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纳机电矢量水听器根据鱼类听觉器官侧线设计,是一种新型微纳结合的纤毛式水声矢量探测仿生结构。以往关于纳机电矢量水听器的定向研究都是基于单个水听器的,方位角出现了左右舷模糊,波束图的主瓣宽度较宽。为提高水听器的性能,改进了其敏感单元和封装方式,经国防科技工业一级测量站标定,其频率响应范围为20~2 000 Hz,灵敏度为-165 dB。为解决左右舷模糊,采用二元阵进行定向,水听器的两路输出信号被校准一致后,在某开阔水域进行了纳机电矢量水听器二元阵的实验研究,验证了纳机电矢量水听器二元阵水平沿X轴放置时能够唯一确定目标的方位角,但是俯仰角出现了左右舷模糊;对低频信号的定向能力较强;具有可靠的跟踪水下运动目标能力。 相似文献
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针对多径条件下相干声源方位估计问题,研究了矢量水听器阵列信号方位估计的 MUSIC 与 ESPRIT 方法,并通过空间重采样推广到宽带信号方位估计中。实船噪声的计算机仿真表明：6 元矢量水听器阵列可以分辨空间间隔不大于 15o 的 2 个目标,并可利用相干信号子空间方法解相干源,在声引信多目标分辨中有应用前景。 相似文献
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文中推导了阵元为矢量水听器时的MU S IC算法。对直线阵情况进行了计算机仿真,结果表明,矢量阵MU-S IC算法与声压阵相比具有更高的方位分辨力。 相似文献
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矢量水听器浮标在海上试验时一般需用到真方位、声学方位、罗经值 3 个参数，但罗经安装过程中很难正对大地坐标系正北方向，海上试验前一般都需要校准。针对这个问题，采用了直方图的方法挑选矢量水听器浮标补偿角，挑选出的补偿角用于海上试验时声学测向角度补偿，保证声学方位测量的准确性。 相似文献
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This paper introduces a novel ESPRIT-based closed form source localization algorithm applicable to arbitrarily spaced three-dimensional arrays of vector hydrophones, whose locations need not be known. Each vector hydrophone consists of two or three identical but orthogonally oriented velocity hydrophones plus one pressure hydrophone, all spatially co-located in a point-like geometry. A velocity hydrophone measures one Cartesian component of the incident sonar wavefield's velocity-vector, whereas a pressure hydrophone measures the acoustic wavefield's pressure. Velocity-hydrophone technology is well established in underwater acoustics and a great variety of commercial models have long been available. ESPRIT is realized herein by exploiting the nonspatial inter-relations among each vector hydrophone's constituent hydrophones, such that ESPRIT's eigenvalues become independent of array geometry. Simulation results verify the efficacy and versatility of this innovative scheme 相似文献
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This paper introduces a novel ESPRIT-based closed-form source localization algorithm applicable to arbitrarily spaced three-dimensional arrays of vector hydrophones, whose locations need not be known. Each vector hydrophone consists of two or three identical but orthogonally oriented velocity hydrophones plus one pressure hydrophone, all spatially co-located in a point-like geometry. A velocity hydrophone measures one Cartesian component of the incident sonar wavefield's velocity vector, whereas a pressure hydrophone measures the acoustic wavefield's pressure. Velocity-hydrophone technology is well established in underwater acoustics and a great variety of commercial models have long been available. ESPRIT is realized herein by exploiting the nonspatial interrelations among each vector hydrophone's constituent hydrophones, such that ESPRIT's eigenvalues become independent of array geometry. Simulation results verify the efficacy and versatility of this innovative scheme 相似文献
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随着减振降噪及消声技术的发展,水声探测技术逐渐向低频段延伸。相应地,对适用于超低频频段且具有高灵敏度的水听器需求也越来越迫切。该研究基于有限元理论,对4种形式的声压水听器进行了灵敏度对比分析,构建了超低频、高灵敏度声压水听器的系统模型;通过仿真,得到了其前二阶模态,空气及水中的导纳曲线,以及声压接收灵敏度,仿真结果表明,超低频频段内,该研究设计的声压水听器在空气及水中的频响曲线平坦。基于仿真结果进行了样机制作,对所研制的实物样机进行了实验测试,测试结果表明该种声压水听器具有良好的超低频响应特性以及较高的灵敏度。通过对实物样机的测试,验证了其实用性。 相似文献
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A vector hydrophone is composed of two or three spatially collocated but orthogonally oriented velocity hydrophones plus an optional collocated pressure hydrophone. A vector hydrophone may form azimuth-elevation beams that are invariant with respect to the sources' frequencies, bandwidths and radial location (in near field as opposed to the far field). This paper characterizes the spatial matched filter beam patterns (a.k.a. fixed or conventional or maximum signal-to-noise ratio beam patterns) and the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beam patterns associated with a single underwater acoustic vector hydrophone distant from any reflecting boundary. 相似文献
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Aperture extension is achieved in this novel ESPRIT-based two-dimensional angle estimation scheme using a uniform rectangular array of vector hydrophones spaced much farther apart than a half-wavelength. A vector hydrophone comprises two or three spatially co-located, orthogonally oriented identical velocity hydrophones (each of which measures one Cartesian component of the underwater acoustical particle velocity vector-field) plus an optional pressure hydrophone. Each incident source's directions-of-arrival are determined from the source's acoustical particle velocity components, which are extracted by decoupling the data covariance matrix's signal-subspace eigenvectors using the lower dimensional eigenvectors obtainable by ESPRIT. These direction-cosine estimates are unambiguous but have high variance; they are used as coarse references to disambiguate the cyclic phase ambiguities in ESPRIT's eigenvalues when the intervector-hydrophone spacing exceeds a half-wavelength. In one simulation scenario, the estimation standard deviation decreases with increasing intervector-hydrophone spacing up to 12 wavelengths, effecting a 97% reduction in the estimation standard deviation relative to the half-wavelength case. This proposed scheme and the attendant vector-hydrophone array outperform a uniform half-wavelength spaced pressure-hydrophone array with the same aperture and slightly greater number of component hydrophones by an order of magnitude in estimation standard deviation. Other simulations demonstrate how this proposed method improves underwater acoustic communications link performance. The virtual array interpolation technique would allow this proposed algorithm to be used with irregular array geometries 相似文献
