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1.
贝类四倍体育种研究进展   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
综述了国内外贝类四倍体育种的研究现状和最新进展。四倍体诱导的方法主要有抑制第1极体或同时抑制2个极体的释放、抑制第1次卵裂、细胞融合、人工雌核发育和利用三倍体诱导四倍体,其中利用三倍体获得四倍体是迄今报道的获得具存活力的四倍体的唯一成功方法。四倍体育种中染色体组操作的结果除了产生整倍体外,还产生大量的非整倍体。四倍体贝类存活力较低,但具有较高的繁殖力,能产生较大的生殖细胞,并能与二倍体杂交产生100%的三倍体。  相似文献   

2.
药物诱导虾夷扇贝四倍体的初步研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
1992-2000年采用细胞松驰素B(CB)、秋水仙素、6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)以及咖啡因等药物抑制虾夷扇贝第一极体(PB1)释放、PB1和第二极体(PB2)释放以及抑制第一次卵裂等方法,诱导虾夷扇贝四倍体。结果表明,CB、6-MDAP和秋水仙素抑制扇贝第一次卵裂秀发四倍体的比例低于25%;采用CB抑制PB1可有效地诱导产生四倍体,从授精后42min提前到15-22min开始处理,抑制PB1的放出有助于提高四倍体的比例,在12℃,处理开始和终止时间分别在授精后20-22min t 62-67min时(即PB2始出现时),面盘幼虫四倍体率最高,为56.5%。采用CB和咖啡因共同抑制PB1放出,未见四倍体比例有升高现象。四倍体处理组发育至面盘幼虫时间比对照组晚48h左右,处理组在受精后10d时水中仍有少量浮游的、染色体数目在21-28条之间的非整倍体畸形担轮幼虫。  相似文献   

3.
用细胞松驰素B(CB)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和静水压抑合浦珠母贝Pinctadamarlensii(D.)制第1次卵裂以及CB抑制极体形成诱导四倍体。CB抑制第1次卵裂在早期胚胎2-4细胞阶段发现四倍体,但8细胞阶段以后四倍体胚胎消失。PEG和PEG+CB能诱导细胞融合产生四倍体,但处理组幼虫在担轮期死亡。CB抑制极体形成能诱导出较高比例的四倍体,在胚胎初期和担轮幼虫期分别占40%和30%以上。处理组幼虫进行培育,附苗后当贝苗长成4-5cm大小时通过鳃细胞染色体倍性检查,却没有发现四倍体。文中对四倍体是否能成活进行了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
在滤过海水中以4×10(-4)mol·L(-1)6-甲氨基C嘌呤(6-DMAP)处理贻贝Mytilusedulis受精卵或胚胎,受精激活后50或120min处理20—30min,分别抑制第一或第二次有丝分裂,以诱导四倍体胚胎。顶荧光显微观察表明,6-DMAP有效地抑制了第一和第二次卵裂。它使细胞核染色质分散,抑制了原核的移动和染色体的分离,并防碍卵裂沟和极叶的形成,从而诱导出四倍体胚胎。对第一次卵裂的抑制产生82.8%的四倍体胚胎;第二次卵裂抑制产生58.6%的四倍体胚胎。由于6-DMAP如此有效,而且价格便宜以及对人体无害,与沿用的化学诱导剂细胞松弛素C.B.相比,它应该可以成为双壳类软体动物染色体操作研究的理想化学诱导剂之一。  相似文献   

5.
合浦珠母贝人工诱导四倍体的研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
姜卫国  林岳光 《热带海洋》1998,17(2):45-51,T001
用细胞松驰素B(CB)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和静水压抑合浦珠母贝Pinctada martensii(D.)制第1次卵裂以及CB抑制极体形成诱导四倍体。CB抑制第1次卵裂在早期胚胎2-4细胞阶段发现四倍体,但8细胞阶段以后四倍体胚胎消失。PEG和PEG+CB能诱导细胞融合产生四倍体,但处理组幼虫在担轮期死亡。CB抑制极体形成能诱导出较高比例的四倍体,在胚胎初期和担轮幼虫期分别占40%和30%以上。处  相似文献   

6.
利用细胞松驰素B抑制栉孔扇贝Chlamys(Azumapecten)farreri受精卵的第一极体的放出和第一次有丝分裂获得四倍体。在20℃条件下,卵子受精后10min,0.5μg/ml的CB持续处理10min、20min抑制第一极体排出,结果三倍体率和四倍体率分别为38.38%、39.75%和28.42%、30.24%;在20℃条件下,卵子受精后1h,0.5μg/ml的CB持续处理10、15、20、25min抑制第一次有丝分裂,结果四倍体率分别为21.36%、27.57%、28.41%、29.35%。结合处理后幼虫的D形率,在抑制第一极体放出和第一次卵裂中,CB处理持续10min均为最好  相似文献   

