共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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海岸线演变及其动态监测,对沿海地区生态保护和可持续发展至关重要。受自然过程和人类活动的影响,黄河三角洲海岸线始终处于动态变化之中。本文基于1996－2020年黄河口Landsat系列卫星影像,利用数字岸线分析系统（DSAS）,探讨了近25年来黄河口海岸线动态演变规律及其对黄河输沙量变化的响应关系。研究发现：现行河口地区海岸线平均向海淤进260 m/a,老河口岸线平均变化-167 m/a。调水调沙前,河口岸线整体处于蚀退阶段;调水调沙后,现行河口岸线初期快速淤进,后速率逐渐减缓,老河口始终处于蚀退状态。年内尺度上,现行河口岸线在调水调沙年份汛期前后淤进明显,非调水调沙年份汛期前后淤进缓慢,老河口岸线变化基本与年际变化一致。调水调沙前后,黄河入海沙量对岸线演变的影响程度提升,在年内尺度上对汛期前后现行河口岸线变化作用显著（R2=0.93） 相似文献
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莱州湾南部自20世纪80年代以来海岸地貌发生了显著变化，研究海岸地貌的演变规律对海岸防护和海岸带资源可持续利用具有重要意义。本文以不同时期测量或成像的海图和遥感影像为数据源，基于RS和GIS技术对海岸线和水下岸坡演变进行定量研究。结果表明：(1)1958–2021年自然岸线逐渐减少，人工岸线逐渐增加，到2021年人工岸线长度约占总长度的87%，海岸线演化与海岸带建设密切相关；(2)以1984年为界，1984年前以自然演变为主，1984年后人类活动起主导作用，自然演变下海岸线以向陆蚀退为主，人为干预下以向海推进为主；(3)水下岸坡冲淤分布极不平衡，总体呈侵蚀–淤积–淤积减缓的趋势。南部河流入海口处在1984年后基本呈侵蚀状态。0 m和2 m等深线有前进有后退，但变化幅度相对较小；5～9 m等深线在堤河以西海域向海前进显著，其冲淤演变复杂；10 m等深线以堤河为界表现出西淤东蚀的状态。河流来沙是导致海岸线和水下岸坡演变的重要物质基础，波浪和潮流是主要的驱动力。人工设施在引起河流输沙减少的同时，也导致海岸线大幅向海推进、入海河口受到侵蚀。东北部莱州浅滩附近受人为影响处于侵蚀、解体状态，未来将... 相似文献
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基于遥感岸线识别技术的射阳河口潮滩冲淤演变研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
定义平均高潮位在岸滩上形成的痕迹线为潮滩岸线,并利用1995—2003年的3景TM数据,对射阳河口海岸线及潮滩岸线的演变状况进行了调查与监测。结果表明,海岸线仅在南大港到沙港段随人工海堤的外推向海推进;潮滩岸线在北岸持续蚀退,南岸持续淤长。河口附近岸滩的演变趋势是逐渐平直。结合实测数据对比分析可知北岸潮滩相对稳定;南岸变化幅度较大,潮滩上表面淤长,而下部蚀退,继而探讨了岸线的演变特点及原因。 相似文献
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大量工程实践表明,海滩养护是当前抵御海岸侵蚀的常见措施。通过人为地向海滩补充沙源,以达到海岸防护、修复沙滩等目的。本文建立了XBeach一维海滩剖面演变数值模型,并与物理模型试验结果进行对比验证;计算常浪条件下不同方案补沙后海滩剖面达到平衡状态的速率;通过对比补沙工况与未补沙工况的风暴后剖面,分析风暴作用下的防护效果。结果发现,补沙量较大时,沙坝向海侧位置补沙在常浪条件下补沙效率高于滩肩补沙,在风暴条件下防护效果优于滩肩补沙。此次研究对于在实际海滩养护过程中节约施工成本、提高施工效率有着重要意义,同时对于评估沙滩养护工程效果有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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海滨城市核心区的沙质海滩是吸引人们旅游度假的一道靓丽风景线,无论是自然沙质海滩还是人工沙质海滩,演变稳定后均形成岬湾弧形岸线形态。兴建防波拦沙堤可以对沙滩起到良好的护沙固沙作用,其不仅可以作为沙滩的硬质边界线存在,将岸线塑造成适合养滩的岬湾地形;且能遮蔽外海风浪,在人工沙滩近岸区域形成波高流速均稳定的水域。基于海口湾畅通三期工程中的人工沙滩建设项目,综合分析了防波堤的堤线布置,设计出合适的断面形式,通过建立沙滩海域波浪泥沙XBeach数值模型,分析了防波拦沙堤建设后对近岸水域的掩护效果,经研究发现东西两侧防波堤拦沙堤的设置能进一步减小堤前波高与流速,形成适合铺填人工沙滩的稳定水域;结合二维水沙运动特征及一维岸线模型预测防波拦沙堤设计对人工沙滩的演变影响,揭示出在本设计方案下防波拦沙堤对海滩的掩护效果较好,海滩在常浪作用下将处于动态平衡的特征。 相似文献
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沙质海岸在自然状态和修建新工程后存在侵蚀风险时,主要采用近岸补沙和建设生态离岸潜堤的方式进行海滩修复。采用1∶100的正态波浪-潮流-泥沙物理模型模拟的方法对三亚新机场建设后天涯海角附近人工补沙方案的防护效果开展研究,分别针对常海况和台风浪作用工况进行了模拟试验。结果表明:人工补沙的维护周期大致每4.5 a一次,个别部位为每9 a一次;受人工补沙的掩护作用,大风浪作用25 h后沙滩断面基本能维持在原高程,需定期对补沙断面进行监测。研究表明,采用人工补沙既不改变岸滩的自然属性,又能有效减小受侵蚀岸段的冲刷和淤积岸段的淤积,且无明显次生影响,可显著缓解人工岛建设引起的岸滩冲淤影响。 相似文献
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为了解近年南海明珠项目、葫芦岛、秀英港扩建工程等人工填海工程对海口湾冲淤变化的影响,基于FVCOM海洋数值模型,对研究区人工填海前后潮流场、波浪场及冲淤变化进行了数值模拟。人工填海后,综合各条件下的冲淤情况,海口湾受潮流和波浪共同作用大部分区域处于淤积状态,年淤积量预测值为0.1～1.0 m;白沙角等局部区域处于侵蚀状态,年冲刷量预测值为0.1～0.3 m;受海口湾人工填海工程的影响,秀英港航道的水动力条件减弱,对通航条件改善有利,需加强航道的水深监测和定时的清淤工作;在南海明珠人工岛南侧波影区泥沙堆积会形成向海的舌状的突出体,其两侧海岸形成侵蚀后退带,需人工补沙等措施以保证岸线稳定。 相似文献
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Shoreline Change Modeling on Emergency Beach Nourishment Project on West Beach of Beidaihe, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