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This paper introduces a novel blind MUSIC-based (MUltiple SIgnal Classification) source localization algorithm applicable to an arbitrarily spaced three-dimensional array of vector hydrophones, each of which comprises two or more co-located and orthogonally oriented velocity hydrophones plus an optional pressure hydrophone. This proposed algorithm: (1) exploits the incident sources' angular diversity in the underwater acoustic particle velocity field; (2) adaptively forms velocity-field beams at each vector-hydrophone; (3) uses ESPRIT to self-generate coarse estimates of the sources' arrival angles to start off its MUSIC-based iterative search with no a priori source information; and (4) automatically pairs the x-axis direction-cosine estimates with the y-axis direction-cosine estimates. Simulation results verify the efficacy of this proposed scheme 相似文献
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The authors compare the signal-to-noise ratios obtained on bottomed seismometers, bottomed hydrophones, and buried seismometers from near-surface explosions in the Ngendei Expedition. The data were recorded in 5.5-km-deep water in the south central Pacific Ocean with a triaxial borehole seismograph and four triaxial ocean-bottom seismographs having externally mounted hydrophones. At ranges less than 35 km, the data indicate that the ocean bottom seismometer is a superior signal detector than the ocean-bottom hydrophone, and that the subbottom seismometer is superior in performance to the ocean-bottom seismometer. Above 4 Hz, the seismometer appears to have a 10-dB signal-to-noise advantage over the hydrophone for surface explosions at ranges less than 30 km 相似文献
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Sound from an airborne source travels to a receiver beneath the sea surface via a geometric path that is most simply described using ray theory, where the atmosphere and the sea are assumed to be isospeed sound propagation media separated by a planar surface (the air-sea interface). This theoretical approach leads to the development of a time-frequency model for the signal received by a single underwater acoustic sensor and a time-delay model for the signals received by a pair of spatially separated underwater acoustic sensors. The validity of these models is verified using spatially averaged experimental data recorded from a linear array of hydrophones during various transits of a turboprop aircraft. The same approach is used to solve the inverse time-frequency problem, that is, estimation of the aircraft's speed, altitude, and propeller blade rate given the observed variation with time of the instantaneous frequency of the received signal. Similarly, the inverse time-delay problem is considered whereby the speed and altitude of the aircraft are estimated using the differential time-of-arrival information from each of two adjacent pairs of widely spaced hydrophones (with one hydrophone being common to each pair). It is found that the solutions to each of the inverse problems provide reliable estimates of the speed and altitude of the aircraft, with the inverse time-frequency method also providing an estimate that closely matches the actual propeller blade rate 相似文献
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William A. Watkins Mary Ann Daher Joseph E. George David Rodriguez 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):1889-1901
A unique whale call with 50–52 Hz emphasis from a single source has been tracked over 12 years in the central and eastern North Pacific. These calls, referred to as 52-Hz calls, were monitored and analyzed from acoustic data recorded by hydrophones of the US Navy Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) and other arrays. The calls were noticed first in 1989, and have been detected and tracked since 1992. No other calls with similar characteristics have been identified in the acoustic data from any hydrophone system in the North Pacific basin. Only one series of these 52-Hz calls has been recorded at a time, with no call overlap, suggesting that a single whale produced the calls. The calls were recorded from August to February with most in December and January. The species producing these calls is unknown. The tracks of the 52-Hz whale were different each year, and varied in length from 708 to 11,062 km with travel speeds ranging from 0.7 to 3.8 km/h. Tracks included (A) meandering over short ranges, (B) predominantly west-to-east movement, and (C) mostly north-to-south travel. These tracks consistently appeared to be unrelated to the presence or movement of other whale species (blue, fin and humpback) monitored year-round with the same hydrophones. 相似文献
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The impact of rain and spray on the ocean disturbs the sea surface and generates underwater ambient noise. The short scale roughness is influenced by impacting drops due to the momentum transfer. Radar and sonar signals are scattered by the short elements of the sea surface. Spray and rain impact change their characteristics, and consequently affect radar and sonar backscatter. In situ measurements of rain and spray impact are necessary to study their effects on the sea surface. Accurate sea measurements of rain momentum fluxes and drop size distributions are a complex problem, especially on buoys. A new measuring technique has been developed using hydrophones. Exposed to precipitation, these instruments are affected directly by the impact of rain. A drop falling on the hydrophone deforms its surface and is sensed by a piezoelectric transducer. The voltage output of the sensor is a rapidly decaying oscillation. The integral value of this signal is a measure of the drop momentum, and the drop size can be deduced. Laboratory studies of defined drops as well as field measurements of natural rain have shown that hydrophones can be used to determine drop momentums and drop size distributions. Based on simultaneous rain measurements by a Joss-Waldvogel Disdrometer and a hydrophone, an analytical function has been derived which relates drop size and hydrophone voltage output 相似文献