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1.
分析研究了南海北部大陆架西南缘的海南岛东南外海海底沉积物声学物理特性,在多个航次中进行了海底沉积层取样、海水CTD测量、浅地层及旁侧声呐扫测等工作.在实验室里对沉积物样品进行声学参数、沉积学基本参数、物理力学参数和14C年龄测试等分析.根据多尔特曼公式求解出弹性模量、体积弹性模量、压缩系数、切变模量、泊松比和拉梅常数等六项沉积物弹性参数.分析结果表明在该海区海底沉积物的压缩波速为1.474~1.700 m/s,在不同的海区内有高低声速两类性质的沉积物分布;沉积物的切变波速为150~600 m/s;沉积物在100 kHz的声衰减为35~260 dB/m;沉积物的密度为1.4~2.0 g/cm3;沉积物的孔隙度为42%~88%.  相似文献   

2.
通过对海洋沉积物声速及其物理-力学参数相关性的初步分析和研究,可以找到估算沉积物压缩波速Vp和切变波速Vs的经验式,最终为海底沉积物的性质进行声学遥测、为发展海底参数声遥感服务。本文给出了7个较为理想的回归方程。沉积物的物理参数与Vp有密切的关系;力学参数对Vs的预报有较大的作用。若增加物理参数作为修正项,其效果更佳。  相似文献   

3.
采用压电陶瓷弯曲元法和共振柱试验的方法对采自我国海域的一些典型海底浅表层沉积物样品进行了剪切波速测试,获得首批可信数据.两种方法所测得的剪切波速数据具有很好的一致性,且在数赫兹至数十千赫兹频段范围内剪切波速不具明显弥散性.剪切波速与沉积物类型关系密切,不同海区和不同类型海底沉积物的剪切波速有明显差异.近海较细颗粒沉积物粉砂的剪切波速在100m/s左右,细颗粒沉积物的剪切波速在100m/s以下;陆架较粗颗粒沉积物的剪切波速最大,超过100m/s;深海、半深海细颗粒沉积物的剪切波速最低,小于50m/s.剪切波速与含水量、密度、孔隙度、塑限和液限等沉积物物理参数之间具很好的相关性,反映了剪切波速和物理性质之间的密切关系.剪切波速与压缩波速呈正相关性,但在不同的波速范围剪切波速随压缩波速的变化有很大不同.  相似文献   

4.
海底沉积物声学物理力学性质聚类分析研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Stoll、Hamilton等分别从理论和实测方面出发研究海底沉积物声学与物理力学性质关系,这两类研究都是将声学性质作为独立性质从沉积物的物理性质中提取出来,以两者作为因果关系进行研究,割裂了其内在统一性.本文不试图建立声学与物理力学性质的经验方程,而是综合考虑海底沉积物声学、物理力学性质,对南海大陆坡和人陆架沉积物进行聚类研究,分析南海海底沉积物共有的性质.研究表明聚类分析方法为海底沉积物性质研究提供了一种有效的分类手段,通过聚类,得出如下结论:(1)声速与孔隙度、密度等物理力学性质存在着明显的单调相关性,可以通过某些物理力学参数来预报沉积物的声速,同时可以通过测量沉积物声速反演沉积物的某些物理力学参数;(2)海底沉积物的声速和地文单元、沉积物的颗粒成份组成有关;(3)火陆坡黏土质粉砂、粉砂、砂质粉砂和大陆架粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂的压缩波速依次增大,切变波速依次减小;(4)海底沉积物声学与物理力学性质聚类分析研究,可以作为海底沉积物的声学探测的参考依据.  相似文献   

5.
采用弯曲元剪切波测试方法对在南黄海中部采集到的沉积物样品进行了剪切波速度测试,基于所获得的剪切波速度数据,分析了研究区沉积物剪切波速度特性及分布规律。分析表明,沉积物剪切波速度为12.05~74.55m/s,总体相对较低。浅表层沉积物剪切波速度呈现出分区域分布特征,可分为东北部低速区、西南部高速区、北西-南东向梯度带以及测区东南部的低速背景上的串珠状高速异常区四个区域。通过回归分析,建立了剪切波速度与密度、含水率、孔隙比、孔隙度、液限、塑限、压缩系数、抗剪强度等沉积物物理力学参数之间相互关系的经验回归公式。回归分析结果表明,海底沉积物剪切波速度与上述物理力学参数之间均具有较好的相关性,相关系数R均大于0.80。  相似文献   

