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1.
生物活性铁(Fe)进入生物地球化学循环中能够调节碳循环,影响海洋初级生产力,间接影响全球气候变化。决定Fe生物可利用度的关键因子是可溶Fe含量,其中大气气溶胶的长距离传输是上层海洋获取生物可利用Fe的重要来源。近年来,对气溶胶中的Fe及溶解度的研究取得了重要进展,包括对不同区域Fe质量浓度和溶解度的观测以及对Fe溶解度影响因素的讨论。基于以上研究成果,汇总了近二十年全球部分陆地和海洋站点观测所得的不同粒径气溶胶颗粒物中的Fe质量浓度及其溶解度数据;重点介绍了气溶胶沉降入海洋前影响Fe溶解度的主要因素,包括Fe的来源、大气物理过程以及大气化学和传输混合过程等,并就各影响因素间的关联及相对重要性展开讨论;对未来气溶胶Fe的研究方向和方法提出建议。 相似文献
2.
1986年11月—1987年5月,在中国第三次南极考察和环球科学考察期间,收集了58个海洋气溶胶样品,采用中子活化法分析了Al,V,Mn,I,Br,Mg,Na,Cl等元素。应用因子分析、回归分析和富集因子分析对气溶胶中元素进行分类、定量评估和来源判别,讨论不同来源元素的特征,计算各主要来源的贡献分量。结果表明,海洋气溶胶中Al的99.99％是来自陆源地壳风化物,Na的99.2％。和Cl的99.99％是来自海水,V的91.4％。来自陆源污染物。因此,Al可作为海洋气溶胶中陆源地壳风化物的示踪元素,Na和Cl可作为海水源示踪元素,非地壳源的V则可选择为陆源污染物的示踪元素。 相似文献
3.
在对海流和地质背景分析的基础上将源区黑潮划分为3个区域,即北赤道流区、吕宋岛以东海区和台湾东部黑潮主干区,归纳总结了其沉积物矿物组成、元素组分特征和物源研究结论,探讨了黑潮输入对东海沉积物的影响。总体看来,黑潮源区沉积物的主要外来源是菲律宾群岛、菲律宾岛弧、台湾河流输入和亚洲大陆风尘的输入。黑潮源区沉积物矿物分布受菲律宾海沟的阻隔、北赤道流与黑潮的营力作用、海底火山热液活动和水深影响较大,常量元素组成主要与海底地形和水深有关,稀土元素组成表现出具有明显陆源输入的边缘海沉积特征,Sr、Nd同位素组成的研究在该区主要用于追踪亚洲风尘输入。由于黑潮入侵东海多分支的复杂性,东海黑潮对陆架沉积物的影响尚需深入研究。进一步研究应在台湾东部沉积物物源分析、黑潮输入对东海沉积物影响的历史变化、多指标整合的综合分析方法、有效物源识别端元的构建等方面展开。深入研究黑潮源区沉积特征及物源可有效揭示黑潮流域变化、构造活动和气候变化等,且探明黑潮输入对东海陆架沉积物分布的影响有利于揭示东海生态环境变化和海洋资源环境的可持续利用。 相似文献
4.
中国近海大气气溶胶的时间和地理分布特征 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
通过对中国近海10个航次气溶胶观测资料的统计分析得出:(1)从黄海、东海至日本以南海域气溶胶中地壳元素年平均浓度明显减小,在春季尘暴多发期间地壳元素浓度离到岸距离接指数规律递减.污染元素气溶胶浓度分布与陆源排放量和离岸距离有一定关系.(2)海上陆源气溶胶浓度的季节分布为:春季最大,秋冬次之,夏季最小.受日本排放源的影响,日本以南海域污染元素浓度最大值出现在冬季.(3)Se元素浓度与海洋源密切相关.海盐元素从黄海、东海至日本以南海域浓度逐渐增加,主要受周围海况影响,与风速呈现一定程度的正相关.影响近海气溶胶浓度的主要因素有陆源气溶胶排放量、降水分布和大尺度天气形势. 相似文献
5.
