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本文运用气相色谱法,对渤海微生物自然混合菌群降解20号重柴油中的烷烃的能力进行了实验室研究。 实验测定了在5,50,500ppm三个油浓度下微生物自然混合菌群对正烷烃的降解能力。20天内,微生物对正烷烃(C_(11)—C_(22))的生物降解率分别为56.63％,61.45％和72.36％;物理化学降解率分别为34.18％,38.18％和19.85％。正烷烃的总降解率分别为90.81％,99.63％和92.21％。在本实验条件下,经过20天的降解,20号重柴油中的C_(11)—C_(22)烷烃绝大部分被降解。 相似文献
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室内试验研究小头虫的生物扰动作用对沉积物油污降解的影响。实验在混加定量20~#柴油的小生境中进行6个月。期间对氧化还原电位不连续展(RPD)深度,Eh,烃类氧化菌菌量以及油浓度等参数做了连续测定。结果表明,小头虫的生物扰动作用通过改善沉积物次表层氧含量水平而促进了烃类氧化菌的生长,并因此使得沉积物中油污的生物降解提高了15％。 相似文献
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氮(N)是蛋白质和核酸等重要有机物的成份。磷(P)是核酸等重要有机物的成份。它们在细胞代谢中发生重要的作用。海带或其他生物在代谢过程中都必须有一定数量的氮和磷的供应,才能正常地生长和发育。Drew(1910)的实验指出,在天然海水中加入一些无机盐的氮和磷可以促进糖海带配子体的生长。Harries(1932)的实验指出:磷促进海带配子体的细胞分裂。当磷的含量超过氮时,配子体会生长成为多细胞分枝体,结果不能发育为孢子体,当氮的含量过多时,配子体的生长延缓,发育推迟。木下 相似文献
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本文介绍了在加拿大Saanich内湾进行的小型海洋生态系围隔实验中,观测了在低光照下Enersperse 700分散剂分散中国胜利原油的微生物降解及其与营养盐的关系。实验结果表明:分散原油作为微生物的基质有利于微生物生长,油浓度与菌数有正的相关性;氮和磷在微生物降解原油污染物中起着重要作用,高营养盐实验桶菌数高,分散原油降解速度也较快;在添加原油的实验桶原油降解过程,营养盐同时被消耗,而未添加原油的对照桶,营养盐保持不变。 相似文献
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海洋油污染微生物降解的研究——Ⅱ.烃氧化细菌对烃化合物降解的初步探讨 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
微生物在海洋环境中降解烃类物质的作用引起了许多学者的重视,1895年日本三好[1]观察到葡萄果皮上的细菌能分解果皮上的腊质,因而提出了微生物降解烃类的报告,ZoBell[2,3]从1942年开始进行微生物降解海洋油污染的研究,特别是细菌在海洋中的净化作用作了深入研究,Horowitz等(1977)[4]用流动海水的培养池模拟现场条件,研究北冰洋海域中油的生物降解,他们指出在培养池中加入氮和磷能增加微生物数量,促进油的降解.Herbes等(1978)[5]测定沉积物中微生物对多环芳香烃的转化,认为微生物能转化二个环和三个环的多环芳香烃,但对蒽的转化比萘难,在我国仅是近几年在渤海、胶州湾等海域开展这方面的调查研究工作[6],而有关我国南部海域的研究尚未见报道. 相似文献
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在实验室内模拟研究了沙海蜇消亡过程中氮与磷的释放特征。模拟结果表明:沙海蜇消亡过程中向水体释放氮、磷可分为两个阶段,且氮的释放速率比磷高一个数量级。在沙海蜇消亡的初期阶段,水体中溶解态氮、磷和总氮、总磷的浓度迅速增高,氮可以达到其消亡过程中的最高浓度;在后期阶段,水体中溶解态氮和总氮的浓度不断下降,但水体中的磷在这一阶段达到消亡过程中的最高浓度碱性条件有利于氮的释放,酸性条件有利于磷的释放;盐度越高氮与磷的释放速率越小;温度对氮、磷的释放影响不大;水体中氮与磷含量越高,沙海蜇消亡的速度越慢,而且氮的浓度越高,氮与磷释放到水体中的速率就越慢。 相似文献
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为深入解析水面浮油膜光谱特征,采用水面以上光谱测量方法,去除太阳直射和天空光两部分反射的影响,获取了珠江口水域不同厚度水面柴油膜光谱信息,对其光谱响应特征和机理进行了分析。结果表明:水面柴油膜光谱对背景水体光谱具有依赖性,但水面柴油膜光谱在可见光波段高于背景水体,且随着油膜厚度增加呈现不断增加的趋势;油膜反射光谱在蓝、紫光区域出现明显反射峰;360~500 nm区域油膜反射率与厚度相关系数大于0.8,有利于油膜厚度的遥感估算。最后指出,水面浮油膜类似于光学薄膜的单层增反膜,导致光谱反射率的增加,在360~420 nm区域的反射峰和石油类物质的荧光性有关。研究结果可为水域溢油污染遥感监测研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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无机氮和磷对海带配子体生长发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
氮(N)是蛋白质和核酸等重要有机物的成份。磷（P）是核酸等重要有机物的成份。它们在细胞代谢中发生重要的作用。海带或其他生物在代谢过程中都必须有一定数量的氮和磷的供应，才能正常地生长和发育。Drew(1910)的实验指出，在天然海水中加入一些无机盐的氮和磷可以促进糖海带配子体的生长， 相似文献
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为深入认识深海溢油输运过程和提高深海溢油事故的应急响应能力,文章以2010年墨西哥湾“深水地平线”事故为例,采用深海溢油输移扩散模型,以三维流场和海面风场为主要环境动力,数值模拟溢油深海泄漏后的浮射扩散、水体中输移扩散以及在风场和流场共同作用下在海面上输移扩散的全过程,同时模拟实施海底消油剂喷注处理措施后溢油输移轨迹和扩散范围的变化。研究结果表明：数值模拟结果与相关报道的悬浮油带实际观测结果以及美国国家海洋与大气管理局的海水异常遥感监测结果总体相符,可为更加全面和精细的深海溢油输移扩散数值模拟研究奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
