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采用生物急性和慢性毒性实验的方法,研究了赤潮异弯藻对蒙古裸腹溞和日本新糠虾的毒性影响,并初步探讨了赤潮异弯藻导致二者较快死亡的机制。结果发现,赤潮异弯藻不仅对蒙古裸腹溞和日本新糠虾的存活有显著影响,而且使其个体变小、产幼前发育时间延长、总生殖量降低、平均存活时间缩短,种群数量增长受抑制。显微观察发现,蒙古裸腹溞能摄食赤潮异弯藻,但摄食后,其粪便紧紧地粘在蒙古裸腹溞的肠道末端;日本新糠虾不摄食赤潮异弯藻,但该藻粘附在其触须、附肢以及腹部、尾部的刚毛上,以及作为食物的卤虫幼体也被大量粘附在一起,聚集成团,或通过赤潮异弯藻粘附在日本新糠虾的附肢上。因此赤潮异弯藻很可能通过干扰蒙古裸腹溞和日本新糠虾正常的生理活动,而导致其快速死亡。 相似文献
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蒙古裸腹Sao染色体组型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对驯养于实验室自然海水的蒙古裸腹Sao(Moina mongolica Daday)染色体进行了分析、研究。结果表明：蒙古裸腹Sao染色体数目为n=12,2n=24,其中10条为中部着丝点染色体,2条为亚中部着丝点染色体,12条为端部着丝点染色体,总臂数NF＝36,其核型公式为2N＝10M＋2SM＋12T。本文还与Sao属（Daphnia)6个种类的染色体形态进行了比较,并对蒙古裸腹Sao孤雌生殖与两性生殖及性转化的问题开展了讨论。 相似文献
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实验设置了一直投喂、周期性饥饿1,2,3,4d和一直饥饿6个处理组,采用轮虫单个体培养,检验周期性饥饿对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)实验种群特征参数的影响.结果表明:一直投喂组的生殖价最高,对轮虫种群的潜在增长最有利,随饥饿强度的增大,生殖价减小.不同处理下,轮虫个体寿命与其生殖期之间存在显著的正相关(r=0.747).轮虫在受到饥饿后,寿命略有增长,但不同处理对轮虫的平均寿命(10.8~13.1d)和生殖期(6.3~8.3d)均未达到显著差异(P>0.05).饥饿强度增大时,轮虫个体的总产幼数、总产卵量显著下降(P<0.05),产第1幼、最后1幼、第1卵、最后1卵时间显著延长(P<0.05);同时,种群参数的世代时间(T)随饥饿强度增加而增大,内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)和净生殖率(R0)却明显下降. 相似文献
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在恒温条件下,观察了平突船卵潘、隆线溞、微型裸腹溞的生长和繁殖。这三种淡水枝角类的生长随龄数的增加而变慢;总生活时间随温度升高而缩短。 平突船卵溞在20℃时,有3个幼龄、18个成龄、总生活时间为46.8天;30℃时为3个幼龄、15个成龄和18.8天。30℃时,隆线溞有3个幼龄、14个成龄、总生活时间为18.7天;微型裸腹溞则为2个幼龄、9个成龄和10.7天。 种类不同,累计产卵数相差很大。隆线溞在30℃时高达366个;微型裸腹溞仅为48个。平突船卵溞在20℃和30℃时分别为178个和172个。产卵率以隆线溞为最高(1.41);微型裸腹溞较低(1.055)。30℃时,平突船卵溞的内禀增长力为1.04;20℃仅为o.47;隆线溞和微型裸腹溞依次为0.86,0.97。 相似文献
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黑褐新糠虾生物学的研究——Ⅱ.生活史的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
