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1.
军曹鱼人工育苗饵料投喂技术的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了军曹鱼Rachycentron canadum幼鱼(初始体重10g左右)的日摄食节律及不同摄食水平条件下鱼体的化学组成、特定生长率和食物转换率,以此确立人工育苗过程中军曹鱼幼鱼的适宜投饵时间和和投饵水平。研究结果表明,军曹鱼幼鱼具有明显的昼夜摄食节律,摄食主要在白天进行,以早晨(06:00—08:00)和傍晚(18:00—20:00)最为活跃,形成一天中的2个摄食高峰,夜间基本不摄食。由此可见军曹鱼幼鱼的摄食节律属白天摄食偏晨昏性类型。在饥饿、3%、6%、9%和饱食(指日投饵干重占试验鱼初始体重的百分比)摄食水平条件下,军曹鱼幼鱼鱼体蛋白质和脂肪含量随摄食水平的增加呈增长趋势,在6%摄食水平组脂肪含量出现大幅下降,在3%—饱食摄食水平时蛋白质含量变化不明显。军曹鱼幼鱼的湿重、干重和蛋白质特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈减速增长趋势,两者间的关系表现为对数函数形式:SGRw=3.876 ln(RL 1)-3.716,SGRd=5.107 ln(RL 1)-5.24,SGRp=5.561 ln(RL 1)-5.609,9%和饱食摄食水平组特定生长率无显著差异;脂肪特定生长率随摄食水平的增加而线性增长:SGRL=1.731RL-7.702。食物湿重、干重、蛋白质和脂肪转换率随摄食水平的增加均呈先升后降的变化趋势,9%摄食水平组有最大值,约为最大摄食水平的70%。因此,军曹鱼幼鱼投饵应在白天进行,适宜投饵时间为早晨和傍晚2个摄食高峰期,这个生长阶段的军曹鱼幼鱼当投喂鳗鱼配合饲料时其适宜投饵水平约为最大摄食水平的70%。 相似文献
2.
以ZnSO4·7H2O为锌源,用锌添加量为0、20、40、60、80和100mg/kg的实验饲料投喂斜带石斑鱼12周,研究其对斜带石斑鱼生长、饲料效率、矿物质含量和体组成的影响.结果表明,各实验组的增重率,饲料效率,存活率和全鱼、脊椎骨、鳞片的锌含量无显著差异.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的锰含量均随着饲料中锌的添加而降低,锰和锌存在明显的拮抗关系.全鱼的铁含量随着饲料中锌的添加而降低.全鱼、脊椎骨和鳞片的钙、磷、镁含量均不受饲料中锌含量的影响.饲料中添加锌对全鱼水分、灰分,肌肉水分、脂肪,形态学指标,红细胞比容和血红蛋白含量没有显著影响.饲料中不添加锌时,全鱼的蛋白、脂肪和肌肉的蛋白、灰分含量较低.实验结果表明基础饲料中33mg/kg的锌已经满足斜带石斑鱼生长的需求,能使鱼体锌达到饱和. 相似文献
3.
不同脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在10%和18%两个脂肪水平下,分别添加0%、1.5%的胆汁酸,配制成四种等氮饲料,投喂初始平均体重为(45.78±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼8周,研究两个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成和脂肪代谢的影响。结果表明:饲料脂肪水平升高或添加胆汁酸均能显著提高大菱鲆幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率,降低饵料系数(P0.05);相同脂肪水平下,添加胆汁酸显著提高了实验鱼的生长,降低了肝体比(P0.05)。随着饲料脂肪水平的升高,组织中粗脂肪含量呈上升的趋势;而添加胆汁酸降低了组织中脂肪的蓄积,但全鱼与肌肉中水分、粗蛋白含量主要受饲料中胆汁酸水平的影响(P0.05)。胆汁酸能显著降低大菱鲆幼鱼肌肉PUFA含量(P0.05),增加SFA、MUFA含量。饲料添加胆汁酸能降低实验鱼血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性(P0.05),但饲料脂肪水平对血液生化指标的影响呈相反趋势。饲料脂肪水平的升高或添加胆汁酸均能提高实验鱼肝脏脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶、总脂酶和肠道脂肪酶活性(P0.05),且胆汁酸和脂肪二者之间的交互作用对脂肪代谢有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,在2个脂肪水平下添加胆汁酸均能促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,提高饲料利用状况,促进脂肪消化吸收,降低组织中粗脂肪含量。 相似文献
4.
