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笔者根据1995～1996年对中华乌塘鳢(BostrichthyssinensisLacépède)的试养实践和调查研究,发现网箱养殖中华乌塘鳢一般养殖周期多在4～6个月,鱼苗成活率达80%以上,商品鱼平均体重在150g左右,饵料系数约为4.6(鲜活饵料),投入产出比约1∶2.5。与传统的池塘养殖方法相比具有便于管理、水质不易恶化、病害较少、饵料利用充分、养殖周期短、产量高、经济效益好等优点。现就网箱养殖中华乌塘鳢技术总结如下。1 养殖方法1.1 海域环境钦州湾七十二经和龙门港水域是传统的海水鱼类网箱养殖区域,海水水质良好,水深浪静,避风条件好。海水比重常年… 相似文献
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2011年4～9月期间对养殖系统N、P营养盐含量进行连续采样分析,比较刺参单养(S池塘)和刺参-对虾复合养殖(SS池塘)2种模式养殖系统水体、沉积物、底泥营养盐的动态变化及循环过程。结果表明,水体中总氮(TN)含量为:S池塘(1.16±0.13)～(2.64±0.09)mg·L-1;SS池塘(1.24±0.08)～(2.55±0.09)mg·L-1。水体中总磷(TP)含量为:S池塘(0.03±0.01)～(0.08±0.01)mg·L-1;SS池塘(0.03±0.01)～(0.09±0.02)mg·L-1。水体中总无机氮(DIN)含量为:S池塘(0.10±0.03)～(0.32±0.05)mg·L-1;SS池塘(0.16±0.03)～(0.45±0.02)mg·L-1。3种营养盐浓度并未随着养殖活动的进行而持续升高,反而下降,说明这2种养殖模式均不会增加养殖水体营养盐负荷。2个池塘底泥的TN、TP含量从实验开始到结束均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),说明这2种养殖模式均不会增加养殖池塘底泥N、P营养盐的积累。各营养盐指标相关分析结果显示,两池塘底泥氨氮与水体氨氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明氨氮在池塘底泥与水体之间存在交换作用,并且刺参和对虾的扰动作用可能促进这一交换过程。8和9月刺参处于夏眠期,SS池塘水体颗粒氮(PN)显著低于S池塘(P<0.05),水体颗粒物的沉积通量也相对增大,底泥氨氮含量显著低于S池塘(P<0.05),而水体氨氮、DIN、TN浓度均高于S池塘,说明刺参-对虾复合养殖池塘中,因混养对虾的生物沉积与扰动作用,加强了养殖系统内水体与底泥之间的偶联作用,加快了营养盐的循环过程,防止营养盐在底泥的连续积累造成的养殖环境恶化。 相似文献
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不同池塘养殖模式的环境氮磷负荷及其水质特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年3月至2009年1月研究了广东海丰县东关联安围湿地两种投饵养殖模式——对虾主养(半集约化养殖)和虾蟹混养(半集约化养殖)海水池塘的环境氮磷负荷和养殖水体氮磷含量的周年变化情况,并以不投饵的塭围虾贝混养(粗放式养殖)模式为对照。3种模式中,池塘单位面积环境氮、磷负荷以对虾主养模式最高,分别为36.52 kg/hm2和7.39 kg/hm2;虾蟹混养模式次之,分别为1.49 kg/hm2和0.52kg/hm2;而塭围虾贝混养模式最低,分别为–2.47 kg/hm2和–0.34 kg/hm2。每月1次对3种模式养殖过程中水体的总氮、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮和总磷及磷酸盐含量进行监测,结果表明,与养殖环境氮磷负荷大小相对应,塭围虾贝混养池塘水质最好,虾蟹混养池塘次之,而对虾主养池塘水质最差,这种现象尤其在养殖后期更为明显。 相似文献
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菊花心江蓠对中国明对虾养殖环境净化作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过陆基围隔探讨了菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichenoides)对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)养殖环境的净化作用。虾的放养密度为32ind.m-2,混养不同放养密度的江蓠(120,240,360,480g.m-2)。经90d的养殖,实验统计结果表明,混养江蓠的中国明对虾的生长和总产量均优于对照组(P<0.05)。水质分析结果表明,在相同的环境条件和管理方式下,各处理组NH4 的含量明显低于对照组(P<0.01),PO43-和叶绿素a的含量也低于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,混养江蓠可以改善水质条件和提高混养对虾的生长和成活率,菊花心江蓠对中国明对虾的养殖具有一定的净化产作用。在菊花心江蓠不同放养密度的处理中,在此对虾放养密度的池塘中混养江蓠的最佳放养密度为360g.m-2。 相似文献