7.
1996~1997年,在进行6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)诱导太平洋牡蛎产生三倍体的实验过程中,发现一定数量的四倍体。解剖法获取精卵,人工授精。染色体倍性鉴别采用染色体计数法。(1)三因素四水平L16(45)正交设计。试验平行重复2次。最高四倍体诱导率为40.0±0.0%。太平洋牡蛎四倍体各诱导因素的最优水平组合:当精卵混合20min时,将受精卵浸泡在含6-DMAP450μmolL-1的海水中10min;决定四倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序:6-DMAP浓度→诱导时机→诱导持续时间。(2)三因素三水平L9(34)正交设计。试验平行重复3次。最高四倍体诱导率为9.6±4.9%。诱导太平洋牡蛎四倍体各因素的最优水平组合:当50%受精卵出现第一极体时,将受精卵浸泡在含6-DMAP450μmolL-1的海水中15min;决定四倍体产生的三因素的主次顺序:诱导时机→6-DMAP浓度→诱导持续时间。  相似文献   

8.
人工诱导合浦珠母贝多倍体的发生   总被引:18,自引:8,他引:18  
用细胞松弛素B(C.B)(浓度1.2—1.5mg/L)和低温(12.0℃)处理诱导合浦珠母贝Pinctada martensii(D.)产生多倍体。抑制第一极体的三倍体诱导率达到40%左右;而抑制第二极体的三倍体诱导率分别为77%和52%。随着C.B处理时间的延长,则出现一定数量的五倍体。亚致死温度是低温诱导多倍体的合适温度。随着处理温度的降低和时间的延长,孵化率急剧下降,且非整倍体数量增加。结果提示,C.B处理和低温处理诱导多倍体的机制有所不同;后者不仅抑制极体排放和细胞分裂,而且影响染色体复制和分离。 抑制第一极体的C.B处理组的幼虫日增长率和幼贝大小均显著超过对照组。  相似文献   

9.
合浦珠母贝Pinctadamartensii (Dunker)三倍体的卵与二倍体的精子授精 ,以细胞松弛素B(CB)抑制第一极体释放诱导四倍体 ,得到胚胎期非整倍体占 (88.1 8± 6 .79) % ,1龄贝中非整倍体约占 2 8.70 %。成贝非整倍体染色体数目有 2 9,3 0 ,40 ,41 ,43条 5种类型。非整倍体作为一个群体其壳长和体重与二倍体无明显差异 (p >0 .1 0 ) ,但与三倍体有显著差异 (p<0 .0 1 ) ;二倍性水平的非整倍体的壳长和体重明显小于二倍体 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,而三倍性水平的非整倍体与二倍体无明显差异 (p >0 .1 0 )。研究结果表明 ,合浦珠母贝能耐受约单倍体染色体数目 7%— 1 4%的增加或减少 ,且表明合浦珠母贝非整倍体在一定条件下是可以存活的。  相似文献   

10.
分别用细胞松弛素B(CB,浓度0.5mg·L(-1))和低温(10℃)处理诱导华贵栉孔扇贝Chlamysnobilis产生三倍体。抑制第一极体的三倍体诱导率分别达到44.1%和31.8%;而抑制第二极体的三倍体诱导率分别为90.2%和72.7%(胚胎初期检查)。CB处理组幼虫的日增长率显著超过二倍体(p<0.01)。养殖半年后,三倍体在壳高、壳长、壳宽和体重方面均显著大于二倍体(p<0.01);而养殖13个月后,三倍体的肉重和闭壳肌重分别比二倍体增加39.5%和67.4%。在繁殖期,三倍体在外观上没有生殖腺。  相似文献   

11.
This paper analyses the global tendency of the sea level rise (SLR) and its long term influence on the sea level upstream drainage cascade based on the example of the level’s variation in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea compared to the other lagoons and coastal regions of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. A steady positive trend in the water level variations was revealed; its magnitude varies significantly depending on the time period. In general, during the 100–150 year period, the rate of the SLR in the lagoons and coastal areas of the Baltic Sea (1.7–1.8 mm per year) is close to the SLR rate in the World Ocean. In the second half of the 20th century, the increased rate of the SLR in the lagoons and marine areas became stronger (up to 3.6 mm per year in the Vistula Lagoon and in 1959–2006 in the sea and exceeded the rate of global ocean SLR). It dramatically increased at the end of the last century both in the lagoons and in the sea (up to 10.0–15.0 mm per year). This is the response not only to the global climate warming but it is likely that it is also a response to the changes of the climate driving forces that influence the regimes of the local wind and precipitation in the catchment.  相似文献   

