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1.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):49-56
Genetic variability of the Kunene horse mackerel Trachurus trecae and the Cape horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus capensis was examined using starch gel electrophoresis of enzymatic proteins on individuals collected along the Angolan coast. Six polymorphic enzyme loci were found in both species. The idh-2* locus displayed differences between the two species, and several alleles at different loci exhibited different allele frequencies between the two species, indicating that they are genetically different. Significant differences found in the distribution of allele frequencies between Kunene horse mackerel from the Benguela region of Angola indicated that this species consist of more than one randomly mating population in Angolan waters. 相似文献
2.
Fifteen proteins encoded by 23 gene loci were electrophoretically surveyed in two samples of snapper Chrysophrys auratus (Forster) from Wellington Harbour and the Hauraki Gulf. Between 17% and 26% of the loci examined were found to be polymorphic and the proportion of heterozygous loci per individual was 7.9% to 8.4%. Using Rogers’ genetic distance coefficient an overall similarity of 0.98 was calculated between the two samples. Three polymorphic loci Est‐4, Gpi‐1, and Idh were examined in an additional 10 samples from around New Zealand. Two genetically distinct stocks were apparent: one along the west coast, the other along the east coast of the North Island. There was an indication of stock mixing at Ninety Mile Beach and in the Bay of Plenty and East Cape. The distribution of alleles at the Est‐4 locus revealed a third stock in Hawke Bay that is genetically more similar to the west coast than the east coast stock. Hydrological conditions in Hawke Bay are more similar to those of the west coast than to those of the north east coast of the North Island. Thus it is possible that Est‐4 alleles are selectively maintained in response to an environmental factor. 相似文献
3.
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were obtained for the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea using 1 205 expressed sequences tags (ESTs) from the NCBI database. Primers for 48 ESTSSR loci were designed and screened with 30 P.crocea specimens captured from Guanjingyang sea area in Fujian Province of China. Sixteen of the loci were polymorphic, which were amplified with 3 to 11 alleles per locus and the mean of 6.13. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.091 to 0.844 (mean 0.544) and from 0.118 to 0.892 (mean 0.644), respectively. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.115 to 0.866 (mean 0.593). The results for cross-species amplification of the 16 large yellow croaker EST-SSRs on P. polyactis, C. niveatus, C. lucidus, A. argentatus and J. belengeri revealed that 14, 12, 11, 7 and 6 loci were successfully amplified with 1 to 10 alleles with an average of 4.5 per locus, respectively, which are suitable for population genetics studies of these species and useful for phylogenetic relationship analysis among these species. Overall, this study provides a set of type I markers for population genetics studies and genome mapping for large yellow croaker and its closely related species. 相似文献
4.
Genetic architecture of three Turbinella pyrum varieties (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southeast coast of India 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mootapally Chandra Shekar Sabapathy Arularasan Neelam M. Nathani Galib Uz Zaman Chaitanya G. Joshi 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):588-598
The genetic diversity and variation of three pseudo‐species of the commercially important Indian conch Turbinella pyrum from the southeast coast of India were studied. A total of 88 individuals was genotyped at 12 loci and differences in the genetic diversity among genetic groups were correlated with known population histories. The study identified 535 alleles and all the studied loci were highly polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged between four and 29 with a global mean of 14.861. The global means of the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.774 and 0.891, respectively. The estimated within‐population inbreeding value (FIS = 0.131) indicated a shortfall of heterozygosity in the populations. An analysis of molecular variance showed that 5% of the total variation was due to differences between genetic groups. The Bayesian approach revealed strong distinctiveness in the three genetic groups studied. Overall microsatellite analysis revealed less genetic diversity in all studied genetic groups and significant genetic variation among the three pseudo‐species. The study highlights the significant distinctiveness of the pseudo‐species of T. pyrum and the need for appropriate conservation efforts in order to prevent further losses of their genetic diversity. 相似文献
5.
Specimens of blue moki Latridopsis ciliaris (Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from New Zealand were shown to differ from specimens of copper moki Latridopsis forsteri (Castelnau, 1872) using two genetic methods—allozymes and muscle proteins. Allozyme techniques revealed fixed differences between blue and copper moki at 4 out of 15 loci. There was a genetic distance of 0.31–0.34 between population samples of the two colour morphs. The two morphs were also distinguished by iso‐electric focusing of muscle proteins. Meristic characters, counted in the specimens studied with genetic markers, revealed diagnostic markers in tubed lateral line scales and scales in the lower transverse series. It is concluded that specimens of blue moki from New Zealand and copper moki from New Zealand and Tasmania are valid species. 相似文献
6.
