共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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为研究幂律流体偏心环空螺旋流轴向速度的分布规律,建立了幂律流体的偏心垂直环空螺旋流动实验模型及实验方案。利用PIV系统拍摄各种工况下偏心环空螺旋流场中粒子的图像,对实验数据进行处理分析,确定了幂律流体偏心环空螺旋流轴向速度分布的主要影响因素。着重分析了压力梯度、黏滞性、内管旋转角速度、偏心度这些影响因素对偏心环空宽、窄间隙处轴向速度分布的影响规律,为解决石油工业中相关问题提供了有益的参考。 相似文献
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随着陆地金属资源的日益枯竭,深海矿产资源已经成为各国的重要战略目标。在深海采矿过程中,海底锰结核的形状除了圆球状,还有长条状等,颗粒形状对固液两相流管道输送特性具有很大影响。基于固液两相流垂直管道提升输送试验系统,探究不同工况下长条状颗粒在垂直上升流中最小输送速度的变化规律及特性,并得到了长条状群体颗粒最小输送速度计算公式。结果表明:长条状颗粒在垂直管道中上升过程中,颗粒中心轴与输送方向趋向于垂直,使颗粒在管道截面的投影面积最大化;长条状单颗粒的最小输送速度随着颗粒长径比增大而减小;在不同长径比工况下,随着管段颗粒平均浓度减小,长条状群体颗粒的最小输送速度均增大,且随着长径比增大,群最小输送速度减小。 相似文献
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正方体人工鱼礁流场效应试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用无干扰的粒子图像测速技术(PIV),针对中空型正方体人工鱼礁,选取3个不同的来流速度6.7 cm/s、11.0 cm/s和18.0 cm/s,研究了该模型单体(90°和45°)和组合(平行和垂直)工况时的流场效应。结果显示,单体90°迎流时上升流的规模和强度大于45°迎流,但产生的缓流区和背涡流的规模远小于45°工况。横向组合中单个鱼礁模型产生的流场效应较强于单体工况。纵向组合中,第一个迎流鱼礁在不同间距时内部流速分布和单体时较为相似,间距为1.0L时流速大小与单体最为接近。第二个迎流鱼礁内部基本上未出现回流区域,水平流速较单体时明显减小,但随着间距的增加流速值不断增大。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(5)
为研究颗粒粒径对深海采矿提升泵工作性能影响,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和Hinze-Tchen颗粒湍流粘性系数模型,运用Fluent软件对采矿提升泵内固液两相流进行数值模拟,比较不同的颗粒粒径对采矿提升泵内颗粒浓度、速度、压力分布的影响,进而分析颗粒粒径对扬程、效率等工作性能的影响,指导深海采矿提升泵的设计。研究结果表明:在转速、流量、颗粒体积分数不变情况下,随着颗粒粒径增大,泵的扬程和效率都逐渐下降;叶轮叶片中前部流道内浆体的颗粒浓度大幅上升,叶轮流道内颗粒动态沉积更加严重,叶轮流道过流面积随之减小,反而加大了叶轮流道内贯流的相对速度,从而有效地抑制了边界层分离的发生,但在叶轮叶片中后部压力面上浆体压力下降幅度较大,泵内浆体总压逐渐下降,扬程随之减小;在叶轮出口处,流道内固液两相流的速度差异增大,在叶轮出口处形成的射流-尾迹结构增强,并在空间导叶流道内形成更加明显的二次流及漩涡,从而加大水力损失,降低效率。实验证实了数值模拟方法的可行性及准确性。 相似文献
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随着新能源等新兴产业的高速发展，金属矿产资源需求激增，国内外争相发展深海采矿技术。基于竖轴漩涡的水动力特性，设计了一种带有4个切向射流喷嘴的吸盘式水力集矿装置，提出应用切向射流在集矿装置内诱导生成竖轴漩涡的新集矿方法。开展水力集矿模型试验，研究竖轴漩涡集矿流场流速分布特征；分析低、中、高3种旋流度流态下，集矿流量对矿粒运动轨迹和采集率的影响。结果表明：矿粒起动轨迹随着旋流度的增加，逐渐从混乱无序转向明显的圆周运动；在特定集矿流态下，矿粒采集率随集矿流量的增加不断提高；当矿粒采集率超过90%时，集矿流量需求随着旋流度的增加而减小。通过采矿车原理样机水池测试，初步验证了集矿装置的集矿性能，可为集矿装备的设计研发与论证提供借鉴。 相似文献
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本文基于南海东北部观测的抛物线型背景流,设计了8种形式的抛物线型背景流,利用IGW模式研究了其对内孤立波(ISW)的特征和能量学的影响。研究结果表明:背景流对波包中ISW数目没有影响,但减小了ISW的相速度;对于下边界在主温跃层附近或在其上的抛物线型背景流,ISW振幅和最大位移深度均增加;随着抛物背景流曲率减小,ISW振幅、斜压与正压能比值减小,同时ISW相速度、正压能、斜压能、KE/APE都增加;如果抛物背景流底部延伸至海底,且曲率减小,则ISW振幅、相速度减小,同时正压能、斜压能、KE/APE增加;在整个深度上的背景流,随着下层曲率减小和上层曲率增大,ISW振幅、相速度、斜压与正压能比值、斜压能、KE/APE均增加。 相似文献
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以往的海底管道落锚撞击防护数值模拟主要为单一保护层模型，这里则针对块石+混凝土排垫复合方案建立模型并开展防护性能研究。基于ABAQUS建立有限元数值模型，模拟了落锚、海底管道、海床土体、块石层和混凝土排垫组成的复杂系统相互作用，研究了管道壁厚、内压，落锚质量和撞击速度等因素对管道应变极值和管体凹陷变形的影响。与单纯块石层保护方案相比，采用的块石+混凝土排垫方案具有更优良的防护效果。研究结果表明：在撞击点处，管道的轴向应变和环向应变均达到最大值，且随着与撞击点距离的增加沿管道轴向逐渐减小；撞击结束后，管道上仍然残留一定的塑性应变。随着管道壁厚的增加，管道的最大应变和凹陷深度也随之减小；随着内压的增加，管道上最大拉伸应变变大，而最大压缩应变和凹陷深度减小。随着落锚速度或者质量的增加，管道上最大应变和凹痕深度均变大；在相同动能情况下，管道上的最大应变和凹陷值基本相同，也表明落锚动能是影响管道变形响应的控制因素。本文研究成果可为海底管道防护方案设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
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河口环流和盐水入侵Ⅱ--径流量和海平面上升的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用本序列上篇论文建立的理想河口数值模式,研究径流量和海平面上升对河口环流和盐水入侵的影响.在径流量增大的情况下,口门内表层向海的流速增大,底层向陆的密度流减弱,滞流点下移.口门外侧向口门的密度流增大,上升流趋于增强.口门内盐水入侵减弱,口外盐度减小、冲淡水扩展范围增大.在口门上游北岸底层盐度下降明显,口门处南岸表层盐度下降明显.径流量变化对盐水入侵影响十分巨大.在海平面上升的情况下,拦门沙区域向陆的密度流增强,滞流点上移,表层向海的流动增大.口门内盐水入侵增强,口外盐度增大,冲淡水扩展范围减小.海平面上升对盐水入侵影响十分明显,北岸底层盐度增大尤为特出. 相似文献
