共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
采用氢渗透试验法、硫化氢致应力四点弯曲法研究了TMCP X80高强度管线钢焊接件不同部位的氢渗透及其开裂行为,用扫描电镜对母材、热影响区、焊材进行显微组织分析.结果表明,该SZP-117试样各区显微组织不同,焊材比母材耐氢渗透能力差,焊接后熔合线部位耐氢渗透能力大于焊材的,但热影响区耐氢渗透性能次于母材.另外,s-117试样大热输入耐氢致开裂的能力比小热输入差. 相似文献
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采用Devanathan-Stachurski 双面电解池检测氢渗透电流技术和扫描电镜分析, 研究了热镀锌钢材在灭菌海水、灭菌培养基和接种了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的培养基等3 种介质中的氢渗透行为。氢渗透电流检测结果表明, 培养基的部分组分对热镀锌钢材的氢渗透行为有促进作用, 试样在灭菌培养基中的氢渗透电流密度的平均值比在灭菌海水中提高了约6 倍。尽管活性SRB 代谢产生的S2?和HS?能够促进热镀锌钢材的氢渗透行为, 但是, 由SRB 及其代谢产物和它们所黏附的腐蚀产物所形成的致密微生物膜减少了氢的析出和试样对氢的吸收量, 导致热镀锌钢材氢渗透行为最终被抑制, 因此, 试样在接菌培养基中的氢渗透电流密度的平均值比其在灭菌培养基中降低77%。扫描电镜分析表明, 热镀锌钢材在灭菌海水中能够形成腐蚀产物膜, 而暴露于灭菌培养基中的试样表面未形成明显的腐蚀产物膜, 但在接菌培养基中试样表面能形成黏附了腐蚀产物的致密微生物膜的附着, 表明热镀锌钢材表面的微生物膜与其氢渗透行为之间存在明显的相关性。 相似文献
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硫化氢对管线钢在氯化钠溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用动电位扫描、慢应变速率拉伸、氢渗透试验方法时X70管线钢在不同电位下含不同浓度H2S的质量分数3．5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为进行了研究。结果表明，H2S的加入使渗氢电流逐渐增大，硫化物应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）敏感性逐渐增加，随着H2S浓度的增大，其断裂特征由塑性断裂逐渐转变为脆性断裂。在阳极极化下，X70管线钢无SSCC敏感电位区；在阴极极化程度较小时，材料对SSCC的敏感性减小；在阴极极化程度较强时，材料对SSCC的敏感性显著增加。分析表明X70管线钢的SSCC受阳极溶解和氢脆共同控制。 相似文献
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海洋亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)在光照生长后,经过暗培养诱导其可逆产氢酶,然后转移到光照下可产生氢气。在300 mL产氢反应器中对海洋亚心形扁藻产氢情况的考察表明,不同的光强条件可导致扁藻产生不同的生长曲线,而在不同的培养阶段,扁藻的产氢能力也有很大的差别。其他培养条件相同,高光照强度(E=13000 lx)条件下,扁藻生长较快,而且可以获得更大的产氢能力,300 mL密度为3×106个/mL、叶绿素质量浓度为5.8 mg/L的藻液最大产氢浓度可达17.5%,比低光照强度(E=5000 lx)时提高了32%,叶绿素含量降低了61%。根据产氢前后以及暗诱导后扁藻生理状态的考察结果,可以推测出是不同生长阶段扁藻的生理状态差异导致了其产氢能力的变化。 相似文献
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对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行热休克处理,厌氧条件下富集混合菌群进行产氢试验;设置起始pH从4．0到8．0（间隔0．5个单位）,比较混合菌群在不同pH培养条件下产氢量;利用变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）分析不同起始pH培养条件下的混合菌群组成。结果表明,在起始pH为7．0时,混合菌群产氢量最高。不同起始pH对产氢量的影响,依... 相似文献
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电化学修复技术是提升既有钢筋混凝土结构耐久性重要方法,能有效除去有害氯离子,延长结构使用寿命。采用电化学修复技术对钢筋混凝土结构进行耐久性修复时,作为阴极的钢筋会发生析氢反应,当钢筋表面的氢浓度达到临界值时,钢筋的塑性会降低,并发展成裂纹,导致钢筋出现氢脆现象。开展了不同电化学参数的电化学修复试验,并采用物理方法和力学方法进行了氢致塑性降低的影响分析。结果表明氢致塑性降低与电流密度、应力水平均相关;当清楚工程构件的受力状态时,可采用合适的电流密度对构件进行电化学修复,控制塑性损失程度在工程的可接受范围内,以达到钢筋氢脆控制的目的。 相似文献
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本文使用预切口试样,研究预应力高强钢丝在模拟混凝土的饱和Ca(OH)_2 NaCl溶液中对应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性。研究采用了恒荷载轴拉和悬弯两种应力腐蚀试验方法。研究了氯化物浓度、外加剂、电位、pH、偶合金属以及氧、氮等对高强钢丝应力腐蚀开裂敏感性的影响。通过研究,对高强钢丝在海工预应力混凝土中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性、影响因素和防护措施等有了一个初步的认识。 相似文献
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大连湾保守污染物迁移三维模型及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用基于有限体积法和非结构化网格的三维潮流模型,同时耦合拉格朗日粒子追踪模型和保守污染物输运扩散模
型。模拟了大连湾内的水动力变化、潮致余流场分布、保守污染物的输移和特征粒子的运动轨迹;同时研究了不同人工岛对
湾内污染物迁移的影响。模拟的潮流场与实测数据吻合较好。结果表明：湾内潮致余流呈顺时针半涡形态,湾口潮致余流呈
NE 方向;湾内保守污染物主要随潮致余流的方向而迁移,湾口的迁移扩散快于湾中,湾内北部的污染物能较快扩散到湾外,
湾内南部的污染物易在湾底滞留,各个子湾内的污染物不宜扩散出来;两种方案人工岛均会降低臭水套湾和香水套湾的自净
能力,且方案2 比方案1 的影响大;而对红土堆子湾方案1的影响比方案2大,且方案2 能改善其水质情况。 相似文献
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以3种海岛植被修复典型植物木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)、夹竹桃(Nerium indicum)和台湾相思(Acacia confusa)为实验材料,通过对培养基质及植株叶片施加不同浓度的盐溶液,研究不同植物的耐盐能力,筛选耐盐树种.主要结论如下:(1)根据植株生长状况,木麻黄植株的根、叶均可耐受质量浓度3.0%的盐胁迫;夹竹桃植株可耐质量浓度1.0%以下的根系盐胁迫和质量浓度3.0%以下的叶片盐胁迫;台湾相思植株可耐浓度质量2.0%以下的根系盐胁迫和质量浓度0.6%以下的叶片盐胁迫;(2)综合研究结果显示,3种植株耐盐能力为木麻黄夹竹桃台湾相思;(3)植物的生长状态、成活率和株高增长率指标可以很好的指示植株受盐害程度及耐盐能力,可结合赋值法对区域植被耐盐能力进行简单快速的调查;(4)在土壤含盐量较高和受海洋飞沫影响较大的滨海地带开展植被修复时,推荐木麻黄为优先树种;但在土壤含盐量较低的干旱地带,推荐夹竹桃作为先锋品种. 相似文献