采用基于高通量测序平台的SLAF-seq技术开发蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)微卫星标记,从获得的1 450个四至六碱基重复微卫星位点中随机挑选93个位点进行引物合成和多态性检测,最终开发出31个多态性微卫星标记.群体遗传学检测结果表明,31个位点的等位基因数为4~29(均值13.48),观测杂合度(Ho)为0.281~0.875(均值0.650),期望杂合度(He)为0.557~0.958(均值0.838),多态信息含量值(PIC)为0.456~0.939(均值0.803),表明所开发的31个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性.Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,17个位点符合HWE("哈迪-温伯格"平衡),且各位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象.跨物种扩增结果显示,分别有27、20、20、18、9个微卫星标记在颌圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)、长身圆鲹(Decapterus macrosoma)、无斑圆鲹(Decapterus kurroides)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)及金带细鲹(Selaroides leptolepis)中具有较好的通用性.本研究开发的多态性长碱基重复微卫星标记可为蓝圆鲹渔业资源的科学管理和保护提供有力的遗传学评估手段,亦可为圆鲹属和鲹科鱼类系统进化研究提供新的分析手段. 相似文献
7.
利用已发表的EST序列设计引物并结合PCR筛选的方法,对许氏平鲉多态EST-SSR引物进行了开发。结果表明:(1)许氏平鲉EST-SSR位点发现率为9.14%,核心序列以二碱基重复出现频率最高,占到33.03%,其中以TG/CA基序最为丰富。(2)共设计引物56对,46对实现有效扩增,其中18对具有多态性。(3)野生群体遗传多样性分析显示,每个位点观测等位基因数(Na)为2—9,平均观测等位基因数为3.89;观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)及平均值分别是0.0333—0.8000、0.0333—0.7927和0.3037、0.3757;每个位点的多态信息含量(PIC)在0.0323—0.7522之间,其中高度多态位点5个,中度多态位点5个;经Bonferroni校正后,3个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,但两两位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象。(4)许氏平鲉多态EST-SSR引物对朝鲜平鲉、褐菖鲉通用性检测结果表明,引物对二者的通用率和多态率分别为88.89%、100.00%和33.33%、88.89%。研究表明,这些通用引物可用于相关物种的遗传多样性评价、系统进化分析和比较基因组作图等研究。 相似文献
8.
为了解许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)微卫星标记与生长性状的相关性,选取26个微卫星标记在海捕许氏平鲉群体中进行微卫星筛选,每个微卫星位点的等位基因数(Na)在3~21,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.1815~15.5676;观测杂合度(Ho)范围为0.0417~0.9999;期望杂合度(He)范围为0.1581~0.9456;多态信息含量(PIC)范围为0.1509~0.9320。利用单标记分析法分析了多态性较高(PIC0.5)的22个标记与体长、体质量、体高的相关性,结果显示3个标记与生长性状显著相关,其中HJ2-32与体长、体质量和体高显著相关(P0.05),并推断等位基因D与C对于体质量、体长、体高分别具有重要的正向与负向影响;HJ7-2与体质量显著相关;HJ7-22与体长显著相关,并推测等位基因F对体长具有正向影响,等位基因B对体长有负面影响。这些标记可为许氏平鲉分子标记辅助育种提供基础。 相似文献
9.
采用FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP Sequences Containing repeats)技术和磁珠富集方法开发拟穴青蟹微卫星位点.结果表明,400bp以下长度的序列含微卫星的概率超过400bp以上长度的序列;从二碱基重复类型到五碱基重复类型,完美型微卫星的概率在增加.利用设计的28对引物扩增一个供试群体,其中12对引物能稳定扩增且片段大小基本符合理论长度,10个微卫星位点表现出高度多态性,9个微卫星位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P＜0.05),两组两两位点间存在连锁不平衡现象(P＜0.0042,经Bonferroni法校正).Micro-Checker分析揭示其中的5个微卫星位点可能存在无效等位基因.排除混合微卫星位点的引物对以及扩增位点PIC值在0.5以下的引物对,8对引物能用于拟穴青蟹群体遗传学等研究. 相似文献
10.
