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1.
不同饵料对桡足类无节幼体存活、发育的影响研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在食物中碳质量浓度为1.0 mg/L的条件下,通过室内实验研究了不同食物对中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)无节幼体存活和发育的影响。结果表明,桡足类无节幼体发育速度与存活率之间存在正相关关系。单种食物中粒径较小的微绿球藻和三角褐指藻在桡足类开口摄食期是最适宜的饵料,但在发育后期以及整个发育期则粒径较大的亚心型扁藻和中肋骨条藻更为适宜。在相同的发育阶段,小型桡足类双刺纺锤水蚤和中型桡足类中华哲水蚤对于食物粒径的选择也是不同的。与非硅藻食物相比,硅藻并非桡足类无节幼体发育的理想食物,而单种硅藻对桡足类无节幼体发育的负面影响可以通过对混合食物的摄食得到有效的减弱。 相似文献
2.
分别以高氮(摩尔C/N=8.5)、低氮(C/N=12.7)和氮添加(C/N=9.6)亚心形四爿藻(Tetraselmis subcordiformis)喂食安氏伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)的幼体和成体,研究了此水蚤在不同氮条件下的生长、发育和摄食。随着藻细胞C/N比值的升高,安氏伪镖水蚤的生长速率从(0.067±0.001)/d减缓到(0.056±0.001)/d,同时,高氮条件下,幼体分别发育5d和18d后进入桡足幼体期和成体期,氮添加实验组与之相仿,低氮条件下则推迟到第8天进入桡足幼体期。随着藻细胞C/N比值的升高,安氏伪镖水蚤各个时期个体的氮含量显著降低,存活率也随之降低。处于高氮或氮添加条件下的无节幼体、桡足幼体和成体的氮摄食率[(0.53-0.95)×10?4mgN/(ind·h)]均比低氮条件[(0.32-0.6)×10?4mgN/(ind·h)]要高,但仅成体的碳摄食率在高氮条件下达(8.11±1.21)×10?4mgC/(ind·h),明显高于低碳条件下的(7.54±0.35)mgC/(ind·h)。结果表明:氮缺乏对安氏伪镖水蚤的生长发育和摄食等均有明显的抑制作用。氮添加条件下的饵料仅部分逆转这种抑制作用,暗示安氏伪镖水蚤的生长和摄食除受氮元素的直接限制外,还可能由于饵料在低氮时缺乏某些化合物而受限。 相似文献
3.
饵料、温度和盐度对两种海洋桡足类摄食与排粪的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华哲水蚤是中国近海典型的浮游桡足类,猛水蚤是青岛胶州湾和汇泉湾常见底栖桡足类,研究2种海洋桡足类的摄食和排粪规律可为大量培养桡足类提供最佳条件。论文研究了在6种不同饵料(球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、小球藻、绿色巴夫藻、三角褐指藻、小新月菱形藻)的条件下,温度和盐度对中华哲水蚤和猛水蚤摄食和排粪的影响。温度和盐度对2种桡足类摄食和排粪的影响具有种间差异性。中华哲水蚤在15℃的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率高于在20和25℃的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率。在15、20和25℃3个温度范围内,猛水蚤的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率随温度升高而升高。在20～36盐度范围内,中华哲水蚤的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率随盐度的升高先升高后降低,在盐度为28时达到最大值,猛水蚤的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率随盐度升高而逐渐降低,猛水蚤摄食和排粪的最适盐度为20。温度和盐度实验均表明,在6种饵料中,亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻有利于中华哲水蚤的摄食,球等鞭金藻有利于猛水蚤的摄食,而小球藻对2种桡足类的摄食均不利。 相似文献
4.
论文以强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanuscarssirostris)为研究对象,研究了不同培养温度(18℃、22℃、26℃、30℃)、不同种类微藻(球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)、牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica))饵料以及不同饵料质量浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、5μgC/mL)对强额孔雀水蚤摄食的影响。结果表明:强额孔雀水蚤的清滤率随温度上升而上升,随饵料浓度上升而下降,26℃~30℃以及饵料浓度为0.5μgC/mL时清滤率较高;滤食率和摄食率随温度上升而上升,摄食球等鞭金藻和牟氏角毛藻时,在26℃时达到最高;摄食青岛大扁藻时,两者随温度升高持续上升。对3种藻的摄食率大小顺序为:青岛大扁藻>球等鞭金藻>牟氏角毛藻;强额孔雀水蚤摄食碳量占体碳比较高,远高于中华哲水蚤(Calanussinicus)、海洋伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)等大中型桡足类;强额孔雀水蚤的最适饵料等效球直径约为11.5μm,青岛大扁藻为强额孔雀水蚤较适口的饵料。 相似文献
5.