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利用非静力中尺度数值模式 WRF (V2.2)对0518号台风“达维”(Damrey)经过海南岛过程进行了模拟.模式较好地再现了“达维”经过岛屿过程的移动路径、强度变化、环流结构以及降水分布.基于模拟结果,分析了台风内核区的动、热力场演变特征,结果如下:1)经过岛屿期间,台风内核区高、低层切向风速变化不大,贴地层与中间层切向风速在登陆过程及岛上移动前期减小,岛上移动后期到离岛入海期间增大.2)台风内核区高、低层分别存在主体出流及回流入流、主体入流及回流出流.登陆过程及岛上移动前期,主体入流速度变化不大,主体出流明显减弱.岛上移动后期到离岛入海期间,主体出流与回流出流明显加大并出现合并趋势.3)经过岛屿期间,台风环流区的环境风垂直切变没有像大多数热带气旋登陆一样出现增大的趋势,反而减小.切变下风方向先顺转后逆转,切变下风方向左侧与降水区有较好对应.4)登陆过程及岛上移动前期,台风高、低层的垂直速度及凝结加热均显著减小;岛上移动后期,高层垂直运动及凝结潜热释放继续减小,低层则明显增大. 相似文献
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A laboratory study on the turbulence and wave energy dissipations of spilling breakers in a surf zone is presented. Instantaneous velocity fields of propagating breaking waves on a 1/20 slope were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Due to the large region of the evolving wave breaking generated turbulent flow, seven PIV fields of view (FOVs) were mosaicked to form a continuous flow field in the surf zone. Mean and turbulence quantities were extracted by ensemble averaging 25 repeated instantaneous measurements at each FOV. New results for distribution and evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, mean flow energy, and total energy across the surf zone were obtained from analyzing the data. The turbulence dissipation rate was estimated based on several different approaches. It was found that the vertical distribution of the turbulence dissipation rate decays exponentially from the crest level to the bottom. The resulting energy budget and energy flux were also calculated. The calculated total energy dissipation rate was compared to that based on a bore approximation. It was found that the ratio of turbulence dissipation rate to total energy dissipation rate was about 0.01 in the outer surf zone and increased to about 0.1 after the breaking waves transformed into developed turbulent bores in the inner surf zone. 相似文献
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为进一步探究海洋内孤立波诱导流场对海洋工程结构物以及潜航器的影响,本文采用重力塌陷方法和粒子图像测速(Particle Image velocimetry,PIV)技术在大型分层流水槽中进行内孤立波造波以及内部流速场测量,定量分析了下凹型内孤立波诱导流场结构及其影响因素。研究表明:在密度分层流体中,PIV技术可实现对大幅面内孤立波诱导流场的精细测量以及波动结构特征的准确描述;水平流速在上下层方向相反且在跃层处最小,其剪切作用在波谷附近最强;垂向流动在波前和波后分别为上升和下沉流,两者流速值在距离波谷1/4~1/2波长位置达到最大;在相同内孤立波振幅条件下,上下层流体密度差越大、厚度比越小,则波致流场越强;随着振幅增大,流场结构与Kd V、e Kd V和MCC理论模型对应波幅适用范围的描述相吻合。 相似文献
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A boundary layer flow under spilling breakers in a laboratory surf zone with a smooth bottom is investigated using a high resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. By cross-correlating the images, oscillatory velocity profiles within a viscous boundary layer of O(1) mm in thickness are resolved over ten points. Using PIV measurements taken for an earlier study and the present study, flow properties in the wave bottom boundary layer (WBBL) over the laboratory surf zone are obtained, including the mean velocities, turbulence intensity, Reynolds stresses, and intermittency of coherent events. The data are then used to estimate the boundary layer