进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料蛋白质水平对3个不同生长阶段大黄鱼体内蛋白质沉积和代谢反应相关指标的影响。实验用大黄鱼分为3种规格,分别是小规格鱼(SF,初始体重:(12.80±0.08)g)、中规格鱼(MF,初始体重:(137.90±0.81)g)和大规格鱼(LF,初始体重:(194.10±2.37)g)。饲料中的7个蛋白质梯度设置为30.4%,34.2%,38.5%,42.2%,46.0%,50.3%和54.3%。结果表明,随着饲料蛋白质水平的上升,SF的蛋白质含量和氮保留率显著升高(P0.05),而MF和LF的全鱼蛋白质含量(BP)和氮保留率(NR)未见显著变化(P0.05)。从不同生长阶段来看,氮保留率MF显著低于SF和LF(P0.05)。3个生长阶段,大黄鱼肝脏中的谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性,以及血清中的血氨、尿素氮和总氨基酸含量均随着饲料蛋白质水平的上升而显著升高(P0.05)。从不同生长阶段来看,血氨含量MF显著高于SF和LF(P0.05)。研究表明,大黄鱼体内蛋白质沉积和氨基酸代谢随饲料蛋白质水平的上升而增强,大黄鱼的氮保留能力MF阶段低于SF和LF阶段。 相似文献
5.
为确定金鼓鱼(Scatophagus argus)日粮中蛋白质的适宜添加量,作者以酪蛋白为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,配制脂肪水平为8%,蛋白水平分别为24%、28%、32%、36%、40%的5种配合饲料(D1~D5),在海上网箱中以初始体质量为4.3 g左右的幼鱼开展养殖实验。8周后,测定实验鱼增质量率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数、消化酶和一些免疫及抗氧化指标。结果显示,随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,金鼓鱼的增质量率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率等均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,以D3组最高,3项指标均显著高于D1、D2组;饵料系数呈现先下降再上升趋势,以D3组最低,且显著低于D1、D2组。饲料蛋白水平也显著影响金鼓鱼的相关生理生化指标,其中D3和D4组的全鱼蛋白含量、消化道蛋白酶活性和一些免疫抗氧化指标最高,全鱼脂肪含量最低。根据饲料蛋白含量与增质量率的线性回归分析,确定金鼓鱼幼鱼饲料中的适宜蛋白水平为35%。 相似文献
6.
《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(4)
采用Comell方法研究了初始重为（2．0±0．1）g的重口裂腹鱼幼鱼日粮中常量营养物质的适宜需求量。日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别为33％-51％、3％-18％和24％-33％,试验周期为60d。试验结果表明,除日粮蛋白质33％组鱼成活率明显下降外（P〈0．05）,其它试验日粮中3种常量营养物质含量对重口裂腹鱼幼鱼成活率没有显著影响（P〉0．05）。当日粮蛋白质水平≤45％时,其特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平上升而明显增加;当日粮蛋白质水平在33％-36％时,重口裂腹鱼的特定生长率显著降低（P〈0．05）。除12％日粮脂肪组试验鱼外,9％日粮脂肪组试验鱼的特定生长率显著性高于其它脂肪水平日粮组（P〈0．05）,但当日粮中脂肪含量≥15％后,重口裂腹鱼鱼体脂肪含量显著上升（P〈0．05）,肝细胞脂肪变性明显。日粮中不同的碳水化合物水平对重口裂腹鱼特定生长率没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但当日粮中碳水化合物为33％时,鱼体糖原含量显著增加（P〈0．05）。试验表明,重口裂腹鱼幼鱼日粮蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物3种常量营养物质的适宜需求量分别为45％、9％和≤30％。日粮总能为19．0MJ／kg,蛋白质能量比（P／E）为23mg／J。 相似文献
7.
