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1.
实验室条件下,研究不同抗生素胁迫对小球藻(Chlorella vulgarisBeij.)、金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana Parke8701.)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriumEhr.)生长的影响。结果表明:1)低于100μg.mL-1的氯霉素作用下,小球藻和金藻8701叶绿素a含量变化与对照组无明显差异;小新月菱形藻叶绿素a含量显著降低。2)不同浓度梯度的遗传霉素(G418),均显著抑制3种微藻叶绿素a含量的增加。3)青霉素浓度低于100μg.mL-1时,能够促进3种藻叶绿素a的增加,但不同微藻间叶绿素a含量的相对增长率存在明显差异。试验结果可为微藻的基因工程选择标记和无菌培养体系的建立提供参考。 相似文献
2.
Cd2+胁迫对6株微藻生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同浓度的Cd2+胁迫不同时间(24h、48h、72h和96h)后,6株微藻(绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis、等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系Tahitian Isochrysis galbana、小球藻Chlorella sp.、微绿球藻Nannochloris oculata、雨生红球藻Haematococus pluvialis和塔胞藻Pyramidomonas sp.)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的变化情况.测定的主要参数有:PSII的最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII的实际光能转化效率(Yield)、相对光合电子传递效率(rETR)、细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量.研究结果表明,Cd2+胁迫下6株微藻的荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield、rETR、细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量均与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关,均随着Cd2+浓度的增加而降低.胁迫时间对各荧光参数也有显著影响.随着胁迫时间的延长,绿色巴夫藻的Fv/Fm、Yield和rETR逐渐下降,Fv/Fo先下降后上升,至72h时又有所下降;等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系和微绿球藻的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、Yield和rETR随着胁迫时间的延长均逐渐下降;小球藻和雨生红球藻的上述荧光参数先下降,之后分别在48h和72h时逐渐上升;塔胞藻的上述荧光参数则先上升后下降.在Cd2+胁迫下,6株微藻细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量也显著降低,随着胁迫时间的延长,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量下降的幅度也逐步增大.相关分析结果表明,6株微藻的叶绿素相对含量与细胞密度均呈极显著的正相关关系.通过细胞密度计算出来的Cd2+对6株微藻96h的半抑制浓度(96h-EC50)分别为绿色巴夫藻(151.538μmol/L),等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系(14.161μmol/L),小球藻(17.150μmol/L),微绿球藻(3.498μmol/L),雨生红球藻(15.205μmol/L),塔胞藻(19.722μmol/L),因此6株微藻对Cd2+的耐受性大小顺序为:绿色巴夫藻>塔胞藻>小球藻>雨生红球藻>等鞭金藻塔溪堤品系>微绿球藻. 相似文献
3.
Isochrysis sp.strain HG是一株分离自福建长乐自然海区的金藻,是一种良好的西施舌育苗饵料藻。显微形态观察表明,Isochrysis sp.strain HG的形态特性与等鞭金藻属的球等鞭金藻(I.galbana)和湛江等鞭金藻(I.zhanjiangensis)比较接近。进一步克隆Isochrysis sp.strain HG的核糖体小亚基(small subunit,SSU)18S rRNA基因,获得了长度为1780bp的基因序列。同源性分析表明,该序列与在NCBI数据库中登录的等鞭金藻属的18S rRNA基因序列同源性最高,说明结果与形态鉴定的结果相一致。基于18S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明,Isochrysis sp.strain HG与等鞭金藻属的I.zhangjiangensis、Isochrysis sp.strain CCAP927/14、I.galbana和Isochrysis sp.strain Santou聚在一个分支类群上,其中I.zhangjiangensis与Isochrysis sp.strain CCAP927/14聚为一个独立的子类群,和I.galbana、Isochrysis sp.strain Santou以及目标菌株Isochrysis sp.strain HG形成4个并列独立的分支。根据形态及分子系统分析结果,Isochrysis sp.strain HG可能是不同于I.zhangjiangensis、I.galbana的等鞭金藻种类。 相似文献
4.