thickness, phase variation, and bottom shear stress. It is found that while the time averaged mass transport inside the WBBL is onshore in the outer surf zone, it changes to offshore in the inner surf zone. The zero Eulerian mass transport occurs at h/hb ≈ 0.92 in the outer surf zone. The maximum overshoot of the streamwise velocity and boundary layer thickness are not constant across the surf zone. The bottom shear stress is mainly contributed by the viscous stress through mean velocity gradient while the Reynolds stress is small and negligible. The turbulence level is higher in the inner surf zone than that in the outer surf zone, although only a slight increase of turbulent intensity is observed inside the WBBL from the outer surf zone to the inner surf zone. The variation of phase inside and outside the WBBL was examined through the spatial velocity distribution. It is found the phase lead is not constant and its value is significantly smaller than previous thought. By analyzing instantaneous velocity and vorticity fields, a remarkable number of intermittent turbulent eddies are observed to penetrate into the WBBL in the inner surf zone. The size of the observed large eddies is about 0.11 to 0.16 times the local water depth. Its energy spectra follow the − 5/3 slope in the inertial subrange and decay exponentially in the dissipation subrange. 相似文献
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湍流局地平衡假设的新推论--齐次湍流动能输运方程封闭模型与应用(Ⅱ) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在湍流局地平衡假设下 ,建立了齐次湍能输运方程封闭模型 (HKE) ,并在平板边界层的两种经典流动中加以检验 ,给出 HKE封闭下的流速、湍流动能和湍流混合系数剖面的形式解。结果表明 ,HKE可以避免在流速剪切为零时的无湍流混合问题 ,其解与 L aufer湍流实验吻合 ,因而HKE模型比混合长理论有更合理的内涵。文中还给出 HKE封闭的浅海动力学模型 ,以湍应力和水位梯度力的平衡为运动的基本受力平衡 ,进行了模型的量阶分析和运动分析 :当阻尼频率和运动频率同量阶时 ,惯性运动不可忽略 ;在潮振荡占优的浅海中 ,对流非线性相对于惯性运动为小量 ;当阻尼频率足够大时 ,科氏力项相对于湍应力也可能为小量。 相似文献
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三种叠放形式的圆管型人工鱼礁流场效应数值模拟与PIV试验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
人工鱼礁单体按不同的数量和排列方式组合投放会产生不同的流场效应。圆管型礁为目前黄渤海区增殖礁的重要礁体型式,为优化该礁体的投放数量与排列方式,选择了3种不同叠放个数(1个、3个和6个)的圆管礁,设定了5个流速梯度(4.5、9.0、13.5、18.0和22.5cm/s),利用PIV粒子图像测速技术和Fluent数值模拟软件对圆管型人工鱼礁的流场进行水槽模型试验和数值模拟。结果表明,数值模拟结果与水槽试验结果基本吻合,误差在20%以下,表明数值模拟能够反映人工鱼礁的流场效应;当礁体叠放个数一定时,最大上升流流速、上升流高度和上升流面积均随来流速度的增加而增大,背涡流面积呈现不规则的变化;当来流速度一定时,最大上升流流速、上升流面积、上升流高度和背涡流面积均随礁体叠放个数的增加而增大。 相似文献
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Hydrodynamic forces exerting on a pipeline partially buried in a permeable seabed subjected to combined oscillatory flow and steady current are investigated numerically. Two-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a k−ω turbulent model closure are solved to simulate the flow around the pipeline. The Laplace equation is solved to calculate the pore pressure below the seabed with the simulated seabed hydrodynamic pressure as boundary conditions. The numerical model is validated against the experimental data of a fully exposed pipeline resting on a plane boundary under various flow conditions. Then the flow with different embedment depths, steady current ratios and KC numbers is simulated. The amplitude of seepage velocity is much smaller than the amplitude of free stream velocity as expected. The