The chemical composition (43 elements) of aerosols is reviewed for the Caspian Sea based on nine samples taken in the winter and autumn of 2005. The aerosols are considered as geological material incoming to the sea from the atmosphere. The major aerosol components are distinguished and the degree of the concentration is calculated for a series of trace elements relative to their contents in the lithosphere. Se, Cd, Sb, Au, and Pb are concentrated by one-two orders of magnitude, which is related to the pollution. A correlation matrix is given for the studied elements, and their relations with the major components of the aerosols are revealed. 相似文献
6.
ＴｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆａｅｒｏｓｏｌｓｉｎｔｈｅＫｕｒｏｓｈｉｏａｒｅａ－Ⅰ．Ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｆｌｕｘｅｓ￥ＣｈｅｎＬｉｑｉ；ＹａｎｇＸｕｌｉｎ；ＴａｎｇＲｏｎｇｋｕｎａｎｄＹｕＱｕｎ＇（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＦｅｂｒ... 相似文献
7.
挥发性有机物排放是目前大气环境污染的一个焦点问题，以苯、甲苯、乙苯和邻/间/对二甲苯（BTEX）为主要代表的单环芳烃是其中一类重要的化合物。受人类生产活动的影响，BTEX在大气、土壤、地表及地下径流、海洋中普遍存在，其环境效应与生态毒害受到广泛关注。本文从大气 海水 沉积物 生物体入手，综述了海洋环境中BTEX的分布、来源及其迁移过程等研究进展。研究显示海洋环境中BTEX浓度变化范围较大，在分布上呈现出近海高、远洋低的趋势。海洋中BTEX的主要来源是人为来源，即海洋是陆源BTEX重要的汇，而海 气交换和生物降解则被认为是BTEX的主要去除途径。此外，本文阐释了海洋中BTEX的生态与大气环境效应。BTEX具有生物毒性，威胁海洋生物的生存与繁衍，破坏海洋生态系统平衡；而进入大气的BTEX能够影响大气的氧化能力，对于臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的形成具有重要贡献。尽管海洋BTEX研究取得了一定的认识，但目前海洋环境不同介质中BTEX来源解析、迁移转化过程及生物毒性机理亟需深入系统研究，为深入认识BTEX的生物地球化学过程与环境效应奠定基础。 相似文献
8.
Qian Fenlan Yu Hongjian Lan Youchang Chen Zhi Zhou Mingyu Farn Parungo Wu Peiming 《海洋学报(英文版)》1996,15(1):69-84
ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｉｎｐｕｔｏｆｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｔｏｔｈｅｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎａｎｄｔｈｅＫｕｒｏｓｈｉｏｏｃｅａｎａｒｅａ￥ＱｉａｎＦｅｎｌａｎ；ＹｕＨｏｎｇｊｉａｎ；ＬａｎＹｏｕｃｈａｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＺｈｉ；Ｚｈｏｕ... 相似文献
9.
N. V. Lobus 《Oceanology》2016,56(6):809-818
The chemical composition of zooplankton in the Kara Sea Basin has been studied. Independent samplings of the open sea and the Blagopoluchie and Tsivol’ki bays of Novaya Zemlya testify to the similarity of the distribution pattern of all the studied elements. The chemical composition of samples is predominated by organic carbon (49.5 ± 4.8% of dry weight). The other most important constituent elements are Na, P, S, K, Mg, and Ca. Their average total concentrations are 4.82 ± 0.1%. From an analysis of the composition of major and trace elements of zooplankton in the Kara Sea and the bays of Novaya Zemlya, three groups of elements have been specified: with similar (Сorg, K, S, P, Al, Ti, Sc, Cd, Se, Cs, and Rb), lower (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ba, B, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Co, Sb, Mo, Ag, Be, Ga, and Hg), and higher (Li, As, and U) contents compared to their mean concentrations in ocean zooplankton. 相似文献
10.