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大型海藻孔石莼在工厂化海水养殖中的生物修复及其应用前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水养殖业是山东半岛蓝色经济区建设产业群的重要组成部分.在大力发展蓝色经济的宏观指导下,海水养殖业特别是工厂化海水养殖业得以快速发展.近几年,除了较早发展的室内鲍鱼养殖外,我国许多海水养殖品种和养殖规模都有所扩大,如真鲷、牙鲆、美国红鱼、大西洋鲑等.在以低碳养殖(低能耗、低排放、低污染)为产业发展方向的政策指引下,一种对环境友好、对生物无害、可高值化利用的养殖模式——海基(生态型)和陆基(集约型)两大类型的工厂化养殖模式成为养殖业发展的方向.大型藻类由于生长速度快,海水净化能力强,用其在水产养殖过程中替代化学和微生物方法净化水质,维持养殖生态平衡,取得了良好的效果. 相似文献
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本文以东营市黄河三角洲地区对虾养殖示范园的对虾绿色生态调控养殖试验为基础 ,侧重阐述虾池移植伪才女虫、石莼、藻钩虾、蜾蠃蜚、拟沼螺等生物群落 ,分别取得 (2～ 30 )× 10 3 尾 /m2 ,总生物量 2 0 0 g/ m2 以上的效果。以及中国对虾、南美白对虾和日本对虾及其二茬养殖方式的生长模拟、生长比较等 ,得出中国对虾 >南美白对虾 >日本对虾的结果。初步探索出 1条移植生物群落为主的生态调控养虾之路 相似文献
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蒙古裸腹 (Moinamongolica)大小适宜(560～1360μm),营养丰富,蛋白质含量(干重)达55.7%,脂肪含量高达35.3%,并具有较高的海水鱼虾所必需的高度不饱和脂肪酸含量,与日本虎斑猛水蚤(Trigriopusjaponicus)相当[1]。其繁殖能力强,对环境耐受力高,人工养殖能达到一定的密度,是一种很有开发价值的海水鱼虾活饵料[2,3]。本文初步研究了该 的大量培养技术。1 材料与方法1.1 种来源与试验条件种 自1995年从孟加拉国海水虾池采回后,经室内不断扩大培养形成一定群体。试验在3个6m×4m×1.5m的室内水泥池中进行,每池布8个气石。采用砂滤海水和地… 相似文献
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基于2010年5月至2011年4月12个航次的调查数据,利用化学参数法以及综合指数法(营养水平指数(E)和营养状态质量指数(NQI)),评价了乳山太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)周年养殖区和秋季暂养育肥区的水质状况和营养状况。结果显示,2个养殖区总磷、总氮、无机磷、无机氮的含量变动范围分别为2.01～7.00μmol.L-1,11.38～75.45μmol.L-1,0.002～0.035mg.L-1,0.03～0.54mg.L-1;两地COD和叶绿素a的含量变动范围分别为1.03～3.41mg.L-1和0.68～42.17μg.L-1,季节差异较大。化学参数法的评价结果表明,乳山牡蛎养殖区春季水质状况最优,冬夏季次之,秋季稍差。由于养殖区内潮流畅通但水深较浅,水中的磷含量易受再悬浮颗粒的影响,E和NQI的评价结果并不吻合。牡蛎养殖对于养殖区叶绿素a的抑制作用较为明显,对氮、磷含量直接效用不显著,但长期养殖可能会造成氮、磷在海区底质中的积累,再悬浮的沉积物颗粒可能会增加水体中的氮磷含量。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(Z1)
为更好地去除海水循环养殖废水中的抗生素磺胺甲恶唑(SMX),以降低养殖废水排放造成的生态风险,从胶州湾近岸海水养殖池塘底泥中分离到一株SMX降解菌株O516,对其开展了SMX降解条件的优化,并考察了菌株附着生长特性及应用于废水处理系统的可行性。结果表明,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌被鉴定为库克动性球菌(Planococcuskocurii)O516;适宜培养温度为20～35℃,适宜pH为7.4;菌株在淡水中72 h可降解2.0 mg·L~(-1)的SMX,当盐度为35 g·L~(-1)时,72 h内可去除6.0 mg·L~(-1)的SMX。另外,菌株7 d内可在光滑的脱脂玻璃表面稳定生长出超过4个细胞厚度的生物膜,附着生长能力良好;将固定化菌株投加海水养殖废水处理反应器后,反应器对进水中1.0 mg·L~(-1)的SMX降解率自28.7%～40.0%提高至60.9%～68.1%。本研究表明,自海洋环境中分离的菌株库克动性球菌(P.kocurii)O516具有高效的SMX降解能力和耐盐特性,在海水养殖废水SMX治理中展现出很好的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献