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1.
海表面盐度SSS(Sea Surface Salinity)是研究大洋环流和海洋对气候影响的重要参量、是决定海水基本性质的重要因素之一。卫星微波遥感可以满足盐度研究过程中大范围、连续观测的需要。目前,由欧洲空间局设计开发的SMOS(Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity)卫星于2009年发射成功,并且根据它的观测数据和物理机制反演出了海表面盐度的相关产品。但结果显示,在某些近海岸区域(如中国南海海域)受陆地RFI等诸多因素的影响,基于卫星遥感物理机制反演得到的盐度产品的精度较低。本文的主要目的是利用中国海洋大学"东方红2"科学考察船的走航数据、SMOS卫星数据,针对中国南海海域提出了用BP神经网络预测海表面盐度的方法,并用实测Argo浮标、WOA13的盐度数据对模型进行适应性评估。结果表明,模型产品相对于"东方红2"实测盐度数据的均方根误差(RMSE)是0.21,而SMOS的SSS1产品、SSS2产品和SSS3产品的精度分别为1.90、1.93和1.91。同时,在验证数据集中,模型预测数据相对于Argo浮标实测盐度数据的均方根误差(RMSE)是0.50,而SMOS的SSS1产品、SSS2产品和SSS3产品的精度分别为1.83、1.83和1.84。此模型具有良好的适应性和泛化能力,为海表面盐度的反演和预测提供了一个不依赖于物理机制的新方法。  相似文献   

2.
SMOS卫星盐度数据在中国近岸海域的准确度评估   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
盐度是描述海洋的关键变量,对海表面盐度进行观测可以推进对全球水循环的理解。本文的主要目的是在中国近海海域对SMOS卫星盐度数据进行准确度评估。主要方法是将SMOS卫星L2海洋盐度数据产品(V317)与实测ARGO数据和走航数据进行匹配,并采用统计学的方法对SMOS卫星数据准确度进行评估。结果表明:匹配数据的线性关系不显著,SMOS卫星盐度数据(V317)在南海和东海的均方根误差分别约为1.2和0.7,应用海表面粗糙度修正模型得到的3组海表盐度数据准确度都相对较低,尤其在近岸强风场区域,海表盐度卫星数据相对于实测数据偏高,这可能是由于海表粗糙度和陆地射频干扰(RFI)作用影响的结果;SMOS卫星数据在东海的均方根误差比南海高0.5左右,这可能是由于东海海域为相对开阔海域,受陆地RFI影响相对南海较小;在中国近岸海域,应用SSS1和SSS3模型得到的盐度数据准确度相对较高,可以对模型进行地球物理参数修正,进行局地化改进,预计可以提高近岸海域盐度反演的准确度。  相似文献   

3.
海表盐度(Sea Surface Salinity,SSS)是研究海洋对全球气候影响的重要参量,欧洲航天局(European Space Agency,ESA)设计研发的SMOS(Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity)是专用于探测海水盐度的卫星之一。受射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)等因素的影响,SMOS卫星盐度产品的精度难以达到预期效果。为了提高SMOS卫星海表盐度产品精度,本文提出一种基于深度神经网络的海表盐度反演算法。以太平洋中部海域(150°E~180°,5°~30°N)为研究区域,利用Argo浮标实测盐度数据为参考真值,将SMOS卫星L1C、L2级产品与Argo盐度数据进行时空匹配。并根据海洋遥感和辐射传输理论,选取亮温(Brightness Temperature,TB)、海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)、降雨率(Rain Rate,RR)、波高(Significant Wave Height,SWH)、纬向风速(Zonal Wind Speed,ZWS)、经向风速(Meridional Wind Speed,MWS)和蒸发量(Evaporation,Eva)七个影响盐度的重要参数,利用K折交叉验证法,构建了深度神经网络(Deep Neural Network, DNN)模型,对SMOS卫星L2级数据进行反演。实验结果表明,利用本文算法计算得到的海表盐度数据平均绝对误差为0.159,均方根误差为0.195,均明显优于SMOS盐度产品精度,本文提出的算法能够提供更精准的海表盐度产品。  相似文献   

4.
海表面盐度SSS(Sea Surface Salinity)是研究大洋环流和海洋对全球气候影响的重要参量。海表面盐度卫星遥感探测可以满足大范围、连续观测的研究需要,是获取该参量的有效手段。2009年欧洲空间局发射了SMOS(Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity)卫星,并且根据卫星观测的数据反演出海表面盐度的相关产品,但是产品的精度还有待于进一步的提高。本文利用多元线性回归的统计分析方法,针对SMOS卫星相关数据(观测亮温数据和辅助数据)建立一种全新的不依赖于物理机制的海表面盐度统计模型。本文针对太平洋中部提出的统计模型计算的盐度点对点的精度为0.165 5psu,1°×1°月平均精度为0.106 3psu,而SMOS卫星Level 2盐度产品的精度分别为0.585 5和0.181 9psu。同时将模型应用到验证数据集,得到了点对点精度为0.224 2psu,进一步说明模型具有很好的适应性和泛化能力。  相似文献   