利用6个微卫星位点研究了9个马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)养殖家系的遗传结构,为后续育种工作提供了指导。从60对引物中筛选出6对能够稳定扩增且多态性较好的引物。6个微卫星位点在9个家系中共检测到17个等位基因,每个位点等位基因数(A)为2~4个,平均2.833个。6个位点在9个家系上的有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值为2.030~2.632,平均杂合度观测值(Ho)为0.4306~0.6354,平均杂合度期望值(He)为0.4380~0.5962。家系间遗传分化系数(FST)为0.0749。采用NJ法进行聚类分析显示,9个家系分为明显的两支,根据遗传距离计算结果, F7和F9家系之间的遗传距离最近, F11与F12家系遗传距离最远。结果表明,9个家系的遗传多样性和遗传分化处于中等水平,可以考虑F11与F12家系杂交,以期获得较好的杂种优势, F11自交培育出遗传稳定的优良家系。 相似文献
11.
以黄口荔枝螺转录组测序所得到的拼接序列为基础,利用MISA软件进行微卫星分析,利用Primer5.0设计引物160对。结果显示,83对引物能够成功扩增,引物在黄口荔枝螺渔山列岛群体多态性检测中发现,37个SSR位点能够表现出多态性,一共获得了129个等位基因,各位点等位基因数为2~5个,平均每个位点等位基因数为3.49个,观测杂合度H_o,期望杂合度H_e,多态信息含量PIC范围分别介于0.000~0.800、0.146~0.645、0.139~0.573之间,有9个表现为高度多态,20个表现为中度多态,8个表现为低度多态。实验结果进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测后,利用Bonferroni correction法进行校正,有29个位点显著偏离,结果表明渔山列岛黄口荔枝螺群体总体遗传多样性水平较低。 相似文献
12.
为充分挖掘绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus modestus)基因组资源,开发可用于群体遗传学研究的分子标记,本研究利用NCBI数据库中公布的绿鳍马面鲀全基因组序列筛查微卫星位点并在野生群体中验证,在85个选取的位点中筛选得到30个新的多态性较高的微卫星标记。每个微卫星标记的等位基因数为4~16,平均为8.5个;观测杂合度范围为0.207~0.916,平均值为0.685;期望杂合度范围为0.315~0.971,平均值为0.756;多态信息含量范围为0.301~0.898,平均值为0.716,其中属于高度多态的位点有26个,占总位点数的86.67%;经过Bonferroni校正后,有7个位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。将30个绿鳍马面鲀多态性微卫星标记在丝背细鳞鲀(Stephanolepis cirrhifer)中进行通用性检测,其中13个位点成功扩增,9个位点具有多态性。本研究开发的微卫星标记可用于绿鳍马面鲀及相关物种的遗传多样性分析、QTL定位以及系统进化等研究。 相似文献
13.
为确定三种胡子鲶(胡子鲶Clarias fuscus、两栖胡子鲶C.batrachus和革胡子鲶C.lazera)的遗传变异及系统分类关系,采用淀粉凝胶电泳技术比较了三种胡子鲶4个样本的30—31个基因座位。每个座位观测到的平均等位基因数(Na)为1.01—1.39;多态座位百分比P_(0.99)为3.33—16.13％,平均杂合度观测值(Ho)为0.004—0.072;期望值(He)为0.004—0.064。3个种的遗传变异均较小,其中以革胡子鲶的遗传变异较其它两种大。两栖胡子鲶因采样的限制和养殖群体的奠基者效应而引起多态基因座位减少。4个样本的遗传相似性(I)和遗传距离(D)的比较,表现了3个水平的进化趋异;1)胡子鲶的两个没有生殖隔离的群体间的比较,彼此具有高度的遗传相似性(I=0.999);2)胡子鲶和两栖胡子鲶这对姐妹种间的比较,尽管它们在形态上难以分辨,但在遗传上仍有11个基因座位各具种的特异性;3)外表区别明显的种间比较,彼此表现了很大的遗传分异(D=0.999和0.818)。可见胡子鲶与两栖胡子鲶之间的系统分类关系较它们与革胡子鲶间的关系更密切。 相似文献
14.
