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从我国海洋立法角度研究我国现行的海洋法律制度,分析海洋法律制度的特点并指出我国海洋立法中存在的问题,在此基础上提出了完善我国海洋法律制度的对策. 相似文献
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海洋循环经济是实现沿海地区经济、资源、环境可持续发展的重要战略之一.文章基于产业体系角度,总结辽宁海洋循环经济发展模式,指出育苗业、海水增养殖业、水产加工业、海盐业及盐化工业、海洋石油和天然气业、滨海造船业、滨海旅游业的循环经济模式.并指出海洋资源的高效综合利用的核心是海水直接利用和海水淡化,加快辽宁海洋循环经济发展的对策建议是:加强对循环经济的宣传、构建有利于循环经济发展的政策体系、建立循环经济的绿色技术支撑体系、培育适应循环经济发展的企业制度. 相似文献
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随着海洋生态环境治理工作的推进，入海排污口造成的陆源污染问题逐渐成为制约海洋生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要因素。文章从我国入海排污口的现状出发，分析入海排污口对海洋生态环境的影响和治理入海排污口的必要性；法律作为社会治理的有效手段和工具，从法律视角研究我国治理入海排污口的改进措施。在入海排污口治理的相关立法中，《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》是减少海洋污染、保护海洋生态环境的专门法律，以该法为依托，从法律角度思考入海排污口造成的污染问题，研究备案制度在入海排污口治理中的可行性与运行的不足之处，分析现存的排污总量控制制度对入海排污口的管理现状，聚焦现有法律制度对入海排污口造成的入海污染物排放的监管局限。进而从完善入海排污口管理的具体细化立法，改进监管体系漏洞、促进监管体系全面性，以及提高公众对海洋环境污染防治的参与度等角度提出相应的法律建议。 相似文献
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海洋能源产业补贴是政府或相关机构基于能源供给侧要求以及可持续发展的目标而对海洋能源生产活动中的企业或个人提供的财产性资助。财政补贴顺应了国家能源供给侧改革的要求以及可持续发展的目标。文章从海洋能源产业补贴的基础问题入手，结合青岛市海洋能源产业补贴的实践现状对其存在问题进行体系化分析。在厘清宏观层面的法律体系不完善与微观层面的制度缺位的基础上，探究青岛市海洋能源产业补贴制度的完善路径。从央地立法互动、增强法律规范间的协调性、完善海洋能源补贴专门性立法的层面，优化青岛海洋能源产业补贴的整体法律布局。从海洋能源创新科研补贴制度、海上发电产业税收优惠制度、海洋能源制造业转型升级补贴制度、海洋能源产业应急保障补贴制度层面，实现青岛市海洋能源产业补贴具体制度的构建。以期推动我国海洋能源产业补贴制度的法治化建设。 相似文献
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目前我国现行海洋法制仍存在着不少问题,如基本法律缺失,重要法律制度位阶较低,缺乏对海洋经济发展的立法保护,对海洋开发活动的法律规范不足等。在当今世界海洋开发利用迅猛发展的背景下,迫切需要我们重新认识海洋对于我国的重要意义,并以法律手段推进我国海洋事业的发展。 相似文献
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胶州湾正面临着严重的环境问题,如湿地减少,海域面积不断缩小、纳潮量持续减小;水域污染严重,水质日益恶化;生物资源衰退等,针对这些问题,对涉及胶州湾的各级法律法规进行分析研究,找出了现行法律的欠缺之处:法律体系不完善、海洋执法水平较低、司法救济不足。立法方面,国家立法和地方立法不完善,尚未形成健全有效的胶州湾保护法律体系;执法方面,既往的执法工作取得了积极有效的成果,但执法能力仍然有待提高;司法方面,受制于我国司法体系,司法救济并没有真正到位。针对这些不足提出解决胶州湾法律问题的对策建议,主要有:健全海洋法律体系、提高海洋执法能力、健全司法救济制度。期望为青岛市整治胶州湾环境问题、合理开发利用胶州湾、保护胶州湾海洋环境提供参考。 相似文献
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美国海岸海洋管理的法律体系与实践 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从四个阶段划分了美国海岸海洋管理的立法过程，阐述了美国海岸海洋管理法律体系的若干特征与存在的问题，并从体制、制度、政策等方面评述了海岸海洋的管理活动，最后分析了美国当前海岸海洋管理立法局长的新趋势。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献