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K-joint is widely used on offshore platforms; its strength is very important for safety evaluation of platforms and the welding residual stress is inevitable. According to the thermo-effect of welding process, based on ANSYS, using the birth-death element technology, numerical simulation was performed for the welding process by coupling the temperature field and stress field. The nonlinear changes of material properties were considered and the distribution of temperature and stress was obtained. Considering that annealing treatment is generally performed for K-joint after welding, the process of annealing treatment was also simulated in this paper and the influence of it on welding residual stress was analyzed. Based on this, axial loads were applied on two different K-joint models, one with welding residual stress and the other without welding residual stress while just considering the influence of welding seam structure on the K-joint. The stress concentration factors (SCFs) of these two models were calculated and thus the influence of the welding residual stress on stress concentration factor was analyzed. Furthermore, considering the influence of welding residual stress, 105 models of K-joints with different geometric parameters and loading conditions were generated and the effects of them on the SCFs were discussed, results presented in this paper provide references for safety analysis of K-joints. 相似文献
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This study is based on the data obtained on July 14–17, 2004 over a section across the coastal anticyclonic eddy near the town of Tuapse. The data on the oxygen distribution obtained by the Winkler procedure and with an open (membrane-free) sensor with a 15-cm spatial resolution were compared. The divergence of the results in the lower part of the oxycline was 3 μmol or lower; the sensor error was estimated as 1 μmol. The previous data on the absence of the layer of oxygen and hydrogen sulfide coexistence were confirmed. It was shown that the lower boundary of oxygen permeation (where its concentration appeared to be below 1.0 μmol) closely coincided with the upper boundary of the bivalent manganese occurrence, because their coexistence layer was 1 ± 1 m in thickness. Within the same layer or 1–2 m above it, the upper boundary of the deep-sea ammonium and the phosphate minimum were situated. These data may be treated in the following way: oxygen is completely utilized for the oxidation of ammonia and bivalent manganese, and the oxidized suspended manganese formed sinks and is utilized in the reactions of hydrogen sulfide oxidation. The role of the near-slope downwelling (the supply of oxygen-enriched waters to the layers close to the redox zone), which was also observed in the cross section, is discussed. 相似文献
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Two inherent problems, rapid cooling and hydrogen embrittlement, associated with underwater ‘wet’ welding remain unsolved at the present time. Weld defects induced by rapid cooling usually appear in underwater welds. An understanding of the basic mechanisms is probably important and necessary in order to establish solutions to the problems of rapid cooling. Three types of weld defects related to rapid cooling during underwater welding are presented. A discussion on the thermal behaviour of underwater welding is then introduced. This discussion covers some important thermal-physical areas which control the cooling rate during underwater welding. It includes underwater bubble dynamics, underwater arc-heat distribution, Joule heating, heat input mechanism and boundary heat loss mechanism. Several important new concepts of reducing the effect of rapid cooling during underwater welding are finally recommended. 相似文献