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One of the tasks being completed while oil pollution monitoring in the Black Sea, was a study of natural seepage. Two known oil seeps are located in the southeastern section, the Georgian sector, from which crude oil enters the marine environment. The archives of European Space Agency and ScanEx Research and Development Center have a considerable quantity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired in 1993–2011 by the ERS-1/2, Envisat, and Radarsat-1 satellites, on which seep oil slicks are clearly visible in this region. Processing of the collected SAR images with detected slicks in combination with the geoinformation approach has revealed a link of these slicks with the bottom sources on the local sedimentary structure in the Southeast Black Sea; their analysis provides both new insight into this phenomenon and new information to help understand nature of these oil seeps. On the basis of an analysis of collected SAR images and detailed bathymetric data, information on the source positions on the bottom and estimates of oil volumes entering the sea surface are obtained. 相似文献
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Andrei Yu. Ivanov Hadi Gerivani Natalia V. Evtushenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(5):527-538
AbstractTwo groups of oil slicks have been repeatedly detected in the Southern Caspian Sea, off Cape Sefidrud and close to the Iranian coast of the sea on the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites in April–June 2018. Analysis of the SAR images together with bathymetry, geological and geophysical data in geographic information system showed that these manifestations (oil slicks) visible on the sea surface have natural origin, related to the bottom seepage phenomenon and are associated with existing hydrocarbon system. Oil slicks are concentrated over the continental slope and related to local geological formations of the sedimentary cover having oil deposits related to paleo-delta of Sefidrud River. Our evidence shows that two seeps in this area are active and repeating. It is concluded that the SAR is an excellent tool for monitoring of seepage phenomenon. Moreover, results indicate that the use of remote methods to identify offshore natural oil seeps related to existing active petroleum system can be considered as a well-accepted approach to support oil and gas exploration in frontier areas such as the South Caspian Basin. 相似文献
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化学消油剂的使用已成为国内外海洋溢油事故应急处理的重要措施之一。本文分别从光明化学消油剂GM-8的用量、油水比及环境pH等方面,对正十四烷及原油乳化效果进行分析。结果表明, GM-8对正十四烷及原油的乳化效果较好,当化学消油剂的用量为原油的5%时,正十四烷及原油的乳化指数较高。在消油剂与原油用量比为一定值时,原油的乳化效果与海水的量几乎没有关系。环境pH对GM-8乳化原油的影响不大,乳化后的原油可以在海洋环境中稳定7 d以上。GM-8对原油的微生物降解有一定的增强作用。N/P、环境的pH以及微生物的接种量等均对乳化原油的生物降解有较大的影响。当微生物的接种量由培养基的1%增加到10%时,乳化原油的微生物降解率增加了一倍以上,达到91.6%。 相似文献
