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南黄海崂山隆起中-古生界海相碳酸盐岩沉积层是重要的油气勘探目的层,但因工区水深较浅,新生界陆相地层与中生界海相地层之间存在强波阻抗界面,中-古生界碳酸盐岩地层结构较为均匀、速度和密度梯度较小、厚度较大等原因,造成中-古生界地震有效反射波存在能量弱、信噪比低等问题。针对如何增强中-古生界有效反射波能量、提高其信噪比展开采集参数设计。在大量设计方案的基础上,优选出2组强能量、富低频的容量为6390in3的平面组合和立体组合气枪震源;设计接收缆长度7200m,优选接收缆沉放深度16m和20m。对气枪震源和接收缆沉放深度组成的4组试验方案进行外业采集并分析,确定低频能量更强的6390in3平面震源沉放10m、接收缆沉放16m作为地震采集方案,并在空间采样间隔和工区施工环境分析等基础上提出了适合现阶段南黄海崂山隆起中-古生界地震勘探的单源6缆采集方式和采集参数,形成了高覆盖、富低频、强能量地震采集技术。与以往地震资料进行了对比,本次采集的地震资料中-古生界地层反射能量更强,信噪比更高,整体提高了中-古生界地震资料的品质,为后续南黄海地震勘探积累了经验,为下一步井位论证等工作奠定了扎实的基础。 相似文献
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南黄海崂山隆起存在新近系底界T2强反射界面,中深部发育多套碳酸盐岩高速层,并经历长期的压实作用及复杂的构造运动,波阻抗差异变小,构造特征更为复杂,使得地震波场复杂,深层有效的地震反射信号较弱,信噪比较低,成像质量较差。为了改善中-古生界反射波成像质量,着重对震源端进行攻关,优化设计了2组富低频、强能量的气枪组合震源(总容量为6390in3),分别是沉放10m的平面组合震源和"倒梯形"立体组合震源(4子阵沉放深度分别为7、10、10、7m)。通过外业试验,优选了低频更强的平面组合震源作为地震采集震源方案。与以往地震资料进行了对比,本次采集的地震资料能量衰减较慢,深层能量更强,整体改善了T2不整合面下伏反射层的成像质量,为该区的中-古生界油气勘探奠定基础。 相似文献
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本文使用Nucleus模拟系统对海上多道地震作业时经常用到的不同沉放深度的震源进行了模拟计算，并对得到的子波参数进行了对比分析，为海上作业参数的选择提供依据。 相似文献
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南黄海海域中古生代盆地具有原型盆地类型多样、成盆背景复杂、后期构造改造强烈等特点,导致地震资料品质一直是制约其油气勘探的关键问题。针对南黄海中古生代盆地开展地震采集攻关,以研究区内地震地质条件与地震物性条件的分析为先导,剖析了该区地震勘探存在的关键问题:浅层强界面屏蔽、目的层内部阻抗界面弱、地震成像品质差,并有针对性地开展了相应的大震源长缆深沉放地震采集技术攻关实践,其震源能量超过6 180cu.in3,电缆长度10 050m,枪缆沉放深度分别为10和25m。实践证明,该新技术手段可以有效增大向深部中古生界传播的低频地震分量,降低外源噪音干扰,增加目的层信噪比,使得地震剖面成像品质得到了明显提高。 相似文献
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海洋高分辨率地震调查主要受震源系统、接收系统、缆源的调谐组合技术、地震记录系统和野外作业条件的影响。缆源的调谐组合技术是整个方法研究最为关键的环节之一。通过对“电缆、震源的沉放深度”等野外参数的合理组合,达到最理想的勘探效果。受地震勘探中“鬼波效应”的影响,缆源的调谐组合参数与地震系统的接收频率直接相关,对地震调查资料影响很大。文中从地震系统的滤波效应、直达波与鬼波传播路径及时间差及野外资料的处理对比和理论计算,分析了直达波和鬼波的综合效应,结果表明理论与实际资料在陷波点及幅频特性方面非常一致。研究结果在“海洋天然气水合物调查”项目中得到了应用,对缆源沉放深度的确定具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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子波特性是震源的激发子波及电缆的接收子波的波形特征、频谱特征及能级特征。通过总结历年来"南海北部中生界油气资源前景调查与战略选区"项目所采用的地震采集参数及其地震资料品质对比来分析各种地震参数对接收子波频谱的影响。 相似文献
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短排列多道反射地震接收缆较短，无水鸟、磁罗经、尾标等定位定深设备，给常规数据处理带来诸如观测系统定义等棘手问题；另外，无定深设备会造成接收缆不同接收段的沉放深度不同，破坏反射数据理论双曲线时距曲线关系。针对短排列多道反射地震数据，本文充分利用现场导航数据，计算实际激发点轨迹，再通过反距离比线性插值算法计算检波点的轨迹坐标，获得整个排列的实际观测系统参数。对因沉放深度不一致造成的扭曲时距曲线反射波，文中利用理论双曲线先计算共中心点道集的理论反射波位置，再推算排列中各接收道不同沉放深度处的静校正量，通过静校正拟合运算，消除接收排列非一致深度引起的反射波同相轴扭曲现象。将上述处理方法应用于南极海域短排列多道反射地震数据，最终获得了高分辨率叠加剖面，为后续地质解释提供了保障。 相似文献
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Nouzé Hervé Sibuet Jean-Claude Savoye Bruno Marsset Bruno Thomas Yannick 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1997,19(5):379-395
The Pasisar seismic acquisition system combines a source at the sea surface and a deep-towed single channel streamer. This unconventional device geometry reduces the width of the first Fresnel zone which increases the lateral resolution. However, the device acquisition geometry generates artifacts on seismic profiles and induces large incidence angles of the seismic signal. A specific processing sequence must be applied to the data to obtain a readable seismic section. Penetration of the seismic signal depends on the energy of the signal reaching the seafloor and on its incidence angle. Because of smaller source energy, 800 Joules Sparker data cannot be acquired in water depth larger than 1500 m for example, whereas there is no depth limit for the use of this system with air gun sources. Differential acoustic absorption of seismic frequencies (below 1000 Hz) in the water column is negligible when compared with wave fronts expansion. Thus, the horizontal resolution of any seismic system strongly depends on the frequency spectrum of the seismic source and on the travel distances. Pasisar and conventional seismic profiles being usually simultaneously recorded, we illustrate the interest of using a hybrid seismic device by comparing horizontal resolutions as well as signal-to-noise ratio obtained with both the Pasisar and conventional systems. In addition, by carefully picking time arrivals of a reflection on simultaneously recorded surface and deep-towed seismic records, it is possible to estimate the average interval seismic velocity. We present the simplified example of a horizontal reflector. 相似文献