对虾养殖塘浮游植物的动态变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2006年7月6日~2006年9月5日,对上虞地区南美白对虾养殖塘水体的浮游微藻群落结构进行调查分析。结果表明:养殖塘中共检出常见浮游微藻4门25属30种,其中蓝藻8种,绿藻18种,硅藻3种,裸藻1种。绿藻门藻种类最多,占藻类种类的60.0%,其次是蓝藻门藻占26.7%,硅藻门藻占10.0%,裸藻门藻占3.3%。主要蓝藻有项圈藻(Anabaenopsis sp)、色球藻(Chroococcus sp)、平裂藻(Merismopedia sp)、微囊藻(Microcystis sp)、小席藻(Phorimidium sp)、螺旋藻(Spirulina sp);常见绿藻有小球藻(Chlorella sp)、空星藻(Coelastrumsp)、卵囊藻(Oocys-tis sp)、盘星藻(Pediastrum sp)等;常见硅藻有舟形藻(Navicula sp)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)。养殖早期浮游微藻细胞数量为5.8×107/L,香浓多样性指数平均为1.2005。养殖后期浮游微藻细胞数量为2.5×107/L,香浓多样性指数平均为1.4939。浮游藻类多样性指数总体表现为养殖前期低后期高的特征。 相似文献
5.
光照强度对海洋微藻脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来，海洋微藻脂肪酸组成的研究及其应用越来越受到国内外科学家的重视。高度不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)，特别是长链的n-3 PUFA，如二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对海洋动物和人类都具有营养学和医学上的价值。在海洋微藻的培养过程中，光照强度是海洋微藻生长的条件之一，光线的明与暗，光度的强与弱，不仅对微藻的生长速率、产量有影响，而且对其脂肪含量和脂肪酸的组成也有影响(Teshima et al.，1983；Thompson et al.，1990； Renaud et al., 1991)。
作者在以往研究的基础上，选择了3种有代表性的海洋微藻：(1)小球藻Chlorella sp-2(李荷芳等，1999)，此藻脂肪酸中EPA含量高、且不含DHA；(2)球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)，该藻DHA含量较高，但几乎不含EPA；(3)前沟藻(Amphidinium sp.)的EPA、DHA含量均高。将以上3种微藻作为原料，在不同的光照强度下进行培养，测定并分析藻体中的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成的变化，从而了解光强对海洋微藻脂肪含量及其脂肪酸组成的影响。 相似文献
6.
不同适温海洋富油微藻在富碳培养条件下的油脂积累特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本实验分别针对3株低温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.ZL-12、四爿藻Tetraselmis chui ZL-33和小球藻Chlorellasp.ZL-45,3株中温藻株:球等鞭金藻Isochrysis galbana CCMM5001、等鞭金藻Isochrysis sp.CCMM5002和微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001,3株高温藻株:微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.JN1、绿色巴夫藻Pavlova viridis JN2和海洋小球藻Chlorellasp.JN3,研究了在通入0.03%(空气)、5%、10%3个CO2浓度梯度条件下的生长特性,同时考察了其总酯及中性脂的累积情况。结果显示,富碳培养有利于不同温度条件下9株藻株的生长,除微拟球藻Nannochloropsis sp.CCMM7001最适生长的CO2浓度为5%外,其余8株藻株最适生长的CO2浓度均为10%。在低温和高温条件下,6株海洋富油微藻在通入10%CO2时具有最大生物量产率,在中温条件下球等鞭金藻和等鞭金藻在通入10%CO2时获得最大生物量产率,而微拟球藻在通入5%时获得最大生物量产率,随着CO2浓度的增加,9株藻株的总脂含量和中性脂含量有明显提高。低温和中温藻株的总脂含量高于高温藻株的总脂含量,从中性脂的累积规律来看,9株藻株均在平台期的累积达到最大值,GC-MS分析结果表明,9株微藻适合制备生物柴油的C14~C18系脂肪酸相对含量在不同CO2条件下基本保持不变,维持在90%左右。实验结果显示,所研究的藻株作为富油高固碳优良藻株,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO2减排开发的潜力。 相似文献
7.