微型浮游动物在抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)引发褐潮时表现的摄食压力可潜在控制褐潮的爆发和消亡。本研究就三种海洋常见原生动物——海洋尖尾藻(Oxyrrhis marina)、海洋尾丝虫(Uronema marinum)和扇形游仆虫(Euplotes vannus)——对单种饵料及混合饵料中抑食金球藻中国株的摄食进行了研究。单种抑食金球藻指数期细胞喂食的三种原生动物的生长率和摄食率呈现米氏方程变化趋势。比较三种原生动物摄食抑食金球藻的最大摄食率, 发现其随动物粒径的增大而增大, 但仅为摄食球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)的30%~59%。海洋尖尾藻和海洋尾丝虫的最大生长率(μmax)与饵料种类无关, 扇形游仆虫摄食抑食金球藻时的μmax值小于摄食球等鞭金藻的个体。海洋尖尾藻、海洋尾丝虫和扇形游仆虫摄食抑食金球藻时的毛生长率(gross growth efficiency, GGE)分别为65.8%、35.2%和49.1%。三种原生动物摄食抑食金球藻指数期细胞和球等鞭金藻以不同比例混合的饵料时表现出对抑食金球藻的选择倾向; 在含有抑食金球藻稳定期细胞的混合饵料喂食的情况下, 三种原生动物避食抑食金球藻或不表现明显摄食倾向性。抑食金球藻释放胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance, EPS)的测定结果显示, 细胞从指数期生长至稳定期释放出的EPS的水平显著上升(P<0.05), 可能与原生动物对不同生长期藻细胞具有不同选择偏好有关。 相似文献
6.
大弹涂鱼仔、稚、幼鱼消化系统的发育及其食性的研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文观察描述了人工培育的大弹涂鱼仔、稚鱼和早期幼鱼消化器官的发育过程,并对各发育阶段的食性进行较深入的分析。开口摄食期主要摄食微型颗粒有机碎屑;全长3.55mm以上,同时还援食桡足类无节幼体、桡足幼体及其成体;全长7.50mm以上,桡足类成体已取代有机碎屑而成为主要饵料。进入幼鱼期后,转变为摄食底栖硅藻为主,兼食桡足类和海泥中的有机碎屑。 相似文献
7.
几种环境因子对墨氏胸刺水蚤摄食的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了不同藻类、藻细胞密度、温度、盐度、容器容积、昼夜变化等环境因子对浮游桡足类墨氏胸刺水蚤(Centropagesmcmurrichi)的摄食关系。结果表明:1)藻种类、藻细胞密度对墨氏胸刺水蚤的清滤率和滤食率都有显著影响;2)墨氏胸刺水蚤对4种藻的摄食顺序为球等鞭金藻(摄食率I=12.418μgC/ind穐)>角毛藻(I=9.824μgC/ind穐)>异胶藻(I=6.683μgC/ind穐)>小球藻(I=5.229μgC/ind穐);3)温度在6~20℃范围内变化对墨氏胸刺水蚤的清滤率和滤食率无显著影响,但以10~15℃为佳。盐度对墨氏胸刺水蚤的清滤率和滤食率有显著影响,最适摄食盐度为20~27;4)容器容积和昼夜变化对墨氏胸刺水蚤的摄食影响不显著。 相似文献
8.