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为满足深拖式高分辨多道地震勘探需求,设计并实现了海洋地震拖缆数据的实时传输系统。系统由数传包与地震采集站连接组成,采用推荐标准485(Recommended Standards 485,RS485)串行总线实现了采集站与数传包的物理连接,利用低电压差分信号(Low-Voltage Differential Signaling,LVDS)、预加重/均衡器、8位/10位(8 bit/10 bit)编码等技术实现了数传包之间的通信链路。设计了无等待反馈重传的差错控制方法,提高系统高效性和可靠性;在现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)内部采用先进先出(First Input First Output,FIFO)构建多优先级任务队列的多级流水线设计,解决了大容量数据并发而产生的数据漏帧问题。在实验室用已知正弦信号对系统进行了对比测试,结果表明系统能够满足海洋多道地震勘探的数据传输需求,对于海洋多道高分辨率地震资料的可靠获取具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(9):1675-1686
To monitor and better understand temperature and salinity conditions in the Arctic Ocean interior, we developed a new Argo-type ocean profiling system for the polar oceans. This Polar Ocean Profiling System (POPS) consists mainly of an ice platform and an Argo-type subsurface CTD profiler. The ice platform includes a system controller that manages all data acquisition, processing, formatting, and messaging. Iridium satellite communication technology sends the observation data and also allows remote commands to be sent from the laboratory to the buoy. The profiler is mounted on an oceanographic cable interfaced to the platform; the profiler moves along the cable between depths of 10 and 1000 m. The inductive modem system provides data transfer between the ice platform and the profiler. In April 2005, field tests of the POPS were conducted in the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. Later on, commands were sent via Iridium from the laboratory to the buoy to change the data sampling acquisition frequency, allowing us to obtain 14 temperature and salinity profiles during the first 22 days. We confirmed that POPS could measure temperature and salinity with conservative accuracies better than 0.01 °C for temperature and 0.01 for salinity. Following this test, we initiated the observation of the Arctic Ocean from 10 m down to 1000 m depths in April 2006 using POPS, and we also started sending the data to the global telecommunication system (GTS) in real time. These data are the first Argo data sent from the Arctic Ocean. Not only Arctic oceanographers but also everyone who is interested in Arctic oceanographic conditions can easily access these data from the Argo data server. 相似文献
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Gutowski Martin Bull Jon Henstock Tim Dix Justin Hogarth Peter Leighton Tim White Paul 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2002,23(5-6):481-492
Chirp sub-bottom profilers are marine sonar systems which use a highly repeatable source signature to facilitate the acquisition of correlated data with decimetre vertical resolution in the top 20–30 m of sediments. Source signatures can be readily developed and implemented, but an applicable methodology for assessing resolution and attenuation characteristics of these wide-band systems did not exist. Methodologies are developed and applied to seven contrasting source signatures which occupy the same frequency band, but differ in their Envelope and Instantaneous Frequency functions. For the Chirp source signatures tested, a Sine-Squared envelope function is shown to produce seismic data with the optimum resolution and penetration characteristics. 相似文献