5.
针对传统海表盐度遥感反演精度不高、影响因素较少等问题,本文基于SMAP(Soil Moisture Active Passive)卫星L2C(Level 2 C)数据、Argo(Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography)数据和其他辅助数据,以太平洋部分海域(160°E~120°W,0°~30°N)为研究区域,综合考虑海面粗糙度以及白冠覆盖率等参量,利用径向基神经网络建立RBF亮温增量模型,并对平静海面亮温进行修正,然后基于Meissner-Wentz介电常数模型得到反演后的盐度值。验证结果表明:模型预测盐度和SMAP卫星盐度相对于Argo实测盐度的均方根误差分别为0.4和0.5,平均绝对误差分别为0.3和0.4。实验证明,利用RBF神经网络建立的亮温增量模型可以提高海表盐度反演的精度,对海表盐度反演具有实用意义。  相似文献   

6.
以西太平洋为研究区域,利用Argo浮标表层盐度观测值(5 m)对SMAP卫星获得的2016年海表面盐度反演质量进行了评估。首先将西太平洋2016-01—12期间的每日和每月SMAP卫星SSS数据与Argo实测SSS数据进行匹配,然后利用最小二乘线性回归法对其进行相关性分析,并对误差的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:SMAP SSS与Argo SSS之间具有极显著的正相关关系;每日Argo浮标数据(WMO ID:2901520,WMO ID:2901548)和SMAP SSS的变化趋势基本一致,前者均方根误差(RMSE)、偏差(Bias)和相关系数(r)分别为0.43, 0.34和0.71,后者RMSE,Bias和r分别为0.41,0.26和0.69;研究区域内全年RMSE值处于0~0.35,在西太平洋南部海域偏差较大,这可能是由于该海域小岛众多,缺少Argo实测数据,导致其网格化的盐度存在较大误差。除夏季外,研究区域的大部分海域,RMSE都小于0.25。在海表盐度较低的海域,两者的对比结果误差较大,该现象在夏秋两季尤为显著。  相似文献   

7.
路泽廷  朱江  韩君  元慧慧 《海洋通报》2015,34(4):428-439
选取SMOS任务的2个海洋盐度专家中心(法国的CATDS-CECOS和西班牙的BEC)的5种经过再处理的新版SSS L3/4产品作为研究对象,以Argo浮标资料及WOA09资料作为参考标准,对其误差特征进行了细致的分析比较,为将其同化到海洋模式中以及用于其它海洋学的分析应用研究,提供必要的参考。主要结论如下:SMOS年平均海表盐度场与WOA09资料很接近,一些已知的重要的分布形势都有所体现;大洋中部误差较小,近陆误差大;热带误差较小,高纬地区误差较大;三大洋中太平洋均方根误差最小。随着时空分辨率的降低,SMOS SSS资料的均方根误差显著减小。检验的几种资料中,CATDS/CEC-OS处理制作的月平均海表盐度L3级产品误差最小,全球平均均方根误差(RMSE)为0.314;另外几种高分辨率产品中,除由BEC制作的简单加权平均产品均方根误差最大,全球平均0.543以外,其他3种资料的均方根误差量级相当,差异不太明显,全球平均的RMSE为0.3~0.4;BEC的两种分析产品总体上RMSE更小。  相似文献   

8.
海表面盐度是研究海洋对全球气候影响以及大洋环流的重要参量之一,而卫星遥感技术是获取海表面盐度数据的最有效方法.目前,L波段的SMOS和Aquarius/SAC-D遥感卫星正在用于探测海表面盐度,并根据卫星观测数据和物理机制反演出海表面盐度的产品.但在某些近陆地区域,由于淡水流入及陆地射频(RFI)等因素影响,卫星反演盐度的产品精度较低.文中利用“东方红2号”科学考察船的实测数据、SMOS卫星数据,首次针对中国南海海域提出了用贝叶斯网络模型计算海表面盐度,并用验证数据集(实测Argo盐度)对模型进行适应性评估.经过计算,模型误差和验证误差分别为0.47 psu和0.45 psu,而相应的SMOS Level 2产品的精度分别为1.90 psu和1.82 psu.此模型为海表面盐度的计算提供了一个新方法.  相似文献   

