共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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南黄海胶体有机碳和溶解有机碳的分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用切向超滤技术对胶体有机碳（ＣＯＣ）进行了有效分离,利用紫外／过硫酸钾法分别测定南黄海溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）和ＣＯＣ的浓度。测定结果：南黄海表层水ＤＯＣ的平均含量为３４０．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;ＣＯＣ的浓度变化为３０．２～１２５．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,在ＤＯＣ中所占的比例平均为３０．９％,最高可达５６．６％,结果表明,ＣＯＣ在有机碳的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用;真溶解态有机碳（ＵＯＣ）和ＣＯＣ之间的非相关性揭示了ＣＯＣ来源的复杂性。 相似文献
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对测量海水中总溶解氮(TDN)的两种常用方法——高温燃烧法和过硫酸钾氧化法进行了比较。结果表明,两种方法在空白、精密度和准确度实验中不存在显著差异。对不同化合物的回收率均在92%～107%之间,加标回收实验回归曲线的斜率分别为0.93和0.92。对于现场海水样品的测定结果,两个断面拟合的斜率分别为0.92和0.97。HTC法比PO法对实际海水样品的氧化效率略高,在操作上也更方便、快捷。因此,高温燃烧法更适合海水中总溶解氮(TDN)的测定。 相似文献
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利用切向超滤技术对九龙江口天然水体中胶体相(1 kDa～0. 45μm)、真溶解相(1 kDa)和"溶解相"(0. 45μm)的溶解有机碳和无机氮进行了分离与提取,初步探讨了水环境因子对其理化特性的影响机制,进而探讨了它们的来源和转化.结果表明,切向超滤过程的膜空白和质量平衡符合技术要求;溶解有机碳、亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、硝酸盐氮和无机氮存在形式以真溶液相(1 kDa)为主,其在胶体相中的质量浓度分别为0. 207～0. 810 mg/dm3、0. 001～1. 870μg/dm3、ND～2. 08μg/dm3、0. 62～79. 30μg/dm3和1. 07～81. 10μg/dm3;胶体态溶解有机碳(COC)含量主要受陆源输入控制. 相似文献
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海水中胶体有机碳研究简介 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着海洋碳通量研究的深入和切向超滤技术的完善,对海洋中胶体有机碳的研究引起越来越广泛的重视,本文介绍了近年来海洋中胶体有机碳研究的发展状况。１胶体有机碳的定义及其研究意义１．１定义海水中的有机碳以溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）、颗粒有机碳（ＰＯＣ）和挥发有机碳（ＶＯＣ）３种形式存在［１］。其中,ＤＯＣ和ＰＯＣ之间的区分,在操作上是以能否通过０．４５μｍ孔径的滤膜为标准。近年来,随着对胶体粒子研究的发展,这一标准已不能满足对有机碳分类的要求［３］。水环境中的胶体,被定义为１ｎｍ到１μｍ范围内的粒子,而在分离… 相似文献
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海水中的有机物主要是以溶解形式存在的,溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）在全球碳循环中有重要的作用,对于化学海洋学和生物海洋学的研究具有十分重要的意义。Ｓｕｇｉｍｕｒａ和Ｓｕｚｕｋｉ１９８８年用高温催化氧化法（ＨＴＣＯ）测定海水中的溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）得到的测定数据比过去传统方法的高２～４倍,这一结果在海洋学界引起人们极大兴趣。然而在１９９１年国际ＤＯＣ测定互校工作后,Ｓｕｚｕｋｉ修订了他早期的工作。近几年来,通过对ＤＯＣ测定方法的重新评价,结果发现用高温催化氧化法和传统的湿氧化法测得的ＤＯＣ数据相似,但下面… 相似文献
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南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域溶解有机碳的分布 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国南极科学考察第16航次期间(1999年11月～2000年4月),在南极普里兹湾及邻近海域的不同站位与水深采集海水样品用于溶解有机碳测定,通过高温催化氧化法完成样品的分析.结果表明,在调查期间,南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域各测站上层水体(0～100m)溶解有机碳浓度的变化范围为14.3～181.1μmol/dm3,平均为52.5μmol/dm3,该变化幅度比Ross海、太平洋等海域的相应值略大.溶解有机碳垂直分布的特征是0大于25大于50大于100m,即随深度的增加溶解有机碳浓度逐渐减小,与生物活动在垂直方向上的强弱变化相关.根据200m以深水柱溶解有机碳的垂直分布,可确定研究海域难降解溶解有机碳的浓度为40.4μmol/dm3,与其他研究所报道的数值(～42μmol/dm3)相近.上层水体(0～100m)过剩溶解有机碳的空间分布显示,64°S以北海域溶解有机碳过剩较多,而64°S以南海域则过剩溶解有机碳较少.溶解有机碳浓度与分布特征显示,普里兹湾及其邻近海域溶解有机碳浓度与南大洋其他海域相当,具有低溶解有机碳的一般特征.溶解有机碳浓度的空间分布呈现由西南向东北方向逐渐增加的趋势,这可能与南极陆架夏季上层水的北向扩展有关.生物活动及水体运动是研究海域溶解有机碳分布的主要影响因素. 相似文献
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为了探讨长江口水体胶体有机碳含量的季节变化, 按季度采集长江口南支表层水样, 利用切向流超滤技术(TFF)分离水样中小胶体物质(1—5kD)、中胶体物质(5—500kD)和大胶体物质(500kD— 0.45μm), 测试分离后样品的有机碳浓度。结果表明: 长江口水体中总胶体有机碳浓度有明显的季节变化, 表现为冬季>夏季>秋季>春季, 其原因可能是冬季长江流域陆源输入增加, 水生生物生物量和生物活性减弱双方面的共同作用使得含量最高, 而春季流域陆源有机碳含量输入较少, 且流域内春汛雨量多水量大对水体中有机碳浓度具有稀释作用, 从而导致该季节胶体有机碳含量较少。总胶体有机碳在不同分子量的分配上季节差异不大, 中胶体有机碳浓度及其在总胶体有机碳中所占的比例均高于小胶体有机碳和大胶体有机碳。由于长江口胶体有机碳的含量较高, 并有明显的季节变化, 对有机碳的入海通量和生物地球化学循环发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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海水中溶解有机碳（DOC）的测定 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
本文论述了海水中溶解有机碳(DOC)的测定方法,对DOC的测定原理及氧化方法进行了讨论,并提出了妨碍海水中DOC测定准确度提高的因素,这对于建立高准确度和精密度的新分析方法具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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We describe an investigation into the reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), produced from marine algae, to conventional persulphate and ultraviolet (UV) oxidation methods. Marine algae were grown in batch culture in the presence of 14C bicarbonate and filtered samples of the phytoplankton dissolved organic carbon (PDOC) were oxidized with persulphate and UV techniques. The amount of fixed label found in solution after the oxidation procedures was compared with the initial amount of labelled DOC. Marine algae examined in this way included: the diatoms, Chaetoceros gracilis, Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum; the flagellate, Isochrysis galbana; and the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus strain DC2. It was found that 5–18% of the DOC produced by these phytoplankton resisted persulphate oxidation. Samples were also measured for their resistance to UV oxidation by an autoanalyzer method. It was found that 15–27% of these samples resisted UV oxidation. However, 95% of PDOC was oxidized after exposure for 6 h to high intensity UV irradiation using a variable exposure time system. P. tricornutum and Synechococcus PDOC