核酸指标可表征桡足类营养及生长状态, 然而多物种和多指标比较研究的相对缺乏却限制了现场海区调查中对核酸标志物的广泛应用。本研究测定了系列饵料浓度(0.2~2.0μg C·mL-1)喂食的安氏伪镖水蚤Pseudodiaptomus annandalei的桡足幼体Ⅱ期个体的摄食率、生长率及成体产卵率, 并就生化组成, 包括RNA含量、DNA含量、蛋白含量(以下简写为PRO)、RNA:DNA、RNA:PRO、DNA:PRO及元素组成(N含量、P含量、C:N 和C:P比值)进行定量分析和计算。摄食率、生长率、产卵率及桡足幼体的RNA相关的核酸指标随饵料浓度的变化趋势均符合双曲线模型, 而雌性成体中仅RNA:DNA比值符合此模型。对RNA相关指标与各生理参数的相关性分析显示, 桡足幼体的RNA相关指标均与摄食率及生长率呈显著线性相关性, 显著程度的顺序为RNA:DNA>RNA:PRO>RNA含量; 雌性成体中RNA:DNA及RNA:PRO比值与产卵率显著相关, 前者的相关性远较后者显著。此结果表明, 在常用的现场浮游桡足类调查的标志比值(RNA:DNA比值或RNA含量)之外, RNA:PRO比值亦可作为指示桡足类生长状态的标志比值, 但是当指示体生长时, 桡足类必须处于同一生长阶段。RNA相关指标与饵料浓度之间稳固的双曲线相关性提示我们, RNA相关指标可帮助评估桡足类的饵料环境。 相似文献
9.
甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(Emamectinbenzoate,EMB)(简称甲维盐)作为一种新型高效安全的农药,近年来得到了广泛的使用。为探讨甲维盐对海洋桡足类的影响,本文以安氏伪镖水蚤为研究对象,通过急慢性暴露实验研究了不同甲维盐浓度对安氏伪镖水蚤摄食、呼吸、发育、生殖的影响。结果表明,甲维盐对安氏伪镖水蚤的48h LC50和96h LC50分别为4.13和1.98μg/L;随着甲维盐浓度的升高,安氏伪镖水蚤的摄食率呈现降低趋势;在甲维盐浓度0.25μg/L时,安氏伪镖水蚤呼吸率显著升高,而甲维盐浓度超过0.50μg/L时,呼吸率呈现降低的趋势;在甲维盐高浓度组(0.2000μg/L),第二世代的发育时间显著延长,存活率与生殖力均显著降低。以上结果说明,安氏伪镖水蚤对甲维盐较为敏感,高浓度甲维盐会影响安氏伪镖水蚤的摄食、呼吸、发育和生殖,进而可能影响到其种群动态。本研究为进一步判定甲维盐的生态风险以及我国海洋渔业环境保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
火腿许水蚤对牙鲆仔稚鱼成活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在分析火腿许水蚤、卤虫无节幼体及轮虫这3种饵料生物脂肪酸组成的基础上,研究它们对牙鲆仔稚鱼存活、生长及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:火腿许水蚤体内3种高度不饱和脂肪酸(ARA,EPA,DHA)总量为34.18%,明显高于其它2种动物的含量(卤虫无节幼体4.67%;小球藻强化轮虫9.39%)。投喂火腿许水蚤的仔鱼成活率极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔鱼,与投喂混合饵料(卤虫无节幼体和火腿许水蚤按比例混合)的仔鱼存活率差异较显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的仔鱼。投喂火腿许水蚤的稚鱼成活率显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体的稚鱼,与投喂混合饵料的稚鱼存活率差异不显著;其全长增长倍数和增重倍数极显著高于投喂卤虫无节幼体和混合饵料的稚鱼。投火腿许水蚤的仔稚鱼体内ARA、EPA、DHA的含量明显高于投喂混合饵料的和投喂卤虫无节幼体的仔稚鱼。 相似文献
11.
Brown tides have recurred in estuary areas globally,but trophic interactions between the causative species Aureococcus anophagefferens and planktonic copepods remain poorly understood.In this study,we investigated performance(ingestion,growth,development and reproduction) of the planktonic copepod,Pseudodiaptomus poplesia,offered either mono-algal or mixed-algal diets containing a Chinese strain of A.anophagefferens.A typical Michaelis-Menten pattern existed between ingestion rate and food level when copepod fed on the monoalgal diet of this species.Nauplii exhibited the highest maximum ingestion rate(Imax) than copepodids and adult females.In addition,Imax value was higher in nauplii feeding on A.anophagefferens than on Skeletonema costatum.When fed mixtures of A.anophagefferens and S.costatum,P.poplesia selected against A.anophagefferens cells,but less strongly at the naupliar stage.Nauplii did not undergo metamorphosis and died at late naupliar stages feeding on A.anophagefferens alone,similar to those under starvation.Furthermore,the presence of A.anophagefferens greatly reduced the reproduction rate of females in mixtures but did not influence the growth rate of copepodids.These results suggest that P.poplesia nauplii may exert grazing pressure on A.anophagefferens population during a brown tide,which,however,may not be persistent because of copepod population decline. 相似文献
12.