By use of a shoreline-change numerical model (GENESIS) based on one-line theory, a preliminary modeling study on shoreline changes caused by a beach nourishment project in Beidaihe, China, is presented in this paper. Firstly, the GENESIS model is verified and model sensitivity to the major parameter changes is discussed by simulating a hydraulic model test. The beach nourishment project, after that the shoreline change is kept being monitored, is a small-scale emergency one carried out to use two bathing places on the west beach in the summer, 2008. In this paper the shoreline changes caused by the beach nourishment project are modeled by the GENESIS model, and the computed results fit well with the measured shorelines. With the same model and parameters, a long-term performance of the project is predicted, and the result shows that the bathing places only can be suitable for bathing in 2 to 3 years without subsequence nourishment project. Therefore, it is proposed to nourish the beaches in time to keep the service life of the beach in recent years and carry out the beach nourishment project for the whole west beach as soon as possible. 相似文献
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人工岛建设在缓解滨海人地矛盾的同时带来新的环境问题。本研究聚焦人工岛建设引起的岸滩侵蚀与泥沙分配失衡问题,以海口西海岸为例,建立GENESIS岸线演变模型,探讨人工岛影响下的海滩地貌演化机制,并在此基础上提出“循环养护”的海滩修复对策。主要研究结论为:①海口湾南海明珠人工岛对邻近海滩的影响以“岛后方淤积、两侧侵蚀”为显著特征,且两侧侵蚀热点区的响应幅度存在明显差异。五源河口至新国宾馆岸段侵蚀更为强烈的主导因素为物源匮乏与岸线形态外凸。②通过人工补沙与循环养护相结合的生态修复措施,可实现岸滩泥沙的合理分配与地貌的动态平衡,有效缓解人工岛引起的海岸侵蚀问题。本研究成果可为国内相似类型海岸的岸滩修复提供良好的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Numerical study of shoreline changes by emergency beach nourishment project at the Middle Beach of Beidaihe, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
ZHANG Yu HE Lulu KUANG Cuiping PAN Yi GU Jie YANG Yanxiong ZHANG Jiabo 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):125-133
Beach nourishment is a common coastal management strategy used to protect beach from erosion along the sandy coastlines. This method has been successfully applied to an emergency project at the West Beach of Beidaihe in the summer of 2008 and the full West Beach nourishment project in 2009-2010, which is the direct base of this study. Some basic information about the emergency engineering area at the Middle Beach is firstly described. The shoreline change of this area, including the analysis of beach width in five monitoring profiles in the bathing places of Middle Beach, is then discussed. After that a numerical model based on one-line theory is established and the numerical results agree well with the measured shorelines, which indicates that the model is appropriate and is qualified to predict the shoreline change of the Middle Beach. With the same model and parameters, long-term performance of the project is predicted, and the result shows that without follow-up nourishment and project, the bathing places can remain suitable for bathing for about 10 a. It is suggested to nourish the beach in time and carry out the beach nourishment project for the full Middle Beach in Beidaihe. 相似文献
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Eco-environmental impact assessment of pre-leisure beach nourishment on the benthic invertebrate community at Anping coast 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In recent years,owing to global warming and the rising sea levels,beach nourishment and groin building have been increasingly employed to protect coastal land from shoreline erosion.These actions may degrade beach habitats and reduce biomass and invertebrate density at sites where they were employed.We conducted an eco-environmental evaluation at the Anping artificial beach-nourishment project area.At this site,sand piles within a semi-enclosed spur groin have been enforced by use of eco-engineering concepts since 2003.Four sampling sites were monitored during the study period from July 2002 to September 2008.The environmental impact assessment and biological investigations