samples were ultrafiltered into low molecular weight (< 10 000 Da) and colloidal (> 10 000 Da) size fractions. Both species produced mainly (> 68%) low molecular weight material. Slightly greater resistance to persulphate oxidation was generally found for the colloidal Synechococcus PDOC (15–22%) than for the low molecular weight material (14–17%). However, the opposite was found for the P. tricornutum PDOC which generally showed less resistance for the colloidal fraction (5–12%) than for the low molecular weight fraction (10–15%).Experiments were also conducted to determine the effects of short-term (days) and long-term (months) ageing of PDOC solutions in the presence of microbial populations from coastal seawater. Long-term ageing decreased the amount of PDOC that resisted oxidation in all cases. However, the fraction of PDOC resisting persulphate oxidation increased by small amounts over a short-term experiment. Increased resistance was attributed to preferential degradation of biologically and chemically labile components of PDOC by bacteria.The percentages of phytoplankton-produced (and microbially aged) DOC found in this study to resist UV or persulphate oxidation were low (5–27%), compared with those values (50–65%) reported for DOC in surface seawater on the basis of recent high temperature catalytic oxidation analyses. 相似文献
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Three methods for the determination of dissolved organic carbon in seawater were compared. Samples were analysed using persulphate oxidation, high-temperature combustion, and ultraviolet photo-oxidation. The dissolved organic carbon content of the seawater samples ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 mg C/I. This study shows that results of high-temperature oxidation and photo-oxidation procedures differ by less than 5%, whereas results with persulphate oxidation are about 15% less than those obtained with the high-temperature oxidation. The relative merits of each of the oxidation techniques for the determination of organic matter in seawater are discussed. 相似文献
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过硫酸盐氧化法测定海水中溶解总磷 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
实验研究在碱性和酸性条件下过二硫酸钾高温氧化四种不同类型含磷标准化合物在海水中的回收率和影响回收率的因素。结果表明 :在碱性条件下过二硫酸钾高温氧化可使海水中非聚磷类化合物完全回收 ,而聚磷类化合物回收率不高 ,延长消化时间聚磷类化合物的回收率有一定提高。除个别化合物外 ,各类含磷化合物在酸性条件下可被定量回收。依此 ,建立酸性过硫酸盐氧化法分解测定海水中溶解态总磷的方法。 相似文献
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This study examines the mechanism of oxidation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a high-temperature combustion (HTC) carbon analyzer. The HTC analyzer, which is commonly used to measure the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in seawater, is still largely empirical in its operation, and little information is yet available on the chemical and physical mechanisms responsible for oxidation of DOM. To examine the role of water, which has been hypothesized to be a source of reactive oxidants in HTC analyzers, several experiments were conducted using gaseous hexane samples and several wet/dry carrier gases. Because the quantity of O2(g) needed to oxidize an injected sample of DOM is quite small, a substantial effort has been made to exclude O2(g) from the combustion furnace of the HTC instrument. In this modified, “air-tight” instrument, the efficiency of conversion of hexane into CO2 was greatest in dry O2 and slightly lower in moist O2. Hexane was only slightly oxidized in dry N2, but it was largely converted into CO2 when moist N2 was used as the carrier gas. These experiments confirm that water provides reactive oxidizing species (perhaps hydroxyl radical) that rapidly convert hexane into CO2 in the combustion tube of a carbon analyzer. Additional experiments with aqueous solutions of potassium hydrogen phthalate and a variety of carrier gases support this basic hypothesis. 相似文献
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Continuous flow analysis of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater by UV-K2S2O8 online digestion method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Several methods for analysis of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater were reviewed. Discussions were focused on UV irradiation and persulphate oxidation methods which are the most popular dissolved organic phosphorus determination methods presently. The compounds used for the phosphorus recovery test were categorized into three groups according to their chemical structure. It was found that low power UV irradiation can decompose P-O-C or P-C bonds efficiently but may be inefficient for P-O-P bonds. Heating-bath in acid condition is useful for decomposing P-O-P bonds. Using the continuous flow analysis system (Auto-analyzer Ⅱ), UV digestion and heating-bath, series experiments were carried out based on the above analysis. Eleven model compounds were employed for the phosphorus recovery test and the factors influencing the decomposition efficiency of dissolved compounds containing phosphorus were clarified. Finally, the optimal design for determination of dissolved total phosphorus in seawater based on the routine continuous flow analysis system was presented. For the organic mono-phosphate, the recovery is more than 90% and a recovery of 33%～51% was obtained for inorganic or organic polyphosphates. Up to now, this is the highest decomposition efficiency for dissolved phosphorus based on the continuous flow analysis system. 相似文献
