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1.
后向散射系数bb是水体固有光学参数之一,在水色遥感模型建立中起着重要的作用。目前主要利用美国Hobilabs公司的Hydro Scat-6(HS-6)或美国Wetlabs公司的BB-9两种后向散射测量仪器在现场进行测量。石油类污染水体中石油类物质与悬浮泥沙共同影响着水体后向散射系数bb,这两种仪器的测量值都是基于单一角度而获取的,难以实现利用其来进一步区分石油类和悬浮物的后向散射系数贡献。通过对纯水、石英砂微粒、油污水进行各种配比试验,获取不同组合样本,利用美国Sequoia Scientific公司的LISST-100X粒径仪和美国Wyatt公司的Dawn Heleos II(DAWN)十八角度静动态激光散射仪,结合Mie散射算法,探索出两种多角度获取bb的方法。一种是利用LISST-100X粒径仪测量值,再基于Mie散射算法计算得到;另一种方法是对Dawn Heleos II十八角度静动态激光散射仪进行定标以后,利用其测量值计算出bb。对比分析了两种方法所获取的结果,并对产生误差的原因进行了分析。  相似文献   

2.
海水中矿物质颗粒吸收和散射特性Mie理论分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用Mie理论模型对不同粒径分布和复折射率的矿物质颗粒吸收和散射特性进行了模拟计算.颗粒的衰减和散射效率随着参数ρ的增大呈现出振幅依次减小的一系列有规则的振荡变化,而吸收效率则随着ρ的增加而增大;随着颗粒吸收性的增强,散射效率和吸收效率随着ρ的增大最终都将趋近极限值1.对于矿物质颗粒群,颗粒群的粒度分布变化对散射和后向散射特性影响很大,小粒径粒子对散射和后向散射的贡献比较大;折射率实部以及虚部变化对散射特性均有影响,颗粒的吸收性越强,则散射会相应地减弱;粒度分布以及折射率虚部对吸收系数也存在较大的影响,但是折射率实部对吸收系数的影响不大.  相似文献   

3.
本文着重讨论了双光束条纹型多普勒测流系统中,光学分束系统参数与散射信号的关系,列出了有关公式。计算了圆形截面的散射颗粒直径与干涉条纹周期呈不同比值时对信号的影响,其结果比以前采用矩型截面进行计算的结果更为合理。结合激光海流计的设计,分析了光学系统中各项参数的选择对测量结果的影响。  相似文献   

4.
本文着重讨论了双光束条纹型激光多普勒测流系统中,光学分束系统参数与散射信号的关系,列出了有关的公式。计算了园形截面的散射颗粒直径与干涉条纹周期呈不同比值时对信号的影响,其结果与以前采用矩型截面进行计算的结果差异较大。以设计一台激光海流计为例,推荐一种以选择与散射粒径相匹配的条纹周期为出发点的光学参数选择方法。最后介绍作者提出的为实现这种选择的光学布置。  相似文献   

5.
浅海水下地形的SAR遥感仿真研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
结合连续性方程和布拉格后向散射模型,在准一维简化浅海水下地形情况下,建立了浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度仿真模型,将浅海水下地形区域的SAR海面后向散射强度的相对变化与大尺度背景流场、海面风场和雷达系统参数等联系起来.海上实验和研究结果表明,浅海水下地形的SAR成像主要由通过受水下地形影响的海表层流场对海表面风引起的微尺度波的水动力调制而获取浅海水下地形信息,其中潮流与水下地形的相互作用过程改变海表层流场,变化的海表层流与海表面微尺度波之间的相互作用改变海表面波的空间分布,雷达波与海表面波之间的相互作用决定雷达海面后向散射强度.因此SAR图像中浅海水下地形或水深信息量的多少不仅与海表层流场和海面风速有关,而且与雷达工作波段、雷达波束入射角和极化方式也密切相关.认为由水下地形变化引起的缓慢变化的表层流场中海表面定常微尺度波谱能量密度的变化满足波作用量谱平衡方程;而在波数空间中,海表面微尺度波谱的成长过程也可以用波数谱平衡方程描述,在此基础上,得出了海表面波高频谱(毛细-重力波)形式的解析表达式.众所周知,浅海水下地形信息是由于水下地形影响下SAR海面后向散射强度与背景海面后向散射强度的相对差异而在SAR图像上的呈现,从而在建立浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度仿真模型的基础上,仿真计算了浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度相对于海表层流场、海面风场等海况参数和SAR工作波段、SAR波束入射角、极化方式等雷达系统参数的数值仿真结果,分析得到了有关浅海水下地形SAR海面相对后向散射强度的特征和SAR浅海水下地形遥感的最佳海况参数与最佳雷达系统参数,为研究和开展SAR浅海水下地形遥感研究提供了有价值的参考.  相似文献   