大气沉降是陆源物质向海洋输入营养盐的重要方式,沙尘、野火和火山喷发均能够产生气溶胶,这些典型的自然源气溶胶在风场的作用下,能够进行远距离的输运,期间由于沉降作用进入海洋,为上层海洋提供限制性营养盐促进海洋浮游植物生长,提升海洋的初级生产力,促进碳循环过程。以海表叶绿素浓度作为海洋初级生产力的重要指标,通过海表叶绿素浓度的响应,探究沙尘、野火和火山这三种典型自然源气溶胶的传输路径及其沉降对海洋初级生产的影响。结果显示,海洋初级生产对气溶胶沉降的响应不仅与气溶胶排放类型有关,也与温度、动力过程、光合有效辐射等海域初级生产影响因素有关,体现了海洋初级生产对自然源气溶胶的敏感性,自然源气溶胶沉降所驱动的海洋初级生产在全球碳循环中具有重要的潜在影响。 相似文献
11.
On the basis of the in situ data of DO2, pH, SiO2. PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N collected in the north of the East China Sea during 1987-1988, the following points are mainly expounded.1.The inorgonic nutrients are obviously affected by continent runoff in the north of the East China Sea. Their distributions are characteristic of its distribution of terrigenous materials.2.There are three transport paths of nutrients from the shelf to the Kuroshio area. The first is mixing-diffusing-advec-tion and upwelling process, the process of biology and biochemistry belongs to the second, and the sinking process is the last one.3.The swing of the Kuroshio axis affectes both the range of the migration of substances through mixing-diffusing-advec-tion process and the upwelling degree of the subsurface Kuroshio water to the shelf.4.Most part of the substances sink as macroparticles to the deep layer before reaching the Kuroshio area. 相似文献
12.
由于传统持久性有机污染物（POPs）如有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）在全球范围内被广泛的限制或禁用,各种环境介质中的污染物浓度呈现逐年降低的趋势。西北太平洋作为远离大陆的开放性海域,无明显的污染点源,其洋流在POPs的输送和扩散过程中扮演重要的角色。本研究采集西北太平洋黑潮区表层和次表层（2～5 m和150 m）水体为研究对象,分析其中溶解态OCPs（六六六（HCHs）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、氯丹（CHLs））和PCBs的浓度及组成特征。结果显示,黑潮区表层水体中HCHs、DDTs、CHLs和PCBs的浓度范围分别为30.7～68.8 pg/L、6.16～23.8 pg/L、1.07～5.75 pg/L和49.8～124 pg/L;次表层水体中分别为27.3～68.4 pg/L、7.06～14.1 pg/L、0.518～10.1 pg/L和34.1～68.4 pg/L。HCHs各异构体的比值特征表明该海域以林丹输入为主,而DDTs和CHLs的比值结果显示,该海域水体中滴滴涕和氯丹均主要是来自于历史残留。水体中PCBs主要以三氯联苯、四氯联苯为主,与东亚多氯联苯的历史使用情况吻合。黑潮水团体量巨大且内部分布均匀,对污染物的垂直分布产生重要影响,即不同深度水体中OCPs、PCBs浓度及其组成相当;同时黑潮带来的高温、高营养盐水团对其海域生物体内污染物的富集形成潜在风险。 相似文献
13.
Altimeter Measurements of Wind and Wave Modulation by the Kuroshio in the Yellow and East China Seas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuroshio is the major ocean current conveying heat and water mass in the Pacific Ocean. The impact of the Kuroshio on
regional wind and wave distributions has been studied with spaceborne-altimeter measurements in the Yellow and East China
Seas. In this region the Kuroshio trajectory is relatively stationary and the monsoon patterns dominate, making it an ideal
natural laboratory for large scale air-sea-current interaction research. Major findings from this study include: (a) The Kuroshio
exerts significant influence on the wind and wave distributions over a swath about 800-km wide along its path. (b) Seasonal
average wind speeds reach a maximum near the Kuroshio axis. The magnitude of enhancement ranges between 20 and 50 percent.