6.
砂土是主要的海底沉积物类型之一,明确砂质沉积物声学与物理性质的关系对海底底质和地层探测至关重要。本文利用超声探测仪和自制的试样制备测试装置,模拟制备不同沉积状态的砂土试样,同步开展超声测试和物理性质测试,探讨砂质沉积物声速测试方法及影响因素,揭示砂质沉积物压缩波速与物理参数的内在联系。试验结果和分析表明:换能器接触管壁的间接测量方法中,声波多路径传播可显著影响沉积物声速测量的准确性,而换能器接触试样的直接测量方法可避免这一影响;30 kHz至100 kHz的不同频率对压缩波速测量结果没有明显影响。砂质沉积物的压缩波速与密度、孔隙度、含水率有较好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.87、0.86、0.84,并且随密度的增大而增大,随孔隙度、含水量的增大而减小。砂质沉积物的压缩波速与中值粒径的相关系数小于0.6,对物质组成不敏感。另外,与声速相比,砂质沉积物的声阻抗与密度、孔隙度、含水量的相关性更高。砂质沉积物压缩波速对饱和度非常敏感,例如,饱和度从0.971增至0.994时,压缩波速从393.3 m·s-1急剧增大到748.5 m·s-1,需特别注意。  相似文献   

7.
根据南黄海中部海底沉积物柱状样的实验室土工试验测试结果,分析沉积物的物理特征,并通过实验室方法获得沉积物压缩波速,探讨物理参数与压缩波速的相关关系,得到经验公式。结果表明:该区域沉积物以淤泥和淤泥质黏土为主,具有含水率高、孔隙比大、塑限高等特征;物理参数与压缩波速之间有较好的相关关系,密度、孔隙比、含水率、塑限、液限及塑性指数与压缩波速的相关性最明显,其中,密度与压缩波速成正比相关关系,而孔隙比、含水率、塑限、液限和塑性指数与压缩波速成反比相关关系;以沉积物天然密度和塑性指数为自变量的双变量回归分析方程能更好地表达沉积物物理特性与压缩波速的相关关系。  相似文献   

8.
中国东南近海海底沉积物声学物理性质及其相关关系   总被引:20,自引:3,他引:17  
在获得的数据资料基础上,发现了中国东南近海海底沉积物声学物理参数的平面分布规律,通过对这些参数的回归分析以及对声速和沉积物密度的估计,建立了经验公式。结果显示,中国东南近海海底沉积物的基本声学物理特性如下:沉积物类型多样而且复杂,从黏土到砂砾有13个颗粒组分组合;沉积物物理力学参数变化范围较大;沉积物声学性质相对于附近海域的数据变化范围更大。这些都与海底沉积环境、沉积物来源、沉积条件和沉积作用过程有关。该项研究有助于建立海底地声模型及开展应用。  相似文献   

9.
本文通过对南海海底沉积物样品的声学物理参数和沉积粒度特征统计分析,发现了高、低含砂量沉积物的声学物理特征存在明显差异,建立了海底沉积物的含砂量与压缩波速度、孔隙度、含水量和密度等经验公式,分析了含砂量变化与沉积物的体积压缩模量和密度变化的关系,从声速理论基础上阐明了含砂量变化引起沉积物压缩波速度变化的内在原因是含砂量变化引起了体积压缩模量和密度发生了变化,说明了含砂量增大引起沉积物压缩波速度增大的内在原因是含砂量增大引起了体积压缩模量变化量大于密度变化量,从而在数据统计和理论分析结合基础上,论证了含砂量是影响海底沉积物压缩波速度的重要因素之一。这一研究对声学方法反演海底沉积物粒度参数和沉积物类型、地声参数转换模型的建立,以及对水声反演海底和海底资源勘探等方面都具有重要理论意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