关于黑褐新糠虾Neomysis awatschensis(Brandt)的种群和生殖特点,作者已有报道并指出该种在华北每年有四个世代,其生殖随季节和水温变化而有所不同。 为进一步研究这种糠虾生命周期各阶段的情况,我们用同一世代的生殖雌体,连续培养数代,对其繁殖、发育、生长和蜕皮,以及寿命等进行了实验观察,现将研究结果报道如 相似文献
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为了提高膨腹海马(Hippocampus abdominalis)养殖效率,了解温度、配对方式与数量、养殖密度等对膨腹海马生长、存活及生殖的影响,本研究测定了不同温度、不同雌雄数量比对膨腹海马亲本产苗量的影响和不同培育密度对膨腹海马苗种生长、存活的影响。研究结果表明：膨腹海马亲鱼适宜的繁殖水温范围为16.0～19.0 ℃;膨腹海马雌雄鱼比例控制在1∶1、2∶3的范围内繁殖效果最佳,产苗量相对较高;膨腹海马苗种生产的早期阶段(30日龄前),最适培育密度为0.50～1.00尾/L,中期阶段(30～60日龄),最适培育密度为0.25～0.50尾/L。本研究为膨腹海马人工繁殖与育苗技术提供了科学数据。 相似文献
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庙岛群岛的光棘球海胆主要分布于北四岛（南、北隍城岛,大、小钦岛）,砣矶岛及大、小竹山岛等,而南五岛极少分布。砣矶岛的海胆多是２～３年生壳径４～６ｃｍ的个体,海胆性腺成熟期为７月中旬至８月中旬,性腺发育与水温、栖息场和饵料等有关。海胆体重随季节而变化,繁殖季节体重Ｗ（ｇ）与壳径Ｄ（ｃｍ）相关,Ｗ＝２．５８２Ｄ２．０３４（ｒ＝０．８７）,性腺重ＧＷ（ｇ）与壳径Ｄ（ｃｍ）关系为ＧＷ＝０．０４０３Ｄ３．０８２８（ｒ＝０．８２７３）,壳径Ｄ（ｃｍ）与壳高Ｈ（ｃｍ）呈线性关系Ｈ＝０．５２２５Ｄ＋０．０６６８（ｒ＝０．９０７８）。壳径生长随年龄而变慢,２．８ｃｍ的幼海胆年增长２．１ｃｍ;６．１ｃｍ的成海胆年增长０．４３ｃｍ。光棘球海胆嗜食海带和裙带菜,平均日摄食量６．０ｃｍ的海胆为２．６ｇ,４．０ｃｍ的为１．３４ｇ,３．１ｃｍ的为１．３ｇ,幼海胆摄食率较高的原因是因其生长发育快速,活动强度和代谢水平高。 相似文献
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于1995年3月在日本Tokushima的裙带菜养殖基地分离和培养若干单倍体克隆并利用新近发展起来的单倍体丰富培养技术将分离的单倍体进行丰富培养。1996年3月,以不同来源的裙带菜雌雄单倍体克隆进行不同组合的种内杂交实验,并利用多个单倍体克隆作为种源的对照。杂交所得到的不同幼孢子体在室内被培养在15℃,L：D（光暗比）＝16：8,光强255μmol／（m2·s）。在培养的过程中对幼孢子体进行了形态和生长的测定。生长的测定是利用计算机支持的生物图像自动测定系统（computer－aidedbioimagesystem）对完成的。这套系统可以准确的利用自动成像装置结合相应的软件来测定幼孢子体的面积的增长或连续的相对生长速度,这样可以克服只测量长度的增长而忽视宽度和整个面积的增长的缺点。结果表明：（1）利用裙带菜单倍体克隆交配所得到幼孢子体（0．8－1．5cm）的形态具有高度的相似性,其生长速度也具有同步性;（2）不同单倍体克隆交配所得到幼孢子体的形态和生长速度具有显著的差异。因而,单倍体克隆交配所得到孢子体具有高度相同的形态特征在幼孢子体阶段得到证实。这一结果的意义在于可以通过筛选生长速度较快的杂交组合作为品系培育的基础材料,并结合具有其它的优良经济性状的单倍体克隆进行新品种的培 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献