共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 68 毫秒
1.
为提高对虾养殖过程中的饵料利用率并减少养殖废水的排放,作者以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为实验对象,研究了不同饵料种类、投喂方式、体质量、充气量、光照强度、水温及盐度对其相对摄食量的影响。结果表明:配合饲料组对虾的相对摄食量显著高于冰鲜虾肉组;连续单颗投喂时对虾的相对摄食量较高;相对摄食量随对对虾体重升高而显著(P0.01)下降,而且不同规格的对虾在竞争条件下平均相对摄食量会降低;充气量6 L/min组对虾的相对摄食量明显高于另外两组;弱光环境下对虾的相对摄食量较高;水温和盐度对相对摄食量的影响极显著(P0.01),在32℃时对虾获得最大相对摄食量,在盐度为5时相对摄食量最小,高盐度下组间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在实际生产中应采取少量多次的投饵策略,并根据环境条件的变化合理的调整投饵量。 相似文献
2.
实验生态条件下研究十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的急性毒性胁迫对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Branchionus plicatilis)运动行为与摄食行为的影响,探讨可用以表征胁迫-响应的生物标志物。结果表明:(1)BDE-209胁迫24h显著性增加了褶皱臂尾轮虫的运动抑制率,由此得到24h半数有效抑制浓度(24h-EC_(50))为9.084mg/L,但未达到半数致死作用;(2)当分别以四种海洋微藻:小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)、等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana)和小新月菱形藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)为单一饵料来源时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对四种饵料单胞藻的滤水率(F)和摄食率(G)均随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,呈现出明显的浓度依赖性,说明BDE-209胁迫能显著抑制褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食作用。(3)将其中三种微藻等生物量混合投喂时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对三种微藻的滤水率和摄食率与单一饵料投喂条件相比均发生变化,且对各种微藻的选食率(Sr)和摄食总生物量均随着胁迫时间和浓度的增加呈下降趋势,选择性指数(Si)发生变化,对小球藻的摄食选择性最高。滤水率的变化较其它指标更敏感,可用以指示浮游动物在个体水平上响应外源环境变化的标志物。结果表明,BDE-209胁迫能有效改变褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食与选食行为,且其最适宜的饵料是小球藻。 相似文献
3.
三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤繁殖与生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用实验生态的方法,探讨三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)对太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)繁殖及其生化指标的影响.实验结果表明,三角褐指藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤产卵量和卵的孵化率均具有抑制作用,随着投喂时间的增加,太平洋纺锤水蚤的产卵量由15.02±3.15 ind/d下降到3.25±3.15 ind/d(p<0.05),其卵的孵化率由22.88%±2.49%下降到14.84%±1.20%(p<0.05).而投喂亚心形扁藻的太平洋纺锤水蚤其产卵量和卵的孵化率与对照组无显著差异(p>0.05).投喂三角褐指藻后,太平洋纺锤水蚤的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力相对于投喂亚心形扁藻的增加了20.94±0.04μg/mg,其谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活力增加了15.812±1.240 U/mg.这表明相对于亚心形扁藻,三角褐指藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤的抗氧化性酶具有诱导作用. 相似文献
4.
奥利亚罗非鱼饥饿后补偿生长对血液理化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
设计了3种不同的奥利亚罗非鱼摄食类型:A组(鲜活饵料组)、B组(饥饿3周后饱食投喂组)和C组(人工饲料组),研究了奥利亚罗非鱼在不同的摄食类型下血液生理生化指标变化的情况,并试图解释补偿生长时快速生长的机理。实验结果表明,B组补偿生长期间(后2周)的增重率和特定生长率显著高于C组的(P<0.05),高于A组的;B组第4周时血清总蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、钙离子、胆固醇、甘油三脂、血红细胞、血红蛋白与第3周的相比显著上升(P<0.05),且上述指标除碱性磷酸酶外,均高于同时期A组和C组的,因此认为,上述指标的升高促进了细胞的合成代谢,从而实现了补偿生长时的快速生长。 相似文献
5.