A wild and a cultured greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) population were compared for biochemical genetic variation at seven polymorphic and four monomorphic allozyme loci. Significant heterozygote deficiencies were observed for all polymorphic loci (La—1, La—2, Lap, Lgg—1, Lgg— 2, Pgi, and Pgm) for both populations (except the Pgi locus of the wild mussel population). Genotypic disequilibrium was calculated for both populations: genotypic frequencies were significantly non‐random at three pairs of loci among the wild mussels, and significantly non‐random at three different pairs of loci among the cultured mussels. All six pairs of loci which exhibited significant genotypic disequilibrium involved amino‐peptidases, suggesting that these loci form a linkage group, and that neither the Pgi nor the Pgm loci are associated with this group. Exact tests for population differentiation based upon population‐specific allele distributions indicated that four of the polymorphic loci were significantly heterogeneous among the two populations, whereas the remaining three polymorphic loci were not. Based upon the private allele system, the number of migrants (N m) between the populations was estimated to be 2.009, which, according to the private allele system, represents a high level of gene flow. These findings are discussed with regard to the population biology and genetic structure of this species. 相似文献
15.
Protein and enzyme variation in 2 populations of the mud crab Macrophthalmus hirtipes (Jacquinot, 1853) (Ocypodidae) from 1 marine and 1 estuarine habitat were investigated by poly‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis. A survey of 24 loci revealed that 22 were common to both populations; 20 were monomorphic and 2 were highly polymorphic. Two alleles were detected for each of the polymorphic loci, esterase‐2 (EST‐2) and ester‐ase‐3 (EST‐3). The frequencies of the EST‐3 alleles were similar in the 2 populations. However, the frequencies of the 2 EST‐2 alleles in the estuarine population were significantly different from those for the marine population. Expression of 1 locus, esterase‐4 (EST‐4) was confined to the estuarine population. Two alkaline phosphatase loci (AKPH‐1 and AKPH‐2) were detected in the estuarine population, but only AKPH‐1 was found in the marine population. EST‐4 and AKPH‐2 were neither sex nor age specific. These interpopulational genetic differences may reflect differences in environmental conditions measured between the 2 habitats. 相似文献
16.
An (AC)n-microsatellite-enriched library for Larimichthys crocea was constructed in this study. Primers for fifty simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were synthesized and genotyped on 30 L. crocea individuals from Guanjingyang wild population (WP) in Fujian Province and 38 individuals from Ningbo cultured population (CP) in Zhejiang Province. Only 21 loci were successfully amplified and polymorphic in two populations. In WP, the observed heterozygosity (H_O ) ranged from 0.233 to 0.900 and the expected heterozygosity (H_E ) ranged from 0.326 to 0.893, with an average of 7.8 alleles/locus, the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.283 to 0.866 (mean 0.731). In CP, the H O ranged from 0.189 to 0.892 and the H E ranged from 0.333 to 0.800, with an average of 4.4 alleles/locus. The probability test showed significant departures from HWE in 9 and 2 of the 21 loci in WP and in CP, respectively. Deficiency of heterozygotes at four loci showed the presence of null alleles (P <0.01). The PIC of 20 microsatellite loci in WP were greater than 0.50. Overall, these novel markers are potentially useful for the study of population genetics, construction of genetic linkage and quantitative trait loci maps in large yellow croaker. 相似文献
17.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对广西北海、福建漳港和江苏启东3个西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata (Spengler))自然群体杂合性进行了研究.共检测分析了7个酶,获得12个位点,25个等位基因.其中4个位点是多态的,分别是Sod-1、Mdh-1、Est-1、Est-3,这些位点分别有1～7个等位基因.结果表明,福建漳港群体的Sod-1和Est-1位点、广西北海群体的勋Sod-1位点符合Hardy-weinberg平衡(P>0.05);江苏启东群体的多态位点中所有位点、福建漳港群体的Mdh-1、Est-3位点,广西北海群体的Mdh-1、Est-1、Est-3位点均非常显著偏离Hardy-weinberg平衡(P<0.01).另外,除了江苏启东和福建漳港群体的Est-1位点表现出杂合子缺失(F>0)外,各群体中每个位点均表现出杂合子过量(F<0).结合各群体中每个多态位点的观察杂合度和期望杂合度,认为中国东南沿海西施舌的种质资源状况良好. 相似文献
18.