6.
魏雅娜  杨世平 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):7298-7305
利用半经典再散射模型研究了激光强度在一定范围内时分子核间距对非时序双电离过程的影响.分别计算了非时序双电离率、两电子的电离能、两电子的动量相关、Coulomb和激光场的复合势随分子核间距的变化关系.研究表明,分子核间距在1.0—6.0 a.u.范围内时,非时序双电离率和两电子动量和为零的双电离事件数随着分子核间距的增大而增大.当分子核间距继续增大(大于6.0 a.u.)时,非时序双电离率和两电子动量和为零的双电离事件数却减小.  相似文献   

7.
用星载微波散射计测量海洋风场的反演方法研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Seasat-A卫星散射计(SASS)成功地测量了全球海洋上的风矢量场.其技术基础基于微波后向散射对由海表面风产生的海面厘米级波的敏感性.由于后向散射是各向异性的,所以可以从而个或更多的天线方位角的测量中反演出风速、风向由于散射物理模型函数的非线性及信号中噪声的存在,使得风场反演中存在风向多解.本文给出了一种从SASS测量的后向散射强度的数据中反演出大尺度海洋风场的新的方法,计算结果与Petecherych等[5]利用SASS表面风分析的结果比较在风向上是吻合的,在风速上我们得到的结果更接近于表面真实风速.  相似文献   

8.
悬浮颗粒物在海洋光学特性中扮演着重要角色,后向散射系数是水色遥感反演中最主要的基础参数之一,因此对于悬浮颗粒物后向散射系数的研究具有重要意义。利用2003年4月黄东海春季航次测量的吸收、衰减和后向散射数据,研究该区域悬浮颗粒物后向散射系数和后向散射比的光谱特征以及空间分布规律。研究结果表明颗粒物后向散射系数光谱呈指数衰减且在垂直方向上与深度正相关;后向散射比的光谱具有波段特征;由于近岸颗粒物浓度大、粒径小,远岸颗粒物浓度小、粒径大以及湍流扰动的影响,导致后向散射系数和后向散射比呈现出在近岸海域较大而在远岸海域较小的空间分布规律。  相似文献   

9.
对水体散射特性的分析方法进行了研究,并以蓬莱附近海域水体为例对方法进行了验证.从分析结果可以看出,烟台蓬莱附近海域水体散射占据主导,单次散射反照率wo在06~0 8之间变化,且后向散射比例Bp在0.08~017间变化,虽高于Mobley给出的0 03的上限,但与Mie理论模拟计算的结果相吻合,属于具有强后向散射特征的Ⅱ类水体;该区域的粒子折射指数*np高于115,说明水体具有典型的矿物质颗粒特征.通过对实测数据的分析发现,文中提出的方法适合于我国近岸水体,可为研究我国近岸水体的水体散射特性提供借鉴.  相似文献   

10.
海浪微波散射理论模式   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
何宜军 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(2):178-185
在假设海面白帽为球形气泡层的基础上,利用白帽海面的矢量辐射传输方程各随机粗糙面散射模型建立了海面的微波散射模型。辐射传输方程利用迭代法求解,随机粗糙面散射模型采用双尺度散射模型,利用白帽覆盖率的经验公式计算海面的微波散射特性。数值计算结果表明,随着气泡厚度的增加球形气泡散射系数越来越接近球形粒子散射系数;白帽对散射同的贡献随风速增大而增大;侧风情况比逆风和顺风情况影响均大;水平极化比垂直极化影响大  相似文献   

11.
The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind's information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function (GMF). Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted (IDW) from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC's TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys' wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) less than 2m/s and wind direction's RMSE less than 21 degree.  相似文献   

12.
The geophysical model function (GMF) describes the relationship between a backscattering and a sea surface wind, and enables a wind vector retrieval from backscattering measurements. It is clear that t...  相似文献   

13.
High-resolution acoustic measurements of low-frequency near-surface backscattering at low grazing angles have been made in the open ocean using vertical arrays of coherent sources. Over the range of wind speeds (4-18 m/s) encountered, the normalized data amplitudes exhibited variable non-Rayleigh behavior, from near Rayleigh in the highest sea states to near lognormal in low-to-moderate sea states. Seven probability density function (pdf) models were fit to the data, with the three-component Rayleigh mixture providing the most consistent fits and the least errors. One pdf model, the Poisson-Rayleigh, provided not only good fits to many data sets, but also physical insights into the scattering process. This model's estimates of the expected number of discrete scatterers ranged from 200/km/sup 2/ at low wind speeds to 2000/km/sup 2/ at high wind speeds, consistent with the expected densities of fish and subsurface bubble clouds, respectively. These results are encouraging with regard to developing physical models capable of using local results (such as these) to accurately predict long-range reverberation and clutter statistics.  相似文献   

