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1.
球形棕囊藻Phaeocystis globosa 是近年来在我国沿海频发的有毒有害赤潮藻.为了寻找一种简单、有效和安伞的去除赤潮藻的方法,探讨了纳米TiO2 薄膜以及载Fe3+纳米TiO2薄膜在可见光条件下对球形棕囊藻的除藻效果.结果表明,载Fe3+纳米TiO2除藻效果好于未载Fe3+的纳米TiO2,藻液中投加载Fe3+纳米TiO2薄膜的量为20mg·L-1时,可见光照射48h后,藻液中细胞密度由4.08×104cell·mL-1降低到0.01×104cell·mL-1,叶绿素a浓度由0.43mg·L-1降低到0.001mg·L-1,除藻率达到99.7%,除藻速率符合准一级反应动力学方程. 相似文献
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2021年1月下旬深圳大鹏湾沿岸海域发生球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)藻华。为了探究球形棕囊藻藻华发生动态特征及其影响因素, 于1月20日至2月1日系统调查分析了藻华发生过程中浮游植物优势种演替、球形棕囊藻囊体数量、营养盐水平以及其他环境因素的变化。结果表明: 1月20日, 中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为绝对优势种, 1月21日球形棕囊藻囊体开始出现, 1月25日囊体数量达到最高, 达69colonies·L-1; 1月27日红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)藻华出现, 随后球形棕囊藻藻华逐渐消退。灰关联分析显示, 铵盐和硝酸盐是影响球形棕囊藻囊体丰度的最主要因素。水体扰动和球形棕囊藻在磷限制条件下的竞争优势也可能有利于球形棕囊藻藻华的发生。红色赤潮藻藻华可能是球形棕囊藻藻华消退的主要原因。球形棕囊藻藻华的发生和消亡是各种理化因素和生物因素共同作用的结果。 相似文献
3.
北部湾海域球形棕囊藻遗传多样性分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
南海北部湾海域近年来连年暴发球形棕囊藻赤潮，严重威胁近海生态安全，亟待探明赤潮成因。球形棕囊藻是一种广泛分布于温带至热带海域的有害藻华微藻，具有明显的种下遗传分化。为了解北部湾海域球形棕囊藻的遗传多样性及其对赤潮藻种来源的指示意义，本研究针对分离于北部湾海域赤潮发生期间的4株棕囊藻，以核糖体28S大亚基rRNA基因（28S rDNA）D1-D2区和转录间隔区（ITS区）为靶区构建克隆文库，通过测序分析了北部湾海域球形棕囊藻的遗传多样性。结果表明，从北部湾分离的4株棕囊藻均为球形棕囊藻，但不同年份分离的球形棕囊藻藻株之间存在明显的遗传差异。部分球形棕囊藻藻株（PG2015和PG2017）的不同克隆间也存在遗传差异，这种遗传差异在由单一藻细胞建立的克隆培养系中仍存在，表明遗传差异是来自细胞内多拷贝的基因序列，可能源自不同地理种群球形棕囊藻之间的基因交流。与ITS区相比，28S rDNA D1-D2区能更好地反映球形棕囊藻遗传多样性状况，具有作为分子标记指示球形棕囊藻地理种群的潜力，但仍需深入研究。研究结果深化了对北部湾球形棕囊藻遗传多样性的认识，有望为进一步解析北部湾海域球形棕囊藻赤潮原因种来源提供判据。 相似文献
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近年来, 棕囊藻已成为我国北部湾海域藻华发生的主要原因种, 严重影响北部湾海洋生态环境、水产增养殖业和防城港核电安全, 急切需要对棕囊藻藻华原因种作进一步分析确认。2017年2月和3月在钦州湾和涠洲岛藻华发生海域分离得到9株棕囊藻, 采用光学显微镜进行形态学初步鉴定, 并通过核糖体小亚基序列(SSU rDNA)进行系统进化分析。研究结果表明, 北部湾9株棕囊藻与球形棕囊藻形态特征基本符合, 系统发育树与不同海域来源的球形棕囊藻聚在同一大分支上, 与其他海域来源的球形棕囊藻遗传距离为0.0000~0.0071, 其中北部湾WZS3-1株与墨西哥湾株CCMP627、苏里南株CCMP628、厄瓜多尔株CCMP1528、南非株P162、中国海株RCC:K1398及汕头株Santou97的球形棕囊藻亲缘关系最近, 遗传距离为0.0000, 而北部湾WZS1、WZS2、WZS4、WZS5株与香港株SKLMP_T005和渤海株BOHAI1亲缘关系最近, 遗传距离为0.0000。球形棕囊藻的种内遗传距离(0.0000~0.0073)明显小于种间遗传距离(0.0084~0.0440), 因此可确定来自北部湾不同海域的9株棕囊藻均为球形棕囊藻。此外, 球形棕囊藻各藻株间的亲缘关系远近与其地理位置分布不能完全对应。本研究结果将为我国棕囊藻藻华藻种库构建、棕囊藻北部湾株生理生态研究和北部湾棕囊藻藻华发生机理研究等提供参考。 相似文献
6.