10.
根据2014年在南中国海开展声学试验的定深爆炸宽带声信号数据进行海底地声参数反演.考虑到不同海底声参数对不同声场物理参数的敏感程度不同以及不同海底声参数对不同反演方法的敏感程度亦不同,综合应用2种反演方法得到不同底质声参数:(1)根据接收的直达波和海底反射波计算得到关注海域的海底反射系数进而反演得到海底声阻抗;(2)实验海区的海底地形为大陆坡,选取Hamilton总结的关于沉积物声速与沉积物密度关系的经验公式,结合沉积物声阻抗与沉积物声速、沉积物密度的关系,进而反演得到沉积物声速和沉积物密度.沉积物声学参数的取样测量是在实验室条件下进行的,温度为23℃,大气压1×105Pa,由于沉积物孔隙海水是决定沉积物声速的关键且受温度压强变化的影响显著,本研究利用沉积物声速与孔隙海水声速的比值即使在温度压强变化的情况下较稳定的特点,可对沉积物声速在实验室条件和海底原位条件进行校正.校正到海底温度和压强后,反演结果与沉积物取样的实测结果和Hamilton总结的结果吻合得相当好:(1)声阻抗的反演结果为2.065 6×10~5g/(cm2·s),修正后的沉积物取样结果则为2.046 0×10~5g/(cm~2·s),Hamilton总结的结果为2.238 0×10~5g/(cm~2·s);(2)声速的反演结果为1 482.6m/s,修正后的沉积物取样结果为1 467.5 m/s,Hamilton总结的结果为1 502.8 m/s;(3)密度的反演结果为1.393 2 g/cm3,沉积物取样结果为1.400 0 g/cm~3,Hamilton总结的结果为1.489 0 g/cm3.  相似文献   

11.
 Near-surface sediment geoacoustic and physical properties were measured from a variety of unconsolidated carbonate sediments in the Lower Florida Keys. Surficial values of compressional and shear speed correlate with sediment physical properties and near-surface acoustic reflectivity. Highest speeds (shear 125–150 m s-1; compressional 1670–1725 m s-1) are from sandy sediments near Rebecca Shoal and lowest speeds (shear 40–65 m s-1; compressional 1520–1570 m s-1) are found in soft, silty sediments which collect in sediment ponds in the Southeast Channel of the Dry Tortugas. High compressional wave attenuation is attributed to scattering of acoustic waves from heterogeneity caused by accumulation of abundant shell material and other impedance discontinuities rather than high intrinsic attenuation. Compared to siliciclastic sediments, carbonate sediment shear wave speed is high for comparable values of sediment physical properties. Sediment fabric, rather than changes due to the effects of biogeochemical processes, is responsible for these differences.  相似文献   

12.
Geoacoustic inversion requires a generic knowledge of the frequency dependence of compressional wave properties in marine sediments, the nature of which is still under debate. The use of in situ probes to measure sediment acoustic properties introduces a number of experimental difficulties that must be overcome. To this end, a series of well-constrained in situ acoustic transmission experiments were undertaken on intertidal sediments using a purpose-built in situ device, the Sediment Probing Acoustic Detection Equipment (SPADE). Compressional wave speed and attenuation coefficient were measured from 16 to 100 kHz in medium to fine sands and coarse to medium silts. Spreading losses, which were adjusted for sediment type, were incorporated into the data processing, as were a thorough error analysis and an examination of the repeatability of both the acoustic wave emitted by the source and the coupling between probes and sediment. Over the experimental frequency range and source-to-receiver (S-R) separations of 0.99-8.1 m, resulting speeds are accurate to between 1.1% and 4.5% in sands and less than 1.9% in silts, while attenuation coefficients are accurate to between 1 and 7 dBm in both sands and silts. Preliminary results indicate no speed dispersion and an attenuation coefficient that is proportional to frequency.  相似文献   