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Along with the rapid advance in global industrialization, oil spill events caused by offshore operations, trans- portation and accidents are increasing. Compared with ship surveys, monitoring oil spills through remote sensing has real-time, comprehensive, low-cost advantages, which can effectively guide cleaning and evalu- ation, and reduce the marine ecological destruction resulting from oil spills. Therefore, studying the remote sensing mechanism used to monitor marine oil spills is of great significance for ecological environmen- tal protection. This paper describes an experiment and corresponding analysis based on the above-water method, using the East China Sea coastal turbid water. The analysis shows that ＂upward short-wave＂ in ultraviolet and blue-purple bands and its displacement, along with the changing thickness, are important characteristics for distinguishing between the oil slick and the sea water, and also to differentiate oil slicks of different thicknesses. From blue to near-infrared bands, the spectrum of lube oil is flatter than that of diesel, and the diesel spectrum rises faster than the lube spectrum on the right side of the trough at 400 nm. These two features form an important basis for differentiating diesel from lube oil. These analyses will further the development of oil spill remote sensing in the East China Sea. 相似文献
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Microlayer samples from a coastal marine area near Marseilles (France) collected in 1979 and 1980 have been analysed for POC, PON, chlorophyll a, ATP, cell counts, carbon fixation and in some cases for heterotrophic activity. Comparison of microlayer data with those of underlying water showed in most cases enrichment of organic matter and microorganisms in the surface microlayer. Carbon fixation values were comparable to those observed at 0·50 m except in the slicks, where phytoneustonic activity was higher than that of the underlying phytoplankton. Though total heterotrophic activity was higher in the surface film, the turnover time was not significantly different in both microlayer and underlying water. Our data show that enrichment is highly dependent on sea conditions; whenever slicks are present, the surface film seems to function like an eutrophic system, including active living material, although detritus is regularly present in large amounts. 相似文献
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合成孔径雷达(SAR)以其高分辨率、能不受雨云影响实施全天时全天候全方位监测,在海面溢油灾害应急监测过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。溢油是因为海面油膜抑制了毛细波和重力波,在SAR图像上呈暗斑而被识别。然而,海面溢油的乳化过程直接影响SAR对海面溢油后向散射截面的观测精度。本研究以物理海洋学和激光原理以及海面电磁散射理论为基础,通过实验利用激光扫描仪观测海面溢油粗糙度,分别与溢油特征参数、后向散射系数建立对应关系;耦合海面溢油参数与后向散射截面的关系,利用电磁散射数值建模方法,建立海面溢油散射模型,研究海面溢油乳化过程对微波后向散射截面的影响。本项目的研究将为SAR监测海面溢油量、溢油厚度及油品分布格局提供了可能;将进一步揭示海面溢油的散射机制,提高SAR海面监测溢油的精度和能力。 相似文献
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The ability of biodegradation for crude oil was examined for ten strains of marine bacteria. With regard to their degradation ability forn-alkanes the microorganisms tested could be divided into four groups, although the same result was not observed for microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons obtained by the UV measurements. 相似文献