Reproductive success of Calanus pacificus during diatom blooms in Dabob Bay, Washington 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
While numerous laboratory studies in the last decade have shown that diatoms can induce reproductive failure in copepods, field evidence for a negative diatom effect is equivocal. To unambiguously elucidate the effects diatoms have on copepod reproduction in situ, we undertook a study of the abundance, distribution, grazing rates, and reproductive success of Calanus pacificus in Dabob Bay, Washington, USA, during two spring bloom periods. We simultaneously measured the phytoplankton composition, abundance, and distribution. Here we present results for the reproductive success of C. pacificus using four measurements: egg production rate, clutch size, egg hatching success, and naupliar survival (to the first feeding stage). Egg production rate was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration, and egg hatching success and naupliar survival were usually greater than 80%. However, in February 2002 and 2003 – during blooms of diatoms of the genus Thalassiosira – either egg hatching success, naupliar survival, or both were significantly depressed compared to other times in spring and summer. These effects, combined with evidence that C. pacificus was grazing aldehyde-producing Thalassiosira at the time of their blooms, indicate that diatoms can negatively affect copepod reproduction in the field, albeit only under specific circumstances and for brief periods. 相似文献
13.
14.
中型浮游动物因摄食微型浮游动物,释放了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,这种营养级联效应会增加浮游植物丰度和降低中型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率,从而弱化浮游生物网营养传递过程中的下行控制作用。本研究在实验室模拟了食物链中肋骨条藻-裸甲藻-双毛纺锤水蚤的营养传递过程,发现在中肋骨条藻低生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好于选择摄食裸甲藻;高生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好选择摄食中肋骨条藻。营养传递过程中存在正的级联效应(0.018~0.12 d^-1),级联效应的大小与裸甲藻的摄食率和双毛纺锤水蚤对裸甲藻的摄食选择指数呈现显著的正相关关系。双毛纺锤水蚤对中肋骨条藻的直接摄食死亡率大于营养级联效应,从而导致中肋骨条藻生物量的降低。因此,营养级联效应对中型浮游动物摄食浮游植物的影响要弱于中型浮游动物的直接摄食作用。 相似文献
15.
研究6种饵料微藻：微绿球藻（Nannochloropsis oculata）、小球藻（Chlorella．sp）、球等鞭金藻（Isochrysis galbana）、三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum）、亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subordi-formis）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）对双刺纺锤水蚤（Acartia bifilosa）雌体繁殖的影响，以探索适合培养双刺纺锤水蚤的藻类。应用解剖镜下计数方法对雌体存活率、产卵率、孵化率、排粪率几个指标进行检测。结果表明微绿球藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻明显不适于用作雌体饵料；中肋骨条藻组产卵率最高，亚心形扁藻和三角褐指藻组的产卵率没有显著差异；亚心形扁藻组的排粪率明显低于中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻组；摄食三角褐指藻的雌体所产的卵其平均孵化率要显著低于亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻；亚心形扁藻组雌体的产卵率尽管较中肋骨条藻组低，但却保持最高的雌体存活率，而且排粪率也要比中肋骨条藻低得多。综合比较得出结论：6种饵料微藻中，亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻是两种最适宜培养双刺纺锤水蚤雌体的优良饵料，二者混合使用效果会更好。 相似文献
16.