(c) The distribution of the surface wave heights displays similar spatial patterns to the wind-speed distribution. The Kuroshio
effects on wave heights are further complicated by the hydrodynamic modulation of wave-current interaction and the influence
of thermal stratification on wind-wave generation. (d) Kuroshio effects are most prominent in the first and last quarters
of the year, and least prominent in the third quarter. 相似文献
14.
源区黑潮热输送低频变异及其与中国近海SST异常变化的关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
基于长时间序列的水温和盐度资料，通过动力计算方法估算了源区黑潮（18°N断面）热输送量，分析了源区黑潮热输送变异和中国近海SST异常的年际、年代际时空变化特征及两者之间的相互关系．结果显示，源区黑潮热输送异常呈现出显著的以2—7、10～20a和约30a为主周期的年际、年代际变化，且具有线性增强的长期变化趋势．并约于1976年前后发生了一次显著气候跃变．中国近海SST年际、年代际异常变化的最显著区域位于渤海、黄海、东海海域和台湾海峡．源区黑潮热输送变异在年际、年代际尺度上与中国近海SST异常变化密切相关，源区黑潮热输送变异可能是影响中国近海SST异常变化的重要因素之一． 相似文献
15.
南海东北部是寡营养海域，夏季浮游植物叶绿素浓度较低，热带气旋“风泵”效应带来的上层海洋扰动可能引起表层浮游植物的显著增长。以往的研究通常关注热带气旋风应力和海洋中尺度涡对上层海洋浮游植物的影响，本文利用航次CTD、实测叶绿素a浓度、Argo温盐剖面和遥感数据，探讨了台风“风泵”和黑潮共同作用下真光层内浮游植物的变化特征及其成因。结果表明，2015年台风“莲花”过境1周后产生向吕宋海峡西北侧南海海域(A区)入侵的黑潮流套，该入侵的黑潮流套使台风前原有的气旋涡消失，抑制了台风产生的上升流对表层(0～40 m)营养盐供给，使次表层(60～90 m)营养盐富集，进而抑制了表层的叶绿素a增长，促进了次表层叶绿素a的增长；吕宋海峡西侧南海海域(B区)表层的浮游植物叶绿素a浓度增加不仅是源于叶绿素最大层浮游植物的向上输运，更是由于浮游植物的繁殖增长；A区台风引起的流套式的黑潮入侵，促进了B区台风后气旋式流场的形成，产生的持续增强的气旋涡为B区表层叶绿素持续增长提供了充足的营养盐供给。 相似文献
16.
吕宋海峡西部深海盆内孤立波潜标观测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using a net surface heat flux （Qnet） product obtained from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes （OAFlux） project and the international satellite cloud climatology project （ISCCP）, and temperature from the simple ocean data assimilation （SODA）, the seasonal variations of the air-sea heat fluxes in the northwestern Pa cific marginal seas （NPMS） and their roles in sea surface temperature （SST） seasonality are studied. The seasonal variations of Qnet, which is generally determined by the seasonal cycle of latent heat flux （LH）, are in response to the advection-induced changes of SST over the Kuroshio and its extension. Two dynamic regimes are identified in the NPMS： one is the area along the Kuroshio and its extension, and the other is the area outside the Kuroshio. The oceanic thermal advection dominates the variations of SST and hence the sea-air humidity plays a primary role and explains the maximum heat losing along the Kuroshio. The heat transported by the Kuroshio leads to a longer period of heat losing over the Kuroshio and its Extension. Positive anomaly of heat content corresponds with the maximum heat loss along the Kuroshio. The oceanic advection controls the variations of heat content and hence the surface heat flux. This study will help us understand the mechanism controlling variations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system in the NPMS. In the Kuroshio region, the ocean current controls the ocean temperature along the main stream of the Ku roshio, and at the same time, forces the air-sea fluxes. 相似文献
17.
