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孔石莼外植体再生及发育途径的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将孔石莼 (UlvapertusaKjellm)野生种和“不育株”突变体的叶状体切成1cm2 以下大小不同的片段培养 ,发现再生情况和外植体大小存在密切关系。在5mm×5mm以下的片段中 ,90%以上的细胞都出现了再生 ,表现为3种发育途径 :形成球形的原生质体 ,经丝状体而成叶状体 ;产生游动细胞 ,也经过丝状体而成叶状体 ;细胞原位分裂 ,形成球状体或管状体 ,呈现礁膜属和浒苔属的特征。5mm×5mm～10mm×10mm的片段 ,除边缘的1～2层中有极少量细胞形成游动细胞和球形原生质体外 ,其它细胞没有变化。将由片段再生形成的小叶状体采到紫菜苗网上 ,经过一年的海区养殖 ,长成1m长的叶状体 相似文献
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采用在人工模拟潮间带生态环境中养殖多年的龙须菜藻体,经７０％乙醇、ａＣｌＯ或低光等逆境胁迫后,培养新生直立枝,研究匍匐体类愈伤组织的诱导及机制。结果表明,刷落２－４ｍｍ长的新生直立枝培养３０天后,基部出现由丛生太体组成的类愈伤组织。丝状体能够固着、分化,不断分裂形成匍匐体。这是除孢子外,首次从江蓠体细胞获得有固着能力的再生苗。该再生苗弥补了营养枝繁殖中须人工固着的缺点。ＥＬＩＳＡ测定内源激素含量结 相似文献
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坛紫菜体细胞的几种发育途径 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以坛紫菜(Porphyra haitaneusis)叶状体为材料,利用单细胞克隆技术,研究记录坛紫菜体细胞的发育途径。本文选择介绍了坛紫菜体细胞3种途径8种发育方式:1)多数体细胞的叶状体途径:A通过极性分裂直接形成单细胞苗;B通过叶状分裂成苗;C先形成细胞团后形成畸形苗;2)来自雌、雄叶片未成熟区域体细胞的性细胞途径:D发育形成精子囊并放散精子;E单细胞发育形成类似果孢子囊结构再放散果孢子,果孢子萌发成丝状体;3)来自雄叶片体细胞的丝状体途径:F单细胞发育至多细胞团,放散后萌发成丝状体;G经过不断分裂形成愈伤组织,直接形成丝状体;H分裂成2细胞后,一个细胞侧面突起发育成丝状体。 相似文献
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坛紫菜和拟线形紫菜的原生质体融合及培养 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
应用PEG 法和电融合法进行了坛紫菜和拟线形紫菜的原生质体融合试验,探讨了PEG 的浓度、处理时间以及洗涤液种类与融合的关系。结果表明,PEG 法的融合率为4.9%～10.2%,电融合率高达32.3%。融合细胞经诱导长成多细胞团的愈伤组织,从愈伤组织上升出小紫菜。 相似文献
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利用琼胶作为唯一的碳源从青岛太平角海域的海水和红藻样品中筛选分离得到一株高产琼胶酶的海洋菌F-6,对其最适的产酶条件,利用琼胶酶分离条斑紫菜的原生质体和原生质体的培养进行研究。结果表明,通过单次单因子和正交实验确定琼胶降解菌株F-6最适产酶培养基配方为(W/V):琼胶0.7%;酵母粉0.3%;蛋白胨0.5%;NaCl2.0%;K2HPO40.1%;CaCl20.02%;MgSO4·7H2O0.05%;FeSO4·7H2O0.002%;起始pH=7.5,最适的发酵产酶条件为:26℃培养36h。经条件优化后,粗酶液的酶活高达631.6U/ml。发酵液经过6000g离心30min得到粗酶液,粗酶液经过8k分离膜超滤,加入1mol/L渗透剂,0.22μm滤膜过滤除菌后降解条斑紫菜组织块,成功地分离得到大量的紫菜原生质体,其产率为3×106个原生质体/g新鲜紫菜组织。原生质体经初步培养发育成愈伤组织,其成活率为60%。 相似文献
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本文以坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis Chang et Zheng)雌雄配子体为材料,酶解得到单细胞并再生培养,研究雌雄配子体体细胞发育途径以及不同部位(根丝段、基部、中部、顶部、成熟区)单细胞发育途径.结果表明,坛紫菜雌雄配子体体细胞发育途径大致相同,但存在一定差异,表现为雌性配子体体细胞发育成果孢子囊,少数体细胞直接发育成类孢子囊枝;而雄性配子体体细胞发育成精子囊,并能释放精子,极少数体细胞发育成类果孢子囊.单细胞再生研究显示,配子体体细胞发育方向受细胞所处部位影响,不同部位体细胞由于其分化程度不同,发育成不同类型的再生体.随着细胞所在藻体部位的上移,正常叶状体和根丝细胞叶状体比例均下降,畸形叶状体的比例下降或无明显差异,丝状体的比例逐渐增加. 相似文献
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江蓠原生质体分离和培养的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以江蓠Ｇｒａｃｉｌａｒｉａｖｅｒｒｕｃｏｓａ（Ｈｕｄｓ．）Ｐａｐｅｎｆｕｓｓ为材料,用微生物发酵法提取的琼胶酶成功地分离到江蓠的原生质体,经初步培养,原生质体发育为愈伤组织,为江芳江生物工程研究和育苗利用提供了可能。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献