研究了不同饵料种类(小沙丁鱼肉-NSF,鳗鱼配合饲料-CEFF,海水鱼配合饲料-CMFF)和摄食水平(从饥饿至饱食)对军曹鱼 Rachycentron canadum 幼鱼(平均初始体重约28g)生长和氮收支的影响,并建立了不同饵料种类时的生长-摄食关系和氮排泄-摄食关系.结果表明,投喂3种不同饵料的军曹鱼幼鱼湿重、干重和氮特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势,其中,投喂NSF和CEFF组的特定生长率与摄食水平之间表现为减速增长曲线,投喂CMFF组的表现为直线;饱食时,投喂NSF和CEFF组的特定生长率接近而明显高于投喂CMFF组.投喂NSF和CEFF组的食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而增长或呈先增长后下降的趋势,在饱食或次饱食(约为饱食量的70%)摄食水平组有最大值,而投喂CMFF组的食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而持续增长,在饱食摄食水平时有最大值;除食物湿重转化效率外,投喂NSF组的食物转化效率最高,其次为投喂CEFF组,而两者均明显高于投喂CMFF组.3个饵料组的军曹鱼幼鱼摄食氮、排粪氮、生长氮和排泄氮均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势;投喂NSF和CEFF组的摄食氮、生长氮和排泄氮明显高于投喂CMFF组,而投喂CMFF组的排粪氮最高,其次为投喂CEFF组,且两者明显高于投喂NSF组.军曹鱼幼鱼投喂NSF、CEFF和CMFF时饱食和次饱食摄食水平的氮收支方程分别为:100CN=1.1(0.9)FN+27.0(29.3)GN+71.9(69.8)UN、100CN=5.2(4.3)FN+27.0(28.7)GN+67.8(67.0)UN和100CN=9.9(8.4)FN+21.6(10.1)GN+68.5(81.5)UN(氮收支方程括号中的为次饱食数据);3个饵料组军曹鱼幼鱼饱时和次饱食时摄食氮中用于排粪的比例较小且变化不大,投喂NSF和CEFF组次饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例较饱食时略大而用于排泄的比例较饱食时略小,但投喂CMFF组饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例明显高于而用于排泄的比例明显低于次饱食摄食水平时.因此,军曹鱼幼鱼的氮排泄和氮收支方程受摄食水平和饵料种类双重因素的影响,但不管投喂何种饵料,摄食氮增大是导致鱼类氮排泄增加的主要原因.综合考虑生长、食物转化效率、氮排泄和氮收支方程各因素,军曹鱼由幼鱼优先选择投喂的饵料为NSF,其次为CEFF,在本实验的生长阶段,两者的适宜投喂水平以占饱食量的70%-100%为佳. 相似文献
6.
采用生理生态学方法,研究了中华原钩虾(Eogammaruspossjeticus)对黄海绿潮原因种浒苔(Ulva prolifera)及海水池塘4种优势大型海藻,即肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、线形硬毛藻(Chaetomorphalinum)和丝毛藻(Cloniophorasp.)的摄食率,比较了对浒苔与其他不同类型饵料(包括人工饵料)的摄食,开展了不同密度的中华原钩虾对浒苔的现场摄食研究。结果显示,中华原钩虾的摄食率、饵料吸收率与海藻的含水量成呈正相关,表明该端足类存在明显的补偿性摄食行为。对不同类型饵料的摄食结果显示,中华原钩虾除了摄食海藻,对豆粕、虾饲料等人工饵料也具有较高的饵料吸收率,表明其可人工投喂培育。中华原钩虾具有一定摄食节律,夜晚摄食量高于白昼,表明夜晚投喂有利于中华原钩虾摄食,可减少饵料污染,有利于清洁生产。现场摄食实验结果显示,中华原钩虾摄食量随养殖密度的增加而增加,但其摄食率和存活率与养殖密度呈负相关,表明高密度时中华原钩虾竞争摄食增加了饵料消耗,同时中华原钩虾为抵抗养殖密度过高造成的竞争而增加能量等消耗。 相似文献
7.
2013年4月29日至2013年11月21日全部采用人工配合饲料对松江鲈鱼仔、幼鱼进行了投喂研究,在水温18.2~22.6℃的室内循环水中,松江鲈鱼通过升索S1~S8苗种料投喂,体重由平均0.084g/尾增至23.55g/尾,体长由平均1.95cm增至12.45cm;最大个体体长14cm,体质量33.5g;最小体长8cm,体质量14.5g。研究表明:仔鱼开口摄食外源性营养时,应以投喂卤虫幼虫为主,逐步减少卤虫幼虫,增加S1人工饲料,直至养到2cm左右,全部采用人工配合饲料喂养松江鲈鱼达到成熟规格完全可行,其平均日增长量0.115g/尾,饲料系数平均为1.1,总特定生长率(SGR)为2.76%d~(-1)。期间定时测定养殖水体的温度、pH、盐度、DO、COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐等水质指标均在正常范围内。实验还表明,在盐度范围20.3~27.1的条件下松江鲈鱼可以养至成熟规格。 相似文献
8.