18.
Interannual Variations of Sea Level at the Nansei Islands and Volume Transport of the Kuroshio Due to Wind Changes 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Masaki Kawabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(2):189-205
Interannual variations of sea level at the Nansei Islands and volume transport of the Kuroshio during 1967–95 are calculated by integrating variations carried by windforced Rossby waves. Effects of eddy dissipation and ocean ridges are considered. Ridge effect is inferred by comparing between the calculated and observed sea levels. The calculation is satisfactory to sea levels and Kuroshio transport for the whole period. They are mostly caused by Rossby waves forced by wind and modified by the ridges, and are due to barotropic wave primarily and the first baroclinic wave secondly. The calculated Kuroshio transport well represents variations of several-year scales with maximums in respective duration of the large meander (LM) of the Kuroshio, as well as bi-decadal variation that transport was small during the non-LM period of 1967–75 and large during the LM-dominant period of 1975–91. Mean volume transport of the subtropical gyre is estimated at 57 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3s–1) and divided by the Nansei Shoto Ridge into those of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (25.5 Sv) and a subsurface current east of this ridge (31.5 Sv). The Subtropical Countercurrent and a southward deep current east of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge are estimated at 16 Sv and 7 Sv, respectively. The calculated transports of the Kuroshio and other subtropical currents reach maximums at every El Niño event due to strong excitement of upwelling barotropic Rossby wave. 相似文献
19.
Yoshinobu Wakata Takashi Setou Ikuo Kaneko Hiroshi Uchida Shiro Imawaki 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(1):25-35
The interannual variability of the Kuroshio volume transport passing through the 137°E meridian south of Japan was simulated
with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). The time series of the Kuroshio volume transport over the 1000 m depth in
the OGCM is well reproduced by the one-dimensional quasi-geostrophic (QG) vorticity equation with a windstress forcing. In
our analysis of the OGCM and QG results, we found that peaks and troughs of the time series of the Kuroshio volume transport
with 2–3 yr time-scale were induced by windstress curl, both local and immediately eastward, whereas longer time-scale variability
was also induced by windstress curl near the dateline. 相似文献
20.
Lihua Wang Benwei Shi Yunxuan Zhou Hui Sheng Yanghua Gao Li Fan Ziheng Yang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(12):135-147
Ocean currents are a key element in ocean processes and in meteorology, affecting material transport and modulating climate change patterns. The Doppler frequency shift information of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) echo signal can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the sea surface, and has become an essential sea surface dynamic remote sensing parameter. Studies have verified that the instantaneous Doppler frequency shift can realize the SAR detection of the sea surface current. However, the validation of SAR-derived ocean current data and a thorough analysis of the errors associated with them remain lacking. In this study, we derive high spatial resolution flow measurements for the Kuroshio in the East China Sea from SAR data using a theoretical model of shifts in Doppler frequency driven by ocean surface current. Global ocean multi observation (MOB) products and global surface Lagrangian drifter (GLD) data are used to validate the Kuroshio flow retrieved from the SAR data. Results show that the central flow velocity for the Kuroshio derived from the SAR is 0.4–1.5 m/s. The error distribution between SAR ocean currents and MOB products is an approximate standard normal distribution, with the 90％ confidence interval concentrated between –0.1 m/s and 0.1 m/s. Comparative analysis of SAR ocean current and GLD products, the correlation coefficient is 0.803, which shows to be significant at a confidence level of 99％. The cross-validation of different ocean current dataset illustrate that the SAR radial current captures the positions and dynamics of the Kuroshio central flow and the Kuroshio Counter Current, and has the capability to monitor current velocity over a wide range of values. 相似文献