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)微卫星标记的分离及近缘物种通用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用磁珠富集和PCR筛选相结合的方法,得到12对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)的多态性微卫星引物。每个位点的观测等位基因数为2—15个,有效等位基因数为1.0339—8.8063个;观测杂合度(Ho)为0.0333—1.0000,平均观测杂合度为0.7525;期望杂合度(He)为0.0333—0.9020,平均期望杂合度为0.6866;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.0320—0.8680。所有位点中,有8个位点属于高度多态位点(PIC0.5),SC1-5和SC4-6属于低度多态位点(PIC0.25);经Bonferroni校正后,无显著偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡的位点;连锁不平衡检验结果表明,位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象。此外,分析了这些引物在近缘种长竹蛏(Solen strictus)、大竹蛏(Solen grandis)和小刀蛏(Cultellus attenuatus)的通用性情况,结果显示:长竹蛏中,位点SC1-4、SC2-8、SC3-1、SC3-14表现出了高度多态(PIC0.5);在大竹蛏中,位点SC3-4、SC3-7、SC4-6表现出了高度多态性(PIC0.5),SC2-9为低态位点(PIC0.25);在小刀蛏中,位点SC1-7、SC2-9、SC3-4、SC3-14表现出了高度多态性(PIC0.5),SC4-6为低态位点(PIC0.25)。 相似文献
19.
探究横带髭鲷(Hapalogenysanalis)的种质资源情况以及群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构,对于其增养殖实践尤为重要。微卫星分子标记在研究物种种质情况及遗传信息方面有很大优势。采用基因组survey测序方法开发横带髭鲷微卫星位点,结果表明,横带髭鲷基因组大小为543Mb;微卫星位点丰富,共检测到280 378个完美型微卫星位点,相对丰度为415.17个/Mb。二核苷酸重复是最丰富的微卫星类型(56.05%),其次为单核苷酸(29.20%)、三核苷酸(10.28%)、四核苷酸(2.99%)、五核苷酸(1.03%)、六核苷酸(0.45%)重复,短序列重复类型占95.53%。重复单元中A/T, TG/CA为优势重复单元,分别占总微卫星位点数的22.37%和21.98%;10次重复和6次重复的微卫星位点数量最多,占横带髭鲷基因组微卫星总数的14.60%和12.46%。利用筛选出的20对多态性微卫星位点扩增一个供试群体进行群体遗传学检测。结果表明,各位点等位基因数从5到13不等,均值为8.75个;平均观测杂合度(Ho)和期望杂合度(He)分别为0.808和0.863;多态信息含量(PIC)均... 相似文献
20.
《Oceanologica Acta》2003,26(1):121-128
Molecular polymorphisms (allozyme and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP)) were investigated in the mullet specie's Liza ramada and Liza saliens to determine levels of genetic variability and assess possible correlations between the population genetic structure and the specie's adaptability to shallow water environments. The thinlipped (L. ramada) and the sharpnose (L. saliens) mullets are diadromous species that enter coastal lagoons during early life stages to complete growth previous to sexual maturation. Bi-monthly samples (n = 30–50) were collected in the period 2000–2002 in different sites of the Sacca di Goro (Po river delta) and a nearby aquaculture lagoon (Valle Bertuzzi). Biochemical analyses were carried out by means of starch gel electrophoresis (SGE) on 24 genetic loci corresponding to 15 gene–enzyme systems. In addition, molecular species-specific AFLP (15 primer combinations) were obtained by means of capillary electrophoresis. The degree of allozyme variability determined at three polymorphic loci, GPI-A, GPI-B and G3PDH in L. saliens and L. ramada (polymorphic loci P = 0.08; mean heterozygosity H = 0.010–0.022) and AFLP diversity (P = 0.110–0.430), seems lower than the one reported in the literature for ecologically similar teleost species. The identification of diagnostic alleles at GPI-A, G3PDH, AK-2, CK-A, CK-B, AAT, IDH, PGM-1, PGM-2 loci in the two mullet species was used for the taxonomic classification of L. saliens and L. ramada. Molecular taxonomy (allozyme and AFLP) demonstrated that the presence of small individuals inside the lagoons previously identified according to morphological characters has often been misinterpreted. The results are discussed in relation to the adaptive role of genetic variation and the migratory characteristics of Mugilidae. 相似文献