that we conducted are presented here.The results from this study indicate that both biotic(number of species,number of individual organisms,and Shannon-Wiener diversity) and abiotic parameters(suspended solids,biological oxygen demand,chemical oxygen demand,dissolved inorganic nitrogen,dissolved inorganic phosphorus,total phosphorus,total organic carbon,median diameter,and water content) showed significant differences before and after beach engineering construction.Biological conditions became worse in the beginning stages of the engineering but improved after the restoration work completion.This study reveals that the composition of benthic invertebrates changed over the study period,and two groups of organisms,Bivalvia and Gastropoda,seemed to be particularly suitable to this habitat after the semi-enclosed artificial structures completion. 相似文献
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Numerical models for shoreline evolution have been used for coastal management planning for several decades. The model calibration is a start point to project shoreline scenarios and in this aim the use of data acquired within the scope of monitoring programmes provides the opportunity to assess the models' capabilities under real condition. This work applies calibration data (retrieved from field surveys) to numerical models to predict medium-term shoreline evolution using, as a case study, a beach stretch named AC, about 3.5 km long and located downdrift of a groin on the northwest Portuguese coast. A smaller stretch AB (2.4 km long), included in the total one, which exhibits a pronounced erosive tendency usually better reproduced in shoreline evolution models, was also analysed. Based on topographic surveys, associated wave climate conditions registered between 2003 and 2008 and typical wave conditions registered over a longer wave climate time period, this work compares the calibration of two different shoreline evolution models, Long-term Configuration (LTC) and GENESIS for this period. Then, considering the 2003 topographic conditions for the models' calibration, the results of both models are discussed with respect to simulation scenarios after 10, 15 and 20 years of evolution. The 10-year evolution projections of the models are also compared to the results of a survey performed in February 2012. For the wave data calibration period (2003–2008), the average shoreline retreat of the analysed coastal stretch was reproduced with small differences (around 1% and 10% for LTC and 15% and 14% for GENESIS, considering stretches AB or AC, respectively), though local differences along the AB coastal stretch represent root mean square errors reaching up to 52% and 88% for GENESIS and LTC, respectively, and were above 118% for both models along the AC coastal stretch. 相似文献
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Erosion of the southern Gold Coast beaches (SE Queensland, Australia) was exacerbated after the extension of the Tweed River training walls in the early 1960s. To achieve the objective of restoring and maintaining beach amenity, significant nourishment works have been undertaken in Coolangatta Bay over the past 30 years. Particularly, under the Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypassing Project (TRESBP) since 1995, a number of nourishment campaigns and the implementation of a permanent sand bypass system in 2001 have resulted in significant changes of Coolangatta Bay morphology. The present case study investigates the influence of both