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1.
长江入海泥沙的变化趋势与上海滩涂资源的可持续利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在分析1950年以来系列监测资料的基础上,对今后20年长江入海泥沙量和口门区5 m等深线以浅滩涂的冲淤趋势作了初步估计,结果表明:(1) 人类活动已导致长江入海泥沙通量减少约2/3.大通站输沙率从20世纪60年代后期开始出现趋势性下降,尤其是80年代后期以来输沙率下降加快.1996～2005年的输沙率(2.80亿t/a)比1956～1965年的输沙率(5.04亿t/a)下降了2.04亿t/a,降幅达44%;三峡水库蓄水后的2003～2005年大通站输沙率(1.89亿t/a)比1956～1965年降低63%.(2) 滩涂淤涨速率明显下降.河口口门区4大滩涂(崇明东滩、横沙东滩、九段沙和南汇东滩)的合计淤涨速率在1958～1977年、1977～1996年和1996～2004年3个时段分别为19.1、5.1和4.9 km2/a.(3) 目前上海5 m等深线以上的滩涂面积主要分布在口门4大滩涂,它们分别是崇明东滩(701 km2)、横沙东滩(464 km2)、九段沙(410 km2)和南汇东滩(462 km2),占总面积的80%.(4) 考虑北槽深水航道工程的影响后得出,大通站输沙率(108 t/a)和口门区4大滩涂淤涨速率(km2/a)之间的关系为Y=9.51X-29.1,r=0.925.预测表明:2006～2015年和2016～2025年时段大通站平均输沙率估计将分别降至1.5和1.2亿t/a左右.根据上述关系,2006～2015年和2016～2025年时段口门4大滩涂5 m等深线以上面积将分别蚀退148和177 km2,即20年累计损失占现有面积的13.8%.在现有工程条件下,今后20年口门的4大滩涂5 m等深线以上的面积累计损失可能为10%左右.因此,作为上海滩涂资源主要来源的长江口门区滩涂淤涨速率在自然条件下随着长江入海泥沙的减少而迅速下降,若无有效的工程保护措施,今后随着长江来沙的进一步降低将出现净的蚀退.采取适当的工程促淤措施,利用高悬沙浓度的有利条件,上海仍可望获得新的滩涂,以实现滩涂资源的可持续利用. 相似文献
2.
根据1951～2000年大通站实测水文资料和长江口地形图,分析了长江入海泥沙量的变化趋势及其对水下三角洲冲淤演变的影响.从20世纪60年代末开始,长江入海泥沙量出现减少趋势,90年代输沙量相对于60年代下降了1/3.流域大量修建水库是导致河流入海泥沙减少的根本原因.在此背景下,长江口门外的水下三角洲淤积速率从1958～1978年时段的55mm/a下降为1978～1998年时段的11mm/a.考虑三峡工程等多种人类活动的可能影响,估计本世纪上半叶和下半叶的河流入海泥沙量将分别减少约60%和40%.尝试建立了三角洲冲淤对河流供沙量响应的概念公式,并据此对本世纪长江三角洲的演变趋势做了初步预测:三角洲的总体淤涨速率将急剧下降,口门外水下三角洲将出现严重侵蚀. 相似文献
3.
通过对崇明东滩水文、泥沙、地形等资料的分析,阐述1983-2003年崇明东滩冲淤演变过程. 1.1983-2001年,崇明东滩淤涨延伸较快,0m以上各等高线大幅度向外扩展,沿正东向年均外移228~279m不等.潮滩面积稳定增长,3.5m以上面积增加最多,达65.2km2,0m以上面积共增加8.4km2.滩面淤高迅速,尤其是高潮滩,且有随高程的降低,淤高速率下降的趋势.2. 2003年与2001年相比,崇明东滩0m以上面积增加4.2km2,2.0m以上面积减少0.8 km2,3.0m以上面积年均增长率下降.3.人类活动(如围垦)对崇明东滩的演变产生重要影响.流域来沙量大幅减少对潮滩演变的影响有待于进一步研究. 相似文献
4.
2018年至2021年黄河河口春季生态调水与2次罕见大洪水,导致时段内入海水沙过程和水沙通量发生变化。为了解滨海地貌变化特征,根据海域实测地形资料,结合同期利津水文站来水来沙数据,分析了河口滨海区2、5和10 m等深线变化及冲淤演变,比较了现河口各汊三角洲前缘发育情况。结果表明：2018年至2021年河口年均入海水沙分别为362亿m3和2.81亿t,是2002年至2017年入海水沙均值的2倍;4 a间入海泥沙共11.67亿t(包括尾闾河道冲刷0.42亿t),其中有8.58亿t(6.13亿m3)落淤在现行河口滨海区;洪峰呈漫流入海,入海汊口稳定性变差,加速河口出汊摆动演变,口门前方形成长轴平行岸线、短轴垂直岸线的椭圆形连续狭长淤积带,三角洲前缘得到充分发育;大洪水期间,河口在东北向自然出汊,东汊和东北汊成为入海主汊。 相似文献
5.
根据长江三峡蓄水前后十余年的入海泥沙通量和河口口门区冲淤的对比分析,初步探讨三峡工程对长江河口三角洲地貌演化的影响。结果表明：（1）三峡水库蓄水以来（2003-2008年）,入库悬沙73％以上被拦截在水库里,因坝下游河床冲刷和支流来沙补给,三峡水库蓄水导致大通站输沙率下降49%;（2）1994?2000年、2000?2004年、2004?2008年,长江口门研究区（1500km2）净淤积量分别为7.25×108m3（1.21亿m3/a）、-1.03×108m3（-0.26亿m3/a）和-0.20×108m3（-0.05亿m3/a）;（3）2000年以来,河口口门外水深超过7m的大部分区域处于蚀退,尤以10-20m区域侵蚀最为强烈,但河口滩地（5m线以内）较前一时段淤积加强。主要结论：三峡水库蓄水加剧了长江入海泥沙的减少;入海泥沙减少是长江三角洲从淤积转为侵蚀的主要原因,近几年入海泥沙减少和河口口门区出现的冲刷有一半左右可归因于三峡工程的运行;河口滩地的逆势淤积是近年一系列的河口重大工程影响的结果。 相似文献
6.