几种微藻对珠母贝面盘幼虫生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同浓度的湛江等鞭金藻（Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Hu ＆Liu）、亚心形扁藻[Platymonas subcordiformis（Wille）Hazen]、小球藻（Chlorella sp.）以及这3种微藻以一定的比例混合后（简称混合藻）对珠母贝面盘幼虫生长和存活的影响.结果表明：幼虫对3种微藻都能摄食,但4种饵料相比,以湛江等鞭金藻和混合藻的饵料效果为好,亚心形扁藻在面盘幼虫发育到93μm时可以投喂,小球藻饵料效果较差,不宜单独作为面盘幼虫的饵料;湛江等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻和混合藻的浓度对面盘幼虫生长和存活都有显著影响,小球藻对其没有显著的影响.湛江等鞭金藻和混合藻适宜的投喂浓度分别为1 000-1 500个/cm^3和1 500-2 000个/cm^3,在适宜浓度下,湛江等鞭金藻组面盘幼虫最大生长速度、存活率和壳初率以及幼虫进入壳初的时间分别为5.663μm/d、69.34%、63.68%、6d,混合藻组为6.28μm/d、69.46%、54.49%、5-6 d. 相似文献
8.
海洋微藻的无菌化处理及对其生长特性和生化组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常用抗生素(氨苄青霉素、链霉素、氯霉素和卡那霉素)对4株海洋微藻(1株金藻和3株小球藻)进行了无菌化处理,并对这4株微藻在带菌和无菌培养时的生长特征和生化组成进行了比较。结果表明:中高浓度(≥100 mg/dm3)的单种抗生素或抗生素组合可抑制微藻的生长,个别低浓度(50 mg/dm3)的抗生素或抗生素组合可促进微藻的生长;氨苄青霉素、链霉素和卡那霉素各200 mg/dm3联合使用处理球等鞭金藻,氯霉素100, 50, 50 mg/dm3单独使用分别处理小球藻C95, CV和C146,可获得这4株微藻的无菌藻系;无菌培养的4株海洋微藻的稳定期持续时间由除菌前的4~5 d延长到15~20 d,藻液悬浮性增强,藻细胞不易老化;除菌后微藻的主要生化成分发生明显变化,球等鞭金藻的叶绿素A、叶黄素和总脂含量显著增加,小球藻C95和CV的总蛋白含量显著增加,3株小球藻的脂肪酸组成如EPA, PUFA等的含量发生显著变化。 相似文献
9.
利用错流超滤技术提取天然胶体,研究了胶体的有机碳浓度、粒径和来源对海水小球藻(Chlorellaspp.)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysisgalbana)生长的影响。结果表明,当粒径为10kDa—0.2μm、胶体有机碳浓度为4.8—238.4μmol/L时,胶体使小球藻、扁藻和金藻的生长率分别提高了4.0%—7.0%、19.1%—28.9%和2.9%—8.7%。海水小球藻生长率的相对增长百分数(Y)值与胶体有机碳浓度(CCOC)呈线性正相关;亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻的Y与CCOC呈多项式相关;胶体对扁藻生长的刺激作用大于球等鞭金藻和海水小球藻。粒径为10kDa—0.2μm的胶体对3种藻的促进作用大于1—10kDa的胶体。河口、河流和生源胶体使小球藻的生长率提高1.5%—14.1%,不同来源的3种胶体对海水小球藻的促进作用依序是河流胶体>生源胶体>河口胶体。以上结果表明,天然胶体含有微藻生长所必需的营养元素,对微藻的生长有显著的刺激作用。 相似文献
10.
单细胞绿藻的77K荧光特异性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实验测定了10种单细胞绿藻包括5种淡水藻:雪衣藻(Chlamydomonas nivalis UTEX2765)、椭圆小球藻(Chlorella ellipsoidea CH)、绿球藻(Chloroccum tatrense UTEX2227)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、雨生红球藻(Haematococcus sp.CSIRO:CS-321)和5种海水藻:杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)、四爿藻(Tetraselmis sp.)、蒜头藻(Monodus subterraneus)、小新月藻(Closterium venus)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的77k荧光光谱,并与大型海洋绿藻以及高等植物菠菜进行了比较。结果表明,10种单细胞绿藻都缺少作为高等植物PSⅠ主要表征的730nm长波荧光峰。按荧光主峰的波长,可以分为2种类型:雪衣藻、绿球藻、杜氏盐藻、四爿藻、蒜头藻、小新月藻、亚心形扁藻的荧光主峰位于684nm,椭圆小球藻、斜生栅藻、雨生红球藻的荧光主峰位于714nm。这个结果与海洋管藻目绿藻和某些大型海洋绿藻的荧光特性一致。另外,绿藻PSⅠ缺少730nm长波荧光峰具有普遍性,预示这些藻类在PSⅠ结构以及能量传递等方面与高等植物有很大的差异。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献