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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
为了充实长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)人工苗种规模化繁育的基础生物学资料,本文研究了不同温度和盐度对长牡蛎壳黑品系幼虫生长和存活的影响。温度实验设置了4个梯度(20、25、29和33℃),研究表明,温度的升高能促进幼虫生长,但同时存活率显著降低;低温条件下幼虫存活率较高但生长缓慢。温度25℃组和29℃组生长和存活均无显著差异(P0.05),综合存活和生长两个指标,壳黑长牡蛎幼虫的最适人工培育温度为25~29℃。盐度实验设置了5个梯度(16、21、26、31、36),研究表明,随着盐度的增加,幼虫的生长速率和存活率均先上升再下降,低盐和高盐条件均不利于幼虫的生长和存活。盐度21组、26组、31组为最适生长和存活盐度,且组间差异不显著(P0.05),综合存活和生长两个指标,壳黑长牡蛎幼虫的最适人工培育盐度为21~31。研究结果表明,在壳黑长牡蛎大规模人工育苗中,水温控制在25~29℃之间,盐度控制在21~31之间较为适宜。 相似文献
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采用单因子分析方法,以小刀蛏为材料,研究了不同盐度、温度、底质及饵料对小刀蛏稚贝生长和存活的影响。实验结果表明:小刀蛏稚贝具有较强的盐度耐受性,可以在较大的盐度变动范围内生长和存活;小刀蛏稚贝生长和存活的适宜盐度范围为15~35,最适盐度范围为20~25;适宜的温度范围为16~28℃,最适的温度范围为24~28℃;随着盐度和温度的增加,小刀蛏稚贝的生长率和存活率均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。底质是小刀蛏生长和存活的必要环境条件,且小刀蛏对底质环境具有明显的选择性,稚贝以海泥底质最佳,实验条件下海泥底质组生长率和存活率显著高于半泥半砂底质和细粉砂底质。不同饵料对稚贝的培育效果不同,角毛藻和金藻的投喂效果最好,稚贝生长率和存活率最高,其次为扁藻组,小球藻组最差。研究结果可为小刀蛏人工培育技术的优化提供参考依据。 相似文献
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采用温度和盐度单一和组合因子设计实验方法，系统地研究了温度、盐度对栉孔扇贝胚胎和幼虫的影响。结果表明，栉孔扇贝胚胎发育适宜温度为16．0—22．0℃，盐度为27．5—32．5；最佳温度为18．0～22．0℃，盐度为30．0—32．5；幼虫培育适宜温度为16．0—26．0℃，盐度为27．0—39．0；最佳温度为19．0—22．0℃，盐度为27．0—32．0。相对而言，栉孔扇贝胚胎和幼虫对低温高盐适应能力较强，温度显著影响胚胎孵化和幼虫发育，盐度显著影响幼虫生长；二者组合影响对胚胎孵化不显著：随着幼虫的发育。组合影响对幼虫存活十分显著；对幼虫生长不显著。 相似文献
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2004年3~4月,采用室内试验初步研究了水温、盐度、pH值等几种环境因子对成体小荚蛏存活的影响,并测定了小荚蛏的耗氧率和最低耐氧能力,以探讨适合小荚蛏生活的环境条件,为小荚蛏的增养殖及其自然资源的保护提供理论基础。试验结果表明,小荚蛏为一种广温、广盐性、适合于泥底质生活的埋栖型贝类。在水温为0~25℃范围内,小荚蛏能较好地存活,其中在水温为10~25℃时小荚蛏生活状况良好。小荚蛏的适盐范围为10~40,15~30是小荚蛏比较适宜的盐度范围。小荚蛏对pH值的适应范围较广,在pH值为4~9范围内,存活率较高。成体小荚蛏对水体中的氨氮有较高的忍受能力,在水体中pH值为8.0、总氨氮质量浓度达20 mg/L时,72 h后其存活率仍可达70%。总氨氮对成体小荚蛏72 h的半致死质量浓度(LC50)为32.50 mg/L,此时非离子氨的质量浓度为4.27 mg/L。小荚蛏的白天平均耗氧率为(0.663 6±0.102 3)mg/(g.h),黑夜平均耗氧率为(0.660 8±0.033 7)mg/(g.h),窒息点溶氧的质量浓度为0.52 mg/L。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(4)
室内条件下,通过单因素实验设计方法,研究了温度(18、22、26、30、34℃)和盐度(15、20、25、30、35)对栉江珧(Atrina pectinata)受精卵孵化及早期幼虫生长与存活的影响。研究表明:栉江珧受精卵的适宜孵化温度为22~30℃,最适温度为26℃(孵化率为73%);适宜孵化盐度为25~30,最适盐度为30(孵化率为70%)。栉江珧早期幼虫生长的适宜温度为22~30℃,最适温度为26℃(壳长日生长率为4.7μm/d,存活率为50%(7d));适宜盐度为20~30,最适盐度为25(壳长日生长率为4.5μm/d,存活率为55%(7d))。研究结果表明:栉江珧受精卵孵化的适宜温、盐条件为温度22~30℃,盐度25~30;早期幼虫生长发育的适宜温、盐条件为温度22~30℃,盐度20~30。本研究为栉江珧人工育苗提供了重要的基础资料。 相似文献