饲料中高水平铜对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)生长和铜、铁、锰、锌含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用铜适量(4.47mg/kg)和铜过量(1127.51mg/kg)的两种饲料投喂初始体重为(12.9±0.2)g的斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)8周,研究饲料中过量铜对斜带石斑鱼生长性能、形态学指标、体组成和鱼体微量元素含量的影响。结果表明,当饲料铜含量由4.47mg/kg升高到1127.51mg/kg时,斜带石斑鱼增重率由228%下降到63%,饲料效率由1.12下降到0.51,肠脂比由2.90%下降到1.69%。全鱼和肝脏中的铜含量均随饲料铜水平的增加而显著增加,斜带石斑鱼全鱼铜含量由2.98mg/kg上升到34.98mg/kg,肝脏铜含量由36.6mg/kg上升到1364.0mg/kg。但饲料中过量铜对斜带石斑鱼的存活率、鱼体肥满度、脏体比、肝体比和全鱼体组成没有显著性影响。摄食高铜饲料的斜带石斑鱼肝脏锌含量显著升高,锌可能在铜的解毒过程中起着重要的作用。 相似文献
9.
为研究饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素对中华绒螯蟹成体雌蟹育肥效果的影响,分别在饲料中添加不同浓度的人工合成β-胡萝卜素,配制五组实验饲料(β-胡萝卜素测定含量分别为3.3、56.7、108.9、207.9和320.0 mg/kg)投喂生殖蜕壳后雌蟹,评价了饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素对增重率(WGR)、性腺指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、常规生化组成、抗氧化和免疫指标、色泽参数和类胡萝卜素含量的影响。结果显示:(1)饲料中添加人工合成β-胡萝卜素对雌蟹育肥期间的WGR、GSI和HSI均无显著影响,但饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素显著增加了中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中总脂含量;(2)就抗氧化和免疫指标而言,肝胰腺和血淋巴中SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px、AKP和ACP免疫相关酶活均随着饲料中β-胡萝卜素添加量的增加呈“先增加后降低”的变化趋势,饲料中β-胡萝卜素含量为100～200 mg/kg时,组织中抗氧化和免疫相关酶活最高;(3)卵巢、肝胰腺和蟹壳中虾青素和β-胡萝卜素含量均随着饲料中β-胡萝卜素添加量的增加而显著增加,但饲料中添加β-胡萝卜素仅显著增加了卵巢和肝胰腺红度值(a*)。综上,饲料中添加人工合成... 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(2)
以初始体重(9.19±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼为研究对象,研究玉米蛋白粉部分替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织游离氨基酸含量及氨基酸分解关键酶基因表达的影响。设计2种等氮、等能的实验饲料组:鱼粉对照组(FM)和玉米蛋白粉替代45%鱼粉蛋白组(CGM),分别饱食投喂大菱鲆幼鱼30天。研究表明:与FM组相比,CGM组大菱鲆幼鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率、以及蛋白质和脂肪沉积率显著降低,且全鱼粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量也显著降低(P0.01),但CGM组的全鱼水分和灰分含量显著高于FM组(P0.01)。CGM组血浆总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量均较FM组显著降低(P0.05)。大菱鲆摄食CGM组饲料后,其血浆和肌肉游离氨基酸含量均较FM组显著降低,且肌肉氨基酸降幅度更大(P0.05)。CGM组肠道支链α-酮酸脱氢酶二氢硫辛酸转乙酰基酶(BCKD-E2)mRNA表达量较FM组显著升高。结果表明:玉米蛋白粉替代45%鱼粉蛋白显著抑制了大菱鲆幼鱼的生长,降低了饲料效率,影响了鱼体营养物质的组成和代谢,加快了肠中氨基酸的分解代谢,降低了组织游离氨基酸的平衡性和总量。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
14.
15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献