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The stable isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are a powerful tool for distinguishing sources and inputs of organic matter in aquatic systems. While several methods exist to perform these analyses, no labs routinely utilize a high temperature combustion (HTC) instrument. Advantages of HTC instruments include rapid analysis, small sample volumes and minimal sample preparation, making them the favored devices for most routine oceanic DOC concentration measurements. We developed a stable carbon DOC method based around an HTC system. This method has the benefit of a simple setup, requiring neither vacuum nor high pressures. The main drawback of the method is a significant blank, requiring careful accounting of all blank sources for accurate isotopic and concentration values. We present here a series of experiments to determine the magnitude, source and isotopic composition of the HTC blank. Over time, the blank is very stable at 20 ng of carbon with a δ13C of − 18.1‰ vs. VPDB. The similarity of the isotopic composition of the blank and seawater samples makes corrections relatively minor. The precision of the method was determined by oxidizing organic standards with a wide isotopic and concentration range (− 9‰ to − 39‰; 18 μM to 124 μM). Analysis of seawater samples demonstrates the accuracy for low concentration, high salinity samples. The overall error on the measurement is approximately ± 0.8‰. 相似文献
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Patrick Raimbault Wilfried Pouvesle Frdric Diaz Nicole Garcia Richard Sempr 《Marine Chemistry》1999,66(3-4)
We developed a simple and reliable method which allows simultaneous determination of organic forms of carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) dissolved in seawater. Conversion of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to inorganic products (carbon dioxide, nitrate+nitrite and soluble reactive phosphate) is performed by a persulfate wet-oxidation in low alkaline condition. After oxidation, the concentration of the inorganic products dissolved in the sample was measured automatically by colorimetry using a 3-channel Technicon AutoAnalyzer system. A number of pure organic compounds were tested in the concentration range encountered in coastal and open ocean, indicating a high efficiency of the digestion procedure. The recovery range is similar to that obtained by other wet-oxidation procedures and by high-temperature catalytic oxidation techniques. Direct comparisons with usual methods used for separate determination of DOC, DON and DOP indicated a high efficiency of the procedure. Reproducibility tests demonstrated a very good precision (around 5%) for lagoonal and coastal waters, while precision was sometimes around 10–25% in oligotrophic oceanic waters, especially for DOP where values approached limits of detection for measuring phosphate. This method is highly suitable for routine analysis and especially appropriate for shipboard work. 相似文献
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Absorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements were performed during three oceanographic surveys in 1994 in the southern Baltic Sea (Polish area of the Baltic Proper). DOC was measured both by high-temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) and low-temperature oxidation (LTO) conventional persulphate methods. CDOM fluorescence was shown to be highly correlated with absorption, with the same regression parameters, despite the seasonal change in different hydrographic conditions and the fluorescence quantum yield variations (1.23 ± 0.07 in April and 0.97 ± 0.12 in September). The results show a good correlation between the optical parameters and DOC although ˜ 70% of the DOC does not display significant absorption in the UV-visible range (350–750 nm). The non-absorbing DOC measured with HTCO method appears unaffected by seasonal changes. Consequently, total DOC can be predicted by optical methods using remote sensing techniques. The non-absorbing DOC measured by LTO method varies from 62% (April) to 76% (September), which implies that there is requirement for estimates on a seasonal basis. 相似文献