12.
1Introduction Besidestheprecipitationandriverdischarges,the watersinthePacificOceanandtheAtlanticOceanare thesourcesoftheArcticOceanwater.TheAtlantic waterenterstheArcticOceanviatheFramStraitand theBarentsSea.Foritsdenserfeatureduetohigh salinity,mostofitsinkstothenorthofSvaldbardand circulatesinallthedeepbasinsintheArcticOcean, formingthedeepandbottomwatersoftheArcticO- cean(Aagaardetal.,1985;Rudelsetal.,1999).The BeringStraitistheonlychannelforthePacificwater toflowintotheArcticOce…  相似文献   

13.
1 IntroductionTheBeringStrait, with them aximum depth lessthan 60 m , isthe uniquepassagebetween the ArcticOcean and the North Pacific Ocean, and links twoshelfseas:theBeringSeainthesouthandtheChukchiSea in the north. The background flow field oftheBering…  相似文献   

14.
近30年来莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于莱州湾滨海湿地特征以及野外实地观测数据,利用landsat遥感影像手段,揭示1990-2018年莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征,并结合景观指数分析莱州湾滨海湿地异质性。结果表明,1990-2018年间,莱州湾滨海湿地呈现人工滨海湿地面积增加而天然滨海湿地面积减少的趋势。截至2018年莱州湾滨海湿地面积总计1954 km2,其中天然滨海湿地面积约811 km2,人工滨海湿地面积约1143 km2,分别占42%和58%,滨海湿地向建设用地转化的趋势明显。斑块数量(NP)、景观形状指数(LSI)等景观指数值逐年增加,表明莱州湾景观格局变化明显且破碎化程度加重。莱州湾滨海湿地不同岸段之间景观格局变化的驱动机制不完全一样,造成其破碎化程度加重的自然驱动力有河口冲淤、降水量变化等;人工驱动力主要为城市建设、港口码头、集约用海区建设、养殖业和制盐业的开发利用等。以期对莱州湾滨海湿地生态系统退化原因、合理利用和优化土地空间布局、采取有效措施保护及恢复滨海湿地提供一定的技术支持。  相似文献   

15.
1 古新-下渐新统含油气层系 古新-始新统母岩形成于滨海和湖泊沉积环境中,并在大量冲积源的参与之下,促进了含分散有机质混合类型砂-黏土质陆源岩层的堆积。在中国东北诸盆地中,含工业油气的白垩-早第三纪建造形成于开阔的浅水和深水湖泊环境中。与中国的盆地类似,在下第三系下部  相似文献   

16.
A. A. Maximov 《Oceanology》2006,46(2):185-191
The data on the bottom concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland obtained in 1923–1939 and in 1962–1989 were analyzed. No statistically reliable differences were found between the two periods studied. It was found that, during the 20th century, the fluctuations in the oxygen concentration were caused by the interannual variability of the winter severity and water salinity. A strong oxygen deficit in the summer was recorded after cold winters, when early freezing suppressed the vertical mixing, and/or in the years of a significant inflow of salt waters from the Baltic Sea with low oxygen contents. It is likely that the long-term dynamics of the oxygen concentration near the bottom in the open parts of the bay is determined by the large-scale variability of the hydrometeorological parameters.  相似文献   

17.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The Great Andaman–Sumatra earthquake (GASE) on December 26, 2004, with magnitude Mw of 9.2, occurred in the Indian Ocean near the northwestern...  相似文献   

18.
Data on the contents and compositions of the hydrocarbons (HCs)—aliphatic (AHCs) and polycyclic aromatic (PAHs)—are provided in comparison with the contents of the total organic carbon (Corg), the lipids in the particulates, and the Corg in bottom sediments. Particular attention has been paid to the distribution of the HCs in the water area of the Kravtsov oil field. It has been established that the concentrations of AHCs in the water are governed by the content of particulates, and the elevated AHC concentrations are confined to the coastal areas. In the water area of platform D-6, the sandy bottom sediments were notable for the great variability of the HC concentrations, both laterally and from year to year. In the summer of 2010, the content of AHCs averaged 40 μg/g (19% in the Corg), and that of PAHs, 23 ng/g. Natural seepage from the sediment mass is considered to be a source of HCs along with oil contamination.  相似文献   

19.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

20.
本文基于南大洋环流研究最新资料,从资料来源、动力模式以及有待解决的问题几个方面较详细地阐述南大洋环流动力学研究动态。  相似文献   

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