normalized Morison inertia, drag and lift coefficients based on the corresponding force coefficients of a fully exposed pipeline are investigated. The normalized Morison force coefficients reduce almost linearly with the increase of embedment depth and that the KC only has minor effect on the normalized Morison coefficients. It is also found that the permeable seabed condition causes a slight increase on the inline force and has a little effect on the lift force, compared with corresponding conditions in an impermeable bed. 相似文献
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波浪破碎过程产生的湍流动量和能量垂向输运对于加快海洋上混合层中垂向混合具有显著效果。采用二维实验室水槽中对波浪破碎过程进行模拟。对采集的波浪振幅时间序列采用希尔伯特变换定位破碎波位置,波浪的破碎率随有效波高的增加而增大,波浪谱分析得到的波浪基本周期与有效周期结果相似。实验中采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)计算波浪破碎过程中湍动能耗散率的空间分布。湍流强度与波浪的相位密切相关,波峰位置处湍流活动最为剧烈,而且波峰位置处湍流混合区内湍动能耗散率量值的垂向分布基本保持不变,即出现"湍流饱和"现象,湍流影响深度可以达到波高的70%—90%。计算湍流扩散系数的垂向分布发现,湍流扩散在混合区上部随深度的增大以指数函数的形式增加,在混合区下部趋于稳定。作为对比,在相同位置处对声学多普勒流速测量仪(acoustic Doppler velocimeter, ADV)测量的单点流速做频谱分析,发现与该位置处PIV湍动能耗散率结果量级处于同一水平,进一步验证了实验结果的准确性。 相似文献
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The spoiler is a kind of device to disturb current and promote burying.At present,all submarine pipeline spoilers at home and abroad are parallel spoilers,that is,the plane of the spoiler is parallel to the vertical plane of the pipeline axis.According to the results of indoor experiments,when the pipeline with the forward spoiler is installed perpendicular to the direction of water flow,the spoiler will accelerate the seabed erosion and cause the pipeline to endure downward pressure,which will eventually cause the pipeline self-buried to form a protection.However,when the pipeline direction is consistent with the flow direction,the self-buried behavior and protective effect is vanished.By aiming at the defect that the forward spoiler cannot be self-buried when the direction of the pipeline and the flow are basically parallel,the spoiler burying aid device perpendicular to the pipeline axis has been innovatively developed,and the hydrodynamic changes and sediment erosion characteristics near the pipeline after the installation of the device were studied based on the experiment.Results reveal that although the perpendicular spoiler cannot generate downforce,it can greatly increase the turbulent kinetic energy of the flow and the rate of sediment erosion.The larger the angle between the pipeline axis and the spoiler plane is,the larger the increase in turbulent energy will be.The increase in turbulent energy near the bed surface can reach up about 70%when the angle is 90°,while serious sediment erosion mainly occurs along both sides of the pipeline with a distance of about 2?4 times the pipe diameter.In the future,we can further explore the influence of the perpendicular spoiler size and installation position on the pipeline downforce and the effect of burying promotion.At the same time,field tests on the perpendicular spoiler burying aid device currently developed will conduct to observe the actual effect of perpendicular spoiler promoting pipeline scouring and burying,and improve submarine pipeline safety protection technology. 相似文献