Katherine M. Papastephanou Stephen M. Bollens Anne M. Slaughter 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3078
Cross-shelf distribution and abundance of copepod nauplii and copepodids were measured during three summer upwelling seasons (2000–2002) in a coastal upwelling zone off northern California. These 3 years varied considerably in the intensity of winds, abundance of chlorophyll, and water temperature. The cruises in 2000 were characterized by relaxation conditions, with generally high levels of chlorophyll and high water temperature. The cruises in 2001 and 2002 were dominated by strong and persistent upwelling events, leading to lower chlorophyll and water temperatures. The copepod assemblage was dominated by Oithona spp., Acartia spp. and Pseudocalanus spp., with Metridia pacifica (lucens), Microsetella rosea, Oncaea spp. and Tortanus discaudatus also common during all 3 years. The cross-shelf distribution of copepods was generally shifted offshore during upwelling and onshore during relaxation events, although some variability between species occurred. Abundance of all life stages generally exhibited a negative correlation with cross-shelf transport averaged over at least 1–4 days and lagged by 0–3 days, indicating lower abundances during and immediately after active upwelling. However, copepod nauplii seemed to respond positively to wind events lasting 1–5 days followed by a period of relaxation lasting 6 or 7 days. These rapid rates of change in abundance are probably too great to be due to in situ growth and reproduction alone; physical processes must also play a role. These results suggest a highly dynamic relationship between copepods and upwelling events off northern California, with species-specific responses to upwelling to be expected. 相似文献
17.
A time series of zooplankton sampling carried out at Station 18 off Concepción (36°S, 73°W) from August 2002 to December 2003 allowed the study of annual life cycles of the copepods Calanus chilensis and Centropages brachiatus in association with environmental variability in the coastal upwelling zone. Changes in the abundance of eggs, nauplii, and copepodids were assessed from samples taken at a mean time interval of ca. 20 days. Upwelling variability in near-surface waters was reflected in seasonal changes in salinity, water column stratification, and oxycline depth, as well as a weak seasonal signal in sea surface temperature (1-2 °C). Both copepods exhibited similar life cycles, characterized by continuous reproduction throughout the year. Estimates of generation times, as a function of temperature, were 25-30 days for C. chilensis and 27-35 days for C. brachiatus, predicting about 12 and 10 generations a year, respectively. These estimates were consistent with reproduction pulses observed in the field. It was thus suggested that copepods may grow under non-limiting food conditions in this upwelling area. However, despite continuous reproduction, there were abrupt changes in population sizes along with the disappearance of early naupliar and copepodid stages taking place even during the upwelling season (spring/summer). These changes were attributed to sudden increases in mortality taking place in spring or early summer, after which the populations remained at low levels through the fall and winter. It is thus suggested that, in addition to variability in the physical environment, biological interactions modulating changes in copepod mortality should be considered for understanding copepod life cycles in highly productive upwelling systems. 相似文献
18.
采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。 相似文献
19.
采用实验生态学的方法,研究了大型海藻鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)对赤潮微藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的克生效应及其对 CO2加富的响应变化.结果表明,正常培养的鼠尾藻新鲜组织、干粉末和水溶性抽提液能够导致中肋骨条藻的细胞密度显著降低(P<0.05), CO2加富培养的鼠尾藻新鲜组织、干粉末和水溶性抽提液能够更加明显地抑制中肋骨条藻种群生长(P<0.01).实验结果证实鼠尾藻对中肋骨条藻具有克生效应,而 CO2加富培养引起了鼠尾藻对中肋骨条藻克生效应的变化,使其对中肋骨条藻生长的抑制作用显著加强.正常培养的鼠尾藻培养水过滤液能够显著抑制中肋骨条藻的生长(P<0.05),而 CO2加富培养的鼠尾藻培养水过滤液对中肋骨条藻的生长没有表现出明显的影响(P>0.05),因此推测 CO2加富培养可能改变了鼠尾藻对中肋骨条藻克生作用的方式,作用方式由分泌克生物质转变为细胞直接接触转递. 相似文献
20.
采用单养和混养的方法,在实验条件下研究了东海原甲藻对中华哲水蚤摄食和消化酶活性的影响.结果表明:(1)中华哲水蚤对东海原甲藻存在一定摄食行为,藻类密度对摄食率有明显的影响.实验密度下,中华哲水蚤对东海原甲藻的最大摄食率为930cells/(ind·h).滤水率随着藻密度的增加而呈单一性的下降;(2)混养条件下,中华哲水蚤对金藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率均较单养时下降,滤水率的变化与摄食率相似;(3)不同藻密度下,昆布多糖酶活性都明显高于麦芽糖酶和纤维二糖酶的活性,而麦芽糖酶活性又稍高于纤维二糖酶的活性.与金藻相比,东海原甲藻实验组中华哲水蚤3种消化酶活性明显升高(P<0.05). 相似文献