棕囊藻引发的有害藻华已经成为一种全球性的自然灾害,给海洋环境以及渔业经济带来了严重的损失。棕囊藻存在两种生活史形态:游离的单细胞形态和囊体形态,但是不同形态之间的转换和囊体形成机制尚不清楚。营养盐是浮游植物生长和藻华发生的物质基础,棕囊藻藻华以往多发生在硝酸盐限制海区。但是近年来,尿素等有机氮在河口区域浓度不断提高,有机氮源的增加可能对棕囊藻生长和生活史转换产生显著的影响。通过添加硝酸盐、铵盐、尿素三种氮源,研究不同氮源对球形棕囊藻生长和囊体形成的影响。研究表明:球形棕囊藻可以在硝氮、尿素中迅速生长,形成囊体,但是氨氮对其却有明显的抑制作用;球形棕囊藻单细胞在硝氮中丰度比较高,最大可达到(444.21±64.97)×10~3个·mL~(-1);在尿素中更容易形成囊体,最多能达到(12.61±6.5)个·mL~(-1)。球形棕囊藻可以利用硝酸盐和有机氮源使其具有更强的竞争力,尿素在海洋水体中浓度的提高,可能是近年来球形棕囊藻藻华在我国近海水域频发的原因之一。 相似文献
7.
球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)常在热带至温带近海海域形成有害藻华,该种具有种内遗传多态性,且有囊体大小、特征色素组成等性状分化。在我国南海形成有害藻华的球形棕囊藻可形成“巨型囊体”,以19''-丁酰氧基岩藻黄素(But-fuco)为特征色素,是一种独特的“巨囊”生态型。2021年11月底至12月初,南黄海青岛沿岸暴发大规模球形棕囊藻藻华。藻华发生期间,对青岛沿岸3个站位的水文和化学要素进行了观测,分析了球形棕囊藻囊体的数量、直径和色素组成,并应用一种高分辨率种下分子标记——叶绿体rbcS-rpl27基因间隔区分析了其遗传特征。结果表明,藻华发生期间青岛沿岸表层海水温度较低 (12~14℃),海域营养盐组成具有高溶解有机氮、低溶解无机氮的特征;球形棕囊藻囊体丰度超过20个/L,最大囊体直径为18 mm,以But-fuco为特征色素, rbcS-rpl27序列分析表明其与南海“巨囊”生态型球形棕囊藻具有相同的遗传特征。南黄海首次暴发的球形棕囊藻藻华是由“巨囊”生态型形成,该藻华可能对海洋生态系统、水产养殖业发展和核电设施运行等构成威胁,亟待开展藻华成因与监测预警对策研究。 相似文献
8.
球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel)是全球海洋广泛分布的有害藻华种类。1997年10月,中国东南沿海首次暴发了此种藻类的大规模藻华,其后陆续在福建、广东、广西、海南、河北及天津等省市沿海暴发多起同种藻华。中国近海的球形棕囊藻藻华呈现两大独有的特点,即藻类囊体较大(可达3厘米),以及藻华可毒害养殖业。历经20多年,球形棕囊藻在中国沿海已从一个"藻华新记录种"变成了"藻华常见种"。值得注意的是, 2014年以来,广西北部湾海域棕囊藻藻华肆虐,威胁核电冷源安全,受到了社会高度关注,也对球形棕囊藻藻华的研究提出了新的挑战与要求。针对这一生态灾害的最新发展趋势,本文总结了20年来中国球形棕囊藻及其藻华灾害的发生与发展状况,分别就棕囊藻的分类、生活史特征、营养特性、藻华形成的环境驱动因素、生态毒理等诸多方面开展简要综述,冀望为棕囊藻藻华的研究及防治提供基础资料及思路。 相似文献
9.
球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystisglobosa)暴发藻华时多以囊体形态出现,但迄今缺乏囊体消除方法研究。本文在球形棕囊藻藻华暴发水域取样进行实验,比较了原土及不同改性材料制备的改性粘土对囊型球形棕囊藻的消除效果,并考察了水体pH、溶解有机碳(DOC)、溶解无机磷(DIP)等在治理前后的变化。结果表明:粘土经表面改性后对球形棕囊藻消除能力明显提高,对囊体亦有一定破碎作用,且改性粘土浓度越高,其除藻破囊效果越好;在有效消除囊体细胞情况下,添加改性粘土对水体中pH及DOC含量影响较小,但可以导致DIP水平降低。 相似文献
10.
球形棕囊藻是我国沿海常见有害藻华物种,生活史中包括囊体和单细胞两种形态,藻华爆发时的优势形态是囊体,游离单细胞很少被发现,但是球形棕囊藻囊体形成的机制目前还不清楚。本研究通过分析桡足类、纤毛虫和异养甲藻及其化学信号对囊体形成的影响,以探究摄食压力对球形棕囊藻生活史转变的影响。实验结果表明:3种摄食者的直接摄食均引发了球形棕囊藻囊体直径的扩大,摄食者的粒径越大,球形棕囊藻的囊体直径增大越显著,安氏伪镖水蚤的化学信号也能引发球形棕囊藻囊体显著增大,但是游仆虫和海洋尖尾藻的化学信号并未引发类似响应。囊体形成和直径的扩大保护了囊体内细胞免受摄食,有助于球形棕囊藻藻华的发生。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
17.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献