9.
海表面盐度(Sea Surface Salinity, SSS)是研究大洋环流和海洋对全球气候影响的关键参数之一。目前借助卫星遥感技术获取全天候和连续的SSS是最有效的方法,但是SSS的反演精度在大部分海域达不到预期目标。众所周知,海表面亮温是反演SSS的关键因素之一,海面粗糙度导致了亮温增量的产生,亮温正演模型的误差会影响盐度反演的精度。本文首次提出了依据6个风带划分全球海域,利用Argo实测盐度数据、SMOS卫星数据和相关辅助数据,通过LASSO统计方法在各风带覆盖的海域构建了一个全新的二次曲线亮温增量模型,再通过贝叶斯迭代反演算法计算出了各个海域的SSS产品。与Argo实测SSS对比,新模型下6部分海域反演SSS的绝对平均误差分别为0.76、0.88、0.93、0.92、1.28和1.21,均显著优于修正前(SMOS L2 SSS)产品的误差(0.98、1.61、2.82、1.50、2.35和3.13)。  相似文献   

10.
自欧洲土壤湿度和盐度卫星SMOS和美国宝瓶座盐度卫星Aquarius相继发射之后,多个数据中心发布了两颗卫星的海表盐度网格化产品,其中包括法国海洋研究院SMOS卫星数据小组发布SMOS Locean L3盐度产品、西班牙巴塞罗那专家中心发布SMOS BEC L4盐度产品和美国宇航局喷气动力实验室发布AquariusV3.0 CAP L3盐度产品。本文利用精确盐度现场观测资料从产品精度和模拟海洋现象能力两个方面对以上3种产品质量进行了评估。研究表明:(1) 在精度方面,与盐度现场资料相比,Aquarius CAP 产品质量最高,产品盐度偏差和均方根误差全年稳定且偏差较小,部分海域达到了设计精度;SMOS两种卫星产品在全球海域偏差较不稳定,个别月份出现异常偏差值;SMOS产品在低纬和开阔海域的数据质量相对较高,但在高纬海域仍存在较大误差,需要进一步提升;(2) 在刻画海洋现象方面,Aquarius产品在热带太平洋较好刻画了淡池东缘盐度锋,SMOS BEC产品的刻画能力次之,SMOS Locean产品在热带太平洋充满了小尺度噪音,描述物理现象方面表现偏差。  相似文献   

11.
In this study, sea surface salinity(SSS) Level 3(L3) daily product derived from soil moisture active passive(SMAP)during the year 2016, was validated and compared with SSS daily products derived from soil Moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and in-situ measurements. Generally, the root mean square error(RMSE) of the daily SSS products is larger along the coastal areas and at high latitudes and is smaller in the tropical regions and open oceans. Comparisons between the two types of daily satellite SSS product revealed that the RMSE was higher in the daily SMOS product than in the SMAP, whereas the bias of the daily SMOS was observed to be less than that of the SMAP when compared with Argo floats data. In addition, the latitude-dependent bias and RMSE of the SMAP SSS were found to be primarily influenced by the precipitation and the sea surface temperature(SST). Then, a regression analysis method which has adopted the precipitation and SST data was used to correct the larger bias of the daily SMAP product. It was confirmed that the corrected daily SMAP product could be used for assimilation in high-resolution forecast models, due to the fact that it was demonstrated to be unbiased and much closer to the in-situ measurements than the original uncorrected SMAP product.  相似文献   

12.
Several remotely sensed sea surface salinity(SSS) retrievals with various resolutions from the soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) and Aquarius/SAC-D missions are applied as inputs for retrieving salinity profiles(S) using multilinear regressions. The performance is evaluated using a total root mean square(RMS) error, different error sources, and the feature resolutions of the retrieved S fields. In the mixed layer of the salinity, the SSS-S regression coefficients are uniformly large. The SSS inputs yield smaller RMS errors in the retrieved S with respect to Argo profiles as their spatial or temporal resolution decreases. The projected SSS errors are dominant, and the retrieved S values are more accurate than those of climatology in the tropics except for the tropical Atlantic, where the regression errors are abnormally large. Below that level, because of the influence of a sea level anomaly, the areas of high-accuracy S values shift to higher latitudes except in the high-latitude southern oceans, where the projected SSS errors are abnormally large. A spectral analysis suggests that the CATDS-0.25° results are much noisier and that the BEC-L4-0.25° results are much smoother than those of the other retrievals. Aquarius-CAP-1° generates the smallest RMS errors, and Aquarius-V2-1° performs well in depicting large-scale phenomena. BEC-L3-0.25°,which has small RMS errors and remarkable mesoscale energy, is the best fit for portraying mesoscale features in the SSS and retrieved S fields. The current priority for retrieving S is to improve the reliability of satellite SSS especially at middle and high latitudes, by developing advanced algorithms, combining both sensors, or weighing between accuracy and resolutions.  相似文献   