wave climate and nourishment works on the area extending from the updrift Snapper Rocks area to downdrift Kirra Beach. SWAN spectral wave model is implemented at Coolangatta Bay area and forced by the global wave model WW3 to estimate wave forcing and the potential natural longshore drift entering in Coolangatta. Specific transects extracted from accurate bathymetric surveys are used to investigate and quantify Coolangatta Bay sedimentation for the period 1987–2005. A network of Argus video stations provides high sample rate information on the shoreline evolution. Results show that, over the past 10 years, Coolangatta Bay has infilled rapidly. Sedimentation reached up to 6 m in some areas between 1995 and 2005, with beach width increasing by 200 m at Kirra Beach. Rapid seaward shoreline migration is consistent with the intense over-pumping of sand relative to the natural potential to move sand alongshore. The nourishment strategy used during this project has successfully delivered large amounts of sand to the southern Gold Coast embayment, although it has been up to now controversial from many community perspectives. The artificial sand bypassing process proved to be much more efficient than depositing the dredged sand in the nearshore area which requires a significant period of low energy condition in order for the deposited sediment to migrate shoreward and weld to the shore. This case study confirms that, when carefully undertaken, sand bypassing is a sustainable and flexible soft engineering approach which can work in concert with natural processes. 相似文献
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Numerical modeling of a beach nourishment project is conducted to enable a detailed evaluation of the processes associated with the effects of nearshore dredge pits on nourishment evolution and formation of erosion hot spots. A process-based numerical model, Delft3D, is used for this purpose. The analysis is based on the modification of existing bathymetry to simulate “what if” scenarios with/without the bathymetric features of interest. Borrow pits dredged about 30 years ago to provide sand for the nourishment project have a significant influence on project performance and formation of erosional hot spots. It was found that the main processes controlling beach response to these offshore bathymetric features were feedbacks between wave forces (roller force or alongshore component of the radiation stress), pressure gradients due to differentials in wave set-up/set-down and bed shear stress. Modeling results also indicated that backfilling of selected borrow sites showed a net positive effect within the beach fill limits and caused a reduction in the magnitude of hot spot erosion. 相似文献
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潜式人工岬头和离岸式人工岬头是两种改良式人工岬头,与传统人工岬头相比,它们对岸滩的保护效果稍弱,但能改善岬湾内的水交换。以北戴河西海滩养滩工程为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法,对潜式岬头和离岸式岬头的护滩效果和改善水交换效果进行研究比较。首先建立岸线演变模型和物质输运模型,对工程后的岸线演变及水交换情况进行模拟。岸线演变的模拟结果表明,潜式岬头和离岸式岬头的护滩效果均较好,但潜式岬头后的岸线形状相比离岸式岬头后更为平滑。同时讨论海滩的侵蚀和淤积特性对潜式岬头和离岸式岬头的影响以及潮汐条件对冲淡时间的影响。与传统岬头相比,潜式岬头和离岸式岬头可以很好地减少岬后冲淡时间以及改善岬湾内水交换,而护滩效果只是稍有减弱。因此,潜式岬头和离岸式岬头都是改善岬湾水交换的有效工程措施。 相似文献
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由于自然因素和人类活动的影响等原因,世界很多海滩经受着侵蚀和破坏。而利用人工养护工程来保护和恢复海滩具有养护效果较明显、干滩面积明显增加以及不破坏环境景观的优点,目前得到越来越多国家的认可。国外由于养滩历史较久,养滩工程后的监测和质量评价不仅开展得早,而且已经成为工程的一个重要部分。评价指标已经比较完善,甚至有些国家已经将养滩效果评价列入法规框架之中。我国的海滩养护工程在十几年前才开始,虽然工程量逐年增长,但是对海滩养护工程施工后的工程监测和工程评价却较少涉及。本文对美国、荷兰、英国、丹麦以及我国等国家的海滩养护工程的工程评价工作进行总结,从而提出适用于我国工程特点的养滩工程质量评价因子和方法。 相似文献