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本文研究了小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)室内人工育苗技术。在繁殖季节选择壳长7.5 cm亲贝,采用铺泥沙蓄养培育,以阴干+维生素浸泡刺激法获得精、卵,幼虫培育中人工控制幼虫密度,D形幼虫到壳顶幼虫前期为5～6个/mL,壳顶幼虫后期为1～2个/mL。进行了不同运输方式和不同底质亲贝蓄养比较试验、不同底质附着基采苗方法试验以及稚贝无底质上升流培育和不同盐度培育试验。研究表明,采用铺细沙加冰的运输方法亲贝成活率最高,干露9 h成活率可达90%;以纯海泥底质蓄养的亲贝肥满度和成活率最高;无底质采苗和铺泥采苗对幼虫变态率的影响没有差异;无底质采苗的稚贝,其生长速度明显慢于铺泥采苗;小刀蛏稚贝不宜用上升流进行培育,宜采用铺泥培育的方法;盐度为15时,稚贝培养效果最好,生长速度快、成活率高,盐度为35时培养效果最差。采用上述技术,成功培育出3 mm以上的商品苗2 000万粒,育苗效果显著。 相似文献
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为了探索褐毛鲿(Megalonibea fusca)胚胎孵化和早期仔鱼生长发育最适宜的盐度条件,作者观察了其胚胎在6个盐度(35、30、25、20、15、10)海水中沉浮性、发育、初孵仔鱼分布状态.结果表明:胚胎在盐度35时完全上浮,盐度低于25完全下沉,在盐度30时处于半悬浮状态;不同盐度对胚胎发育有一定影响:在盐度30~15范围内,胚胎发育较快,孵化时间较为一致,在盐度35和10发育变慢,孵化时间延长2.5 h以上;初孵仔鱼在不同盐度海水中呈不同分布状态:在盐度35时完全上浮表层,盐度25~30分布于中下层至中上层,盐度25大部分仔鱼沉底,盐度低于20,初孵仔鱼全部沉底.观察了10个盐度(35、32、29、26、23、20、17、14、11、8)海水中胚胎孵化率和早期仔鱼存活率,结果表明:褐毛鲿胚胎在盐度35~8范围内孵化率达(76±2)%~(98±2)%,在较低盐度26~11区间,孵化率达(88±0)%~(98±2)%,显示低盐区更高的孵化率,而在较高盐度29~35区间,孵化率在(82±2)%~(84±2)%,并且具有明显趋向性,即盐度大于29,随盐度升高孵化率逐渐下降;盐度对早期仔鱼存活率有明显影响:孵化后40 h 正常仔鱼最高存活率在低盐度26~8区,为(89.4±2.2)%~(97.4±0.1)%,盐度大于29,随着盐度上升仔鱼死亡率骤然升高,在盐度29~35,升至(31.7±0.7)%~(38.1±1.5)%,畸形率升至(7.1±0.2)%~(10.7±0.5)%,正常仔鱼存活率下降至(61.0±1.0)%~(61.9±1.5)%.低盐度区仔鱼有更高的存活率.褐毛鲿胚胎最适孵化盐度在29~32,早期仔鱼最适培育盐度为26. 相似文献
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长竹蛏人工育苗技术的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文对长竹蛏繁殖习性、胚胎发育和人工育苗技术关键进行研究．结果表明亲贝经暂养可促进性成熟；幼虫对温、盐度的适应较广；变态附着采用缩光培育,未经缩光的附着时间延长,存活率降低;幼虫长至约240μm变态附着,附着量在(0.6～10)×106个/m 相似文献
9.
为探究牡蛎"华南1号"早期发育的盐度适应性,本研究以目前北部湾海域的香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)养殖群体为对照组,在水温28～29℃、pH为8.1～8.2条件下,分析了不同盐度(3、8、13、15、18、23、28、33)对牡蛎"华南1号"的胚胎、幼虫发育和稚贝生长的影响。研究显示,不同盐度下牡蛎"华南1号"的受精率和孵化率均高于对照组,差异显著(P0.05),且牡蛎"华南1号"的适宜受精盐度为13～23,对照组的适宜受精盐度为13～18。相同盐度条件下,牡蛎"华南1号"与对照组浮游幼虫期的壳高生长指标差异显著(P0.05),牡蛎"华南1号"不同盐度组间差异显著(P0.05)。不同盐度条件下,牡蛎"华南1号"在幼虫发育阶段和早期稚贝的生长速率和存活率均随着盐度的增加"先升后降",且不同盐度组间差异显著(P0.05),高盐33和低盐3条件下幼虫生长缓慢且存活率较低,牡蛎"华南1号"幼虫的附着率和存活率在盐度13～23时较高。研究结果表明,牡蛎"华南1号"在浮游幼虫和早期稚贝阶段生长速度快于对照组群体(P0.05),且浮游幼虫和稚贝生长的适宜盐度为8～28,最适盐度为13～23;对照组幼虫和稚贝生长的适宜盐度为8～23,最适盐度为13～18。与对照组群体相比,牡蛎"华南1号"适宜盐度较对照组由18提高到23,盐度适应范围广,且具有明显的生长优势。 相似文献
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为确定长牡蛎新品种"海大1号"苗种繁育的最适环境条件,研究了盐度对其胚胎发育的影响以及盐度、水温对其幼虫生长、存活率和附着率的影响。结果表明:长牡蛎"海大1号"受精卵孵化的最适盐度为30~35,孵化率最高可达90%。幼虫生长的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为20~30;存活的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为20~25;幼虫附着的适宜盐度为20~35,最适盐度为25~30;对长牡蛎"海大1号"幼虫生长、存活、附着的适宜水温分别为为20~30℃、20~25℃、20~30℃,最适水温分别为30、25、30℃,高温35℃时幼虫全部死亡。综上,长牡蛎"海大1号"苗种培育的适宜盐度为20~35,适宜水温为20~25℃。上述结果为长牡蛎"海大1号"规模化苗种繁育提供了重要的基础资料。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
14.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献