13.
For the application of soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS) remotely sensed sea surface salinity(SSS) products,SMOS SSS global maps and error characteristics have been investigated based on quality control information.The results show that the errors of SMOS SSS products are distributed zonally,i.e.,relatively small in the tropical oceans,but much greater in the southern oceans in the Southern Hemisphere(negative bias) and along the southern,northern and some other oceanic margins(positive or negative bias).The physical elements responsible for these errors include wind,temperature,and coastal terrain and so on.Errors in the southern oceans are due to the bias in an SSS retrieval algorithm caused by the coexisting high wind speed and low temperature; errors along the oceanic margins are due to the bias in a brightness temperature(TB) reconstruction caused by the high contrast between L-band emissivities from ice or land and from ocean; in addition,some other systematic errors are due to the bias in TB observation caused by a radio frequency interference and a radiometer receivers drift,etc.The findings will contribute to the scientific correction and appropriate application of the SMOS SSS products.  相似文献   

14.
针对SMOS和Aquarius海表盐度误差分析没有区分不同空间频谱信噪特征的问题,基于6种主要的遥感盐度分析产品,根据定性图像、纬向波数谱、均方根误差等指标,分析产品的有效分辨率并探讨其原因机制。研究表明:CATDS-0.25°分析产品所描述的盐度场中小尺度结构失真,其较高谱能量密度在热带海域以噪音为主,而在西边界流等海域以信号为主;BEC-L3-0.25°有着较小的均方根误差、清晰的盐度图像、显著的中尺度能量,最适于描绘中尺度(25~100 km)盐度特征;BEC-L4-0.25°被奇异谱分析方法过度平滑了盐度场;Aquarius-V2-1.00°通过局部平滑处理,在描述大尺度(>100 km)盐度现象方面表现较好;Aquarius-CAP-1.00°通过主动-被动联合算法(CAP)减小了均方根误差,但图像中卫星轨道形态明显;CATDS-1.00°的图像形态、能量分布和误差特征与Aquarius-V2-1.00°相当。这些结论可为用户正确使用产品进行地球物理学研究提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.  相似文献   

16.
海洋的盐度观测对于气候和海洋科学的研究有重要的意义,盐度的卫星遥感观测需要估计各种因素带来的误差影响。本文基于海面微波辐射理论和海水相对电容率等模型,采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法研究了在盐度遥感中温度误差、仪器误差以及风速误差对于后续的盐度反演的影响。通过计算温度误差产生的盐度误差,并与敏感性方法的对比发现,在低温低盐时温度误差对盐度反演误差的影响较大,2种方法的偏差较大;而在高温高盐时温度误差对盐度反演误差的影响较小,2种方法的偏差较小。辐射计仪器噪声对盐度误差的影响普遍在0.1psu以上,在低温低盐时可达0.5psu以上。风速误差对盐度反演误差的影响在水平极化状态下随入射角增大,在温度低于20℃时普遍超过1psu;在垂直极化状态下随入射角先减小后增大,在温度低于20℃以及较小的入射角下误差也会超过1psu。对误差的综合分析发现,采用垂直极化状态在高温时这2种误差的影响较小。研究发现,当入射角是45.6°和垂直极化状态下,对于3种典型海面状态(35℃和35psu,20℃和35psu,5℃和30psu),反演的盐度反演误差可达到0.162,0.153和0.444psu,达到了卫星单次扫描对盐度反演的误差要求。  相似文献   

17.
针对传统海表盐度的物理机制反演模型拟合过程复杂且反演精度不高等问题,借助大范围、全天时、L波段探测的SMAP卫星微波海洋遥感产品,以北太平洋(135°~165°E,15°~45°N)范围为研究海域,利用深层神经网络(Deep Neural Network,DNN)和支持向量机(Support Vector Machin...  相似文献   

18.
This paper proposes a new method to retrieve salinity profiles from the sea surface salinity(SSS) observed by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity(SMOS) satellite. The main vertical patterns of the salinity profiles are firstly extracted from the salinity profiles measured by Argo using the empirical orthogonal function. To determine the time coefficients for each vertical pattern, two statistical models are developed. In the linear model, a transfer function is proposed to relate the SSS observed by SMOS(SMOS_SSS) with that measured by Argo, and then a linear relationship between the SMOS_SSS and the time coefficient is established. In the nonlinear model, the neural network is utilized to estimate the time coefficients from SMOS_SSS, months and positions of the salinity profiles. The two models are validated by comparing the salinity profiles retrieved from SMOS with those measured by Argo and the climatological salinities. The root-mean-square error(RMSE) of the linear and nonlinear model are 0.08–0.16 and 0.08–0.14 for the upper 400 m, which are 0.01–0.07 and 0.01–0.09 smaller than the RMSE of climatology. The error sources of the method are also discussed.  相似文献   

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