以初始体重为(13.0±0.3)g的斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)为实验对象,用铜添加量为0、1、3、5、10和20mg/kg的实验饲料投喂斜带石斑鱼8周,研究斜带石斑鱼的铜需求量。结果表明,饲料中添加0—20mg/kg铜对石斑鱼生长、饲料效率、存活率、形态学指标和红细胞比容没有显著性影响。随饲料铜水平的上升,斜带石斑鱼全鱼和肝脏的铜含量呈先上升后平稳的趋势,当饲料铜添加量达到或超过3mg/kg时,石斑鱼全鱼和肝脏的铜含量趋于平稳。折线模型表明,饲料中铜总含量为5—5.5mg/kg时,石斑鱼全鱼和肝脏的铜含量能够达到饱和。当饲料中铜总含量≥6.00mg/kg时,全鱼的铁、锰、锌含量显著下降。因此,根据全鱼和肝脏铜含量的折线模型分析,考虑到饲料铜对全鱼铁、锰、锌含量的影响,作者认为当基础饲料铜含量为1.50mg/kg时,饲料中的最适铜添加量为3mg/kg,饲料中铜总量为5—5.5mg/kg左右。 相似文献
8.
黄斑蓝子鱼幼鱼对蛋白质和脂肪适宜需要量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用酪蛋白为蛋白源、鱼油为脂肪源,配制脂肪含量为8%而蛋白水平分别为24%、28%、32%、36%和40%,以及蛋白含量为32%而脂肪水平分别为3%、6%、9%和12%的9种配合饲料,对黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)幼鱼开展8周的生长试验,以研究其对蛋白质和脂肪的适宜需要量。结果显示,饲料中的蛋白质和脂肪含量对蓝子鱼的生长性能、饲料利用率及鱼体生化成分等都有一定的影响。蛋白水平过高(40%)或过低(24%)的饲料组鱼的生长效果较差;32%蛋白水平组鱼的增质量率和蛋白质效率最好、且显著高于其他各组,而饲料系数显著低于其他各组。鱼体的蛋白质含量随着饲料蛋白水平的增加而呈上升趋势,但水分、粗脂肪和灰分的含量不受影响。3%~9%脂肪水平组鱼的增质量率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率相互间无显著差异,但它们的增质量率及蛋白质效率显著高于12%脂肪水平组鱼,而饲料系数正好相反。肝体指数和鱼体脂肪含量随着饲料脂肪水平的增加而升高,但鱼体的蛋白质和水分含量受饲料脂肪水平的影响不大。3%脂肪水平组鱼的成活率较低。根据增质量率及蛋白质效率与饲料蛋白水平的二次回归分析,获得蓝子鱼幼鱼对蛋白质的适宜需要量为29.01%~34.37%;综合考虑上述指标,认为蓝子鱼幼鱼饲料中脂肪的适宜添加量为6%~9%。 相似文献
9.
海水养殖罗非鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：12
1998年4月28日—6月24日和5月20日—7月14日分别在汕头大学南澳海洋生物实验站研究了杂交罗非鱼停喂(简称绝食)或限量投喂(简称限食)后的补偿生长，探讨了杂交罗非鱼补偿生长的生物能量学机制。结果表明，海水养殖杂交罗非鱼在饱食状态下的能量收支为100C=32.8G+50.8R+15.3F+1.1U。在恢复生长期间，对照鱼的食物能和代谢能高于绝食鱼或限食鱼，但其单位体重的食物能、代谢能、生长能、粪能和排泄能均明显低于补偿生长的绝食鱼或限食鱼，绝食或限食后海水养殖杂交罗非鱼的能量收支模式未发生明显变化。 相似文献
10.
通过监测泥蚶不同组织器官镉含量的变化及构建相应泥蚶镉排出动力学模型,研究了投喂两种饵料微藻——海水小球藻(Chlorella salina)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)成贝镉排出的影响。结果表明:投喂饵料微藻对泥蚶外套膜、鳃、内脏团和肌肉的镉排出均有明显促进作用(P0.05),且投喂混合藻种的效果优于投喂单一藻种。经10d暂养净化后,泥蚶不同组织器官的镉排出率大小依次为内脏团鳃外套膜肌肉,其中投喂混合藻时可食用部分(即肌肉部分)的镉排出率和动力学模型拟合得到的排出速率均比不投喂饵料微藻的对照高出1倍左右[30.02%vs16.13%;0.036μg/(g·d)vs0.017μg/(g·d)];同时,通过上述动力学模型还可算得,投喂饵料微藻的泥蚶体内镉的生物半衰期可比对照组缩短14—22d,其食用部分预期达标时间可缩短12—13d。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献