长江口扁担沙动力地貌变化过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河口浅滩不仅为人类提供宝贵湿地资源，而且是调控河势演变的重要因素。研究河口浅滩动力地貌演变规律对航道整治、湿地生态开发及岸堤防护等具有重要价值。本文利用最近150多年的长江口历史海图资料、实测水深与水文泥沙数据，分析长江口南支最大的浅滩—扁担沙动力地貌演变格局及其变化机制。结果表明:(1) 1860?2016年期间，扁担沙反复历经淤积?冲刷?淤积，浅滩由最初水下阴滩发育出露而形成纺锤状沙体，随后演变为细长扁担状，沙尾切滩成爪状沙体，下扁担沙则伴随爪状缝隙被不断填充而淤长；(2)自1954年洪水到目前，扁担沙?2 m、?5 m等深线包络的面积与体积整体上均呈现增长态势，其中面积年均增长率分别为0.88 km2/a和0.81 km2/a，体积年均增长率分别为1.3×106 m3/a和5×106 m3/a；扁担沙浅滩在不同时期冲淤变化不同，其中1998年出现大幅度冲刷，平均冲刷厚度达到1.4 m；(3)扁担沙体积变化和长江入海泥沙的增减无直接联系，但与入海径流量的变化密切相关；(4)白茆沙“南强北弱”的河势、南北港分流工程以及东风西沙水库的建立导致扁担沙向北推移。 相似文献
7.
黄河口快速沉积及其动力过程 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
现场观测资料和卫星遥感校准图像计算表明 ,185 5年以来 ,黄河三角洲新淤陆地 36 99km2 ,生长速率为 2 6 8km2 /a ,黄河输入三角洲 1× 10 8t泥沙形成 3 14 4km2 的陆地。进入河口区的泥沙约 88 4 %堆积在水下 8km宽的三角洲前缘。研究表明 ,这一堆积比例是河口切变锋、异重流和潮流场相互作用的结果 ,异重流在黄河汛期一直存在 ,大约搬运黄河来沙的 6 0 %沉积在三角洲前缘 ;一个潮周期内 ,切变锋出现两次 ,它能够捕获异轻羽状流中的悬浮泥沙堆积 ,也能够限制异重流的远距离扩散。切变锋消失后 ,少量悬浮泥沙才能远距离扩散 ,随潮流离开三角洲水下斜坡。 相似文献
8.
根据历史资料、数据和相关研究,结合研究区域背景,分析苏北废黄河三角洲的演变。结果显示,岸线演变在发育阶段和侵蚀阶段分别为向海延伸约90 km和侵蚀后退约22 km,面积相差约800 km2,三角洲地貌演变表现为岸线平直-曲折-平滑-平直的过程。在废三角洲陆海相互作用的基础上,运用演化模式分析三角洲的演变过程。该三角洲演变可以分为7个演变阶段,发育期在径流和潮流作用下以沙洲并陆淤积延伸方式进行,侵蚀期在波浪和潮流作用下以沙洲合并侵蚀后退和淤积外长交替侵蚀的方式。泥沙输运、人类活动和气候变化对废三角洲的演变有重要影响,巨量的来沙是三角洲发育的原因,泥沙平衡被打破是侵蚀的主要原因。发育期中,泥沙输运影响淤积速度和位置,人类活动和气候变化影响黄河河道迁移、输沙量和产沙量;侵蚀期中,泥沙输运影响侵蚀状态,人类活动在一定程度上影响海岸带冲/淤,气候变化将影响三角洲的演变趋势。 相似文献
9.
莱州湾海域水文特征及冲淤变化分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
研究了莱州湾海域水文、泥沙特征及沉积状况,分析了莱州湾海域不同等深线的冲淤变化。结果表明,莱州湾海域具有显著的大陆性气候特征,潮汐类型属于不正规混合半日潮,海岸泥沙主要来源于支脉河的径流和涨潮流携带来的海相泥沙;0 m等深线1991—1993年是向海淤进,其余年段均为蚀退,蚀退速率与黄河口来沙量和口门入海位置有一定关系;两个断面上不同等深线的淤进(淤积)和蚀退(侵蚀)交替进行,0~2 m等深线总体为蚀退(侵蚀);大于2 m等深线总体为淤进(淤积);两个断面上坡度2~5 m等深线之间最陡,随着水深加大,坡度逐渐变缓,不同年份趋势基本一致。 相似文献
10.
利用 1935年、1962年、2005年和 2010年 4个年份的水深地形资料,基于 GI S 技术采用数字化定量冲淤计算和
10m 特征等深线叠加分析,结合实测水文泥沙资料,探讨了象山港口门浅滩冲淤动态趋势。结果表明： 1935-2010年的 75
年间,象山港口门浅滩经历了略微冲刷或冲淤接近平衡、轻微淤积和缓慢淤积的动态调整过程,年均淤积速率 1. 41 cm/ a;东
北和西南两翼边界 10 m 特征等深线分别以年均速率 2. 0 m/ a外移和 0. 2 m/ a内移。近几年来,受所在陆域和梅山岛局部岸段
较大规模围涂造地岸线外移影响,该浅滩淤积速率较明显增加。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
19.
Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
20.
The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献