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The welding was one of the technologies to manufacture manned cabin, which was a significant part of the submersible. To improve the procedure, horizontal EBW was employed on TC4 ELI alloy with 60 mm thickness, and the microstructures and properties of the joints were investigated. The crystals and microstructures of the welds were homogeneous from the top to bottom, and the microhardness of the weld was equivalent, which was harder than that of the base metal. The tensile properties of the joints were homogeneous along the penetration. The tensile strength and yield strength of the joints were higher than those of the base metal, and the percentage elongation after fracture was 80% of the base metal, which indicated the strength mis-match as overmatching. The impact toughnesses of the welds were equivalent along the penetration, which reached 80% of the base metal. The joint specimens were bended to 180° with no cracks. The investigation verified the excellent procedure and properties of horizontal EBW, which would make China become one of the countries with the capacity of manufacturing submersible cabin. 相似文献
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利用磁致伸缩空蚀实验装置对高锰铝青铜焊缝在质量分数为3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，焊接金属的抗空蚀性能明显高于母材，焊缝金属的空蚀累积失重及失重率均约为母材的1／4。SEM空蚀形貌分析表明，母材的空蚀破坏比焊缝金属严重得多，导致空蚀破坏的裂纹萌生于晶界。 相似文献
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The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was measured in waters off the coast of Peru during June and July 1983. The study period coincided with the end of the 1982/83 El Niño and the onset of coastal upwelling. Depth profiles of hydrogen peroxide concentration exhibit surface maxima and decrease with depth to the base of the mixed layer. Surface peroxide concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 5 × 10?8 M. Below the mixed layer hydrogen peroxide was below the detection limit (5 × 10?9 M). Diel variations were observed, with surface peroxide levels increasing during the day and decreasing at night. The nearshore station exhibited lower hydrogen peroxide concentrations than offshore stations, a reversal of the trend found in other coastal regions. This is attributed to the lack of coastal vegetation and runoff, and to active coastal upwelling of deeper water with low hydrogen peroxide concentrations. 相似文献
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Cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFF) is often used to obtain separation and concentration of colloids from bulk natural water samples. Application of the ultrafiltration permeation model allows the quantitative determination of the low molecular weight material (LMW, < 1 kDa) and colloids in bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM) from measurements of time series permeate samples obtained from CFF. Detailed analysis of a Yukon River water sample shows that DOM absorption coefficient and fluorescence follow the permeation model and that the complex spectral optical properties of LMW DOM can be reconstructed from CFF data. A combination of measured and modeled data indicates that the LMW contribution to bulk DOM optical properties obtained from CFF can be grossly underestimated by the use of a low concentration factor (CF, the ratio of initial sample volume to retentate volume). Even at a relatively high CF of 19, optical properties of LMW DOM calculated from measurements of the retentate or integrated permeate would underestimate true values by 5–36%. In the Yukon River sample, LMW dissolved organic carbon represented 26% of the bulk concentration, but only 3–14% of the colored DOM was in the LMW fraction while 31–33% of bulk DOM florescence was due to LMW DOM. The contrasting optical properties of LMW and colloidal DOM support the concept that analysis of bulk DOM absorption and fluorescence properties reveals information about DOM molecular weight. 相似文献