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基于挪威海洋技术研究所 (MARINTEK) 和挪威科技大学 (NTNU) 共同研发的VIVANA模型,编制了一个基于频率响应法的海底悬跨管道涡激振动预报程序,其计算结果与VIVANA符合得较好.应用所编制的程序分析在不同流速条件下海底悬跨管道的涡激振动响应及响应频率的特征,对不同悬跨长度、不同截面特征、具有简单边界的海底悬跨管道涡激振动响应和响应频率进行了计算,给出位移和应力沿管跨的分布及响应频率的变化规律. 相似文献
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提出一种海底管道沉降计算方法——递推法，应用到胜利油田埕岛海域海底管道沉降计算中，并将计算结果与目前常用的日本规范法和极限法进行比较。研究发现在粉土与粉质粘土为主的强度较高的海床上，递推法与日本规范法计算结果比较接近，极限法的最小；在淤泥质土组成的强度较低的海床上，日本规范法的计算值最大，递推法的居中，极限法的最小。逆推法可计算裸置和埋设两种形式的管道沉降量，而另外两者只能计算裸置管道的沉降。文中进一步讨论了引起管道沉降的影响因素，土体强度和压缩性对管道沉降影响较大。且管道埋深越大，沉降也越大。最后分析了黄河水下三角洲埕岛海域4个区的管道沉降量，Ⅰ区争Ⅱ区管道沉降较小，可以忽略，Ⅳ区沉降较大，在淤泥质软土上的管道，可能会完全陷入土中。 相似文献
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埕岛油田海底管线在位稳定性的计算分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
埕岛油田主要分布粉土和淤泥质软土2类典型的海床.通过建立海床与其上裸置管线相互作用的有限元计算模型,对埕岛油田2类典型海床上裸置管线的在位稳定性进行了数值计算分析,并与现行常用的DNV(挪威船级社)管道设计方法的计算结果进行了对比.分析表明,对于埕岛油田粉土海床上裸置管线的在位稳定性分析,数值计算结果与DNV简化分析方法的结果较为一致;对于埕岛油田淤泥质软土海床上裸置管线的在位稳定性分析,DNV简化分析得到的裸置管线的在位稳定性一般高于相应的数值计算结果. 相似文献
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海底管道是天然气水合物大规模开采和集输的关键装备。天然气水合物的开采过程会扰动沉积层的结构，改变沉积层的强度和力学特性，诱发海床发生不均匀沉降，并对水合物开采区内海底管道的力学特性产生影响，如引起管道发生大变形、悬跨、屈曲、断裂等。基于ABAQUS有限元软件，建立天然气水合物开采区内“海床-管道”耦合作用模型，模拟了天然气水合物开采过程中海床沉降变形及其对管道应力、应变、弯矩、悬跨等力学行为的影响。研究结果表明，在天然气水合物开采过程中，海床的不均匀沉降将引起管道发生显著位移并发生弯曲，管道的应力、应变随着变形的增大而增大。当海床沉降量达到某一程度时，管道将脱离海床，产生悬跨，并引发涡激振动风险。 相似文献
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海底滑坡会对海洋工程结构物造成严重破坏。滑移速度和距离是量化和分析海底滑坡的两个重要参数。目前BING等计算方法在模拟水下土体流动方面存在局限性,因此通过建立考虑土体固结和侵蚀效应的控制方程,选用摩擦流变模型,采用SPH深度积分算法,对海底滑坡进行了模拟研究。对比不同水深、坡度、接触摩擦系数和侵蚀率条件下的滑移体的速度、高度、长度的时程曲线,整理了最大滑移距离和速度,讨论变化规律。研究成果可为海底滑坡灾害预警和海底管线路由选址提供技术参考。 相似文献
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水下生产系统跨接管结构极限承载能力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
跨接管是水下生产系统的主要构件之一,水下地形变化易导致跨接管两端承受较大边界位移载荷,对水下生产系统的结构安全性产生不利影响。研究并分析了端部相对位移载荷作用下跨接管结构的极限承载能力及跨接管失效模式的特点,表明整体轴向压缩位移分量是导致跨接管结构发生极限破坏的主要因素。在此基础上考虑了内表面周向裂纹对跨接管极限强度的影响。分析结果表明:当裂纹较小时,因弯管截面的椭圆化和塑性屈服,轴向压缩位移很容易使跨接管发生整体压缩失效;当裂纹较大时,因为裂纹韧带区的高应力效应,跨接管会在整体压缩失效之前达到极限状态;最终失效模式取决于裂纹的位置及大小。 相似文献
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悬跨海底电缆作为细长柔性结构，在静力平衡状态下具有一定的垂度，在水流作用下的涡激振动特性与海底管线和海洋立管等结构也有很大的不同，其振动模态受垂跨比影响很大。通过物理模型试验开展了不同垂跨比下悬跨海缆的涡激振动和疲劳损伤特性研究。试验模型按照水弹性相似准则设计，试验中测量了不同流速下海缆模型产生涡激振动时的应变历时数据，采用模态分析法获得了模型涡激振动时的振动模态和振幅。分析了不同流速下海缆模型的振动模态、应变和疲劳损伤的变化和分布特征。试验结果表明：垂跨比显著影响了海缆的涡激振动模态和应变幅值大小。在本试验流速范围内，对一定长度的悬跨海缆模型，当垂跨比较大时，随着流速的增大，模型涡激振动的主响应振动依次出现反对称1阶和对称1阶模态；当垂跨比较小时，模型涡激振动的主响应模态依次出现反对称1阶和对称2阶模态。当涡激振动主响应模态为反对称1阶时，疲劳损伤最大值达到0. 1~0.7。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献