14.
15.
A problem of interest to underwater acousticians is understanding the relationship between ocean-bottom characteristics and acoustic backscattering statistics. This experimental work focused on examining surface roughness characteristics that cause backscattering strength statistics to deviate from the Rayleigh distribution. Several different scattering surfaces with known height distributions were designed for this study. The surfaces were modeled using a technique that allowed for different height-distribution functions and correlation lengths to be prescribed. Isotropic and anisotropic surfaces were fabricated having both Gaussian and non-Gaussian surface-height distributions. Many independent backscattering measurements were made for different aspects of each surface using a computer-controlled transducer-positioning system. Acoustic backscattering statistics were non-Rayleigh for the anisotropic surfaces when combining measurements from different aspects. Mean scattering strength was found to be dependent on both the surface-height distribution and correlation length. In addition, backscattering strength showed a dependence on the surface-height power distribution.  相似文献   

16.
Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurements at moderate to high frequencies were performed in the shallow water of the south Yellow Sea, using omnidirectional spherical sources and omnidirectional hydrophones. Sea-surface backscattering data for frequencies in the 6–25 k Hz range and wind speeds of(3.0±0.5)and(4.5±1.0) m/s were obtained from two adjacent experimental sites, respectively. Computation of sea-surface backscattering strength using bistatic transducer is described. Finally, we calculated sea-surface backscattering strengths at grazing angles in the range of 16°–85°. We find that the measured backscattering strengths agree reasonably well with those predicted by using second order small-roughness perturbation approximation method with "PM" roughness spectrum for all frequencies at grazing angles ranged from 40° to 80°. The backscattering strengths varied slightly at grazing angles of 16°–40°, and were much stronger than roughness scattering. It is speculated that scattering from bubbles dominates the backscattering strengths at high wind speeds and small grazing angles. At the same frequencies and moderate to high grazing angles, the results show that the backscattering strengths at a wind speed of(4.5±1.0) m/s were approximately 5 d B higher than those at a wind speed of(3.0±0.5) m/s. However, the discrepancies of backscattering strength at low grazing angles were more than 10 d B. Furthermore the backscattering strengths exhibited no significant frequency dependence at 3 m/s wind speed. At a wind speed of 4.5 m/s, the scattering strengths increased at low grazing angles but decreased at high grazing angles with increasing grazing angle.  相似文献   

17.
针对现行业务运行的宙达高度计风速反演算法从考虑0~20 m/s的缺陷,提出了vc算法(Vandemark-Chapron Algorithm)与Young算法联合反演高度计海曲风速的方法,通过对Jason-1资料的统计试验,确定了后向散射截面临界点,当高度计后向散射截面大于等于该临界点时采用VC算法反演风速,反之采用Y...  相似文献   

18.
通过地球物理模型建立后向散射系数与海面风矢量的关系,可将散射计从不同方位角测得的风矢量单元后向散射系数反演得到风矢量,因此地球物理模型在风速反演中起着至关重要的作用。使用神经网络方法,利用C波段经验模型CMOD4和Ku波段经验模型QSCAT—1仿真数据建立了形式统一的C波段和Ku波段地球物理模型。新模型将电磁波频率作为模型的参数之一,使新模型不再局限于特定的传感器,并使C波段与Ku波段具有统一的形式。分析表明,由新模型建立的后向散射系数与海面风矢量的关系同经验模型具有很好的可比性。利用新模型反演的风速与CMOD4和QSCAT—1模型反演的风速具有很好的一致性,说明新模型在具有统一简洁形式的同时也兼有与经验统计模型相同的有效性。  相似文献   

19.
廖然  马辉 《海洋学报》2011,33(6):79-84
光学散射方法被广泛用于获取海洋微生物的形态和浓度信息.通过测量散射光的空间分布可以测量海洋微生物的形态和浓度;而最近发现,散射光的偏振特征却对细胞内部亚微米级散射颗粒更加敏感.把海洋微生物等效为粒径远大于入射波长的“米氏”粒子和远小于入射波长的“瑞利”粒子的混合体,以两种不同粒径的实心球作为微生物偏振光散射模型.利用蒙...  相似文献   

20.
通用型海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射查找表   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
当前对海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射的计算均采用查找表方式进行,但由于这些查找表是针对特定遥感器生成的,无法直接应用于新的水色遥感器,给实际应用带来一定程度的麻烦,为此提出了一种通用的海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射查找表.首先,详细地推导了加倍法解大气矢量辐射传输方程的基本关系式和实际的计算原理.通过与MODIS精确瑞利散射查找表计算结果比较,证明利用加倍法计算瑞利散射的精度优于0.25%,完全能够满足当前海洋水色遥感大气校正对瑞利散射计算精度的要求,并可以用来生成精确瑞利散射查找表.其次,利用加倍法解大气矢量辐射传输方程,生成了一个通用的海洋水色遥感精确瑞利散射查找表,验证结果表明该查找表可用于所有水色遥感器的精确瑞利散射计算,且计算精度优于0.5%.  相似文献   

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