断沉积环境的重要指标。 相似文献
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对2013年8月在海南新村港潟湖采集的表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,揭示了该区表层沉积物的粒度特征和沉积物类型,结合高空间分辨率的水动力和水深数据,采用系统聚类和主成分相结合的方法划分现代沉积环境。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物主要有4种类型,以粉砂和粉砂质砂为主,分别分布在潟湖中部和近岸浅水区域。沉积物平均粒径变化较大(0~8.0 Ф),均值为4.6 Ф,沉积物随水深增大而逐渐变细;沉积物粒度组分以砂(平均含量43%)和粉砂(平均含量为52%)为主,黏土含量较少,平均含量为5%。聚类结果表明,平均粒径可分为两组:第一组平均粒径均大于5.5 Ф,均值为6.8 Ф;而第二组平均粒径均小于3.5 Ф,均值为2.2 Ф。此外,平均粒径与分选、偏态和峰态系数之间呈现出两种不同的相关关系。研究区大潮和小潮期间的均方根流速(RMSV)均值是7.5和6.9 cm/s,标准偏差分别是15.3和14.9 cm/s。当RMSV大于4 cm/s,RMSV与极细砂(63~125 μm)含量呈明显的正相关关系,这表明RMSV决定了潟湖沉积物中极细砂含量。聚类和主成分分析结果表明,平均粒径、峰态和分选系数是对沉积环境最为敏感的粒度参数组合,同时结合高空间分辨率的水动力和水深数据,将研究区沉积环境划分为3类。这样划分充分考虑了水动力、物源、地形及其相互作用,更能有效地揭示沉积环境的差异,尤其体现了适宜的粒度参数组合和高空间分辨率的水动力数据在沉积环境划分中的重要性。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献