13.
This paper describes measurements of sediments during the 2000-2001 Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment in the East China Sea. A number of techniques were used to infer properties of these sediments, including gravity and piston cores, subbottom profiling using a water gun, long-range sediment tomography, and in situ measurement of conductivity. Historical data from echosounder records and cores showed two regions of surficial sediments in the experimental area: a silty area to the west and a sandy area to the east. The tomography, cores, and water-gun measurements confirm the two surficial sediment regions seen in the historical data and also indicate that the subbottom structure at the experimental site consists of a thin (0-3 m thick) layer of sandy sediment directly beneath the sea floor. Below this layer, there is an extensive package of sediment with relatively uniform acoustic attributes. Core analysis shows that the surface sediment layer varies in compressional wave speed from a low near 1600 m/s in the west side of the experiment area to 1660 m/s in the east side of the experiment area. Long-range sediment tomography inversions show a similar spatial variation in the surface layer properties. In addition, the layer thickness as determined from tomography is consistent with the estimates from subbottom profiling.  相似文献   

14.
海底松散沉积物声学性质原位测量实验研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
分析研究了国内外海底松散泥沙的声速和声衰减系数测量的研究现状,并据此研制了海底表层沉积物声速声衰减系数原位测量系统。利用原位测量系统分别在实验室和海滩对不同粒度的沉积物进行了测量分析,得到了不同粒度沉积物的声速和声衰减系数。数据分析表明,沉积物的声速和声衰减系数与沉积物的粒径有密切的关系,粒径越粗,声速越高,声衰减系数越大。通过沉积物声学性质研究,可以开发海底浅层沉积物声学性质原位测量技术,提高相关海洋调查的速度和效率。  相似文献   

15.
Acouso-physical properties of sea floor sediments in the southeast offshore sea area of Hainan Island on the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea are analyzed. In many cruises, conductivity-temperature-depth measurements of seawater, measurements of shallow stratum and side-scan sonar have been made. Acoustic parameters, basic sedimentary parameters, physical-mechanical parameters and 14C age, etc., have been measured. The sediment elastic parameters, including Young's modulus, bulk modulus, constrained modulus, rigidity modulus, Poisson's ratio, Lames constant, etc., have been calculated. Results show that the compression wave velocity of the seafloor sediment in the sea area ranges from 1474–1700 m/s, and there are high and low sound velocity sediment types in the different sea areas; the shear wave velocity is 150–600 m/s; at 100 kHz the sediment sound attenuation is 35–260 dB/m, the sediment density is 1.4–2.0 g/cm3; the sediment porosity is 42–88%. Sound field parameters and describing sound reciprocity between sea and seafloor are described.  相似文献   

16.
High-resolution seismic survey and sediment core sampling were conducted to investigate acoustic characteristics of gas-bearing sediments in Jinhae Bay, the southeast of Korea. The sediment in Jinhae Bay is mostly homogenous mud deposited after the Holocene transgression. Along with the 410 km of chirp seismic profiling, five piston core samples were collected on the track lines.

Gassy sediments are common and occur widely in the bay. Core samples were analyzed for sediment texture, physical properties (porosity, water content, bulk density, and grain density), acoustic properties (compressional wave velocity and attenuation), and electrical resistivity. X-radiograph image analysis was also performed to observe the shape of degassing cracks. There is no significant downcore variation on physical and sediment textures regardless of existence of gas bubbles. However, compressional wave velocity dramatically decreases from average 1480 to 1380~739 m/s for the cores that penetrate the gas-bearing zones. This is probably due to degassying cracks that developed by escaping gases and free gas bubbles that are still trapped in the cores. Electrical resistivity is the only geotechnical property that increases in the gas-bearing zone where compressional wave velocity abruptly decreases. This indicates the possibility of using both electrical resistivity as an index variable as well as to compressional wave velocity to identify gassy sediment microstructure because there are little changes in texture and composition of sediment.  相似文献   

17.
This study was undertaken to investigate the implication of geoacoustic behaviors in the shallow marine sediments associated with the changes in geotechnical index properties. Two piston cores (270 cm and 400 cm in core length) used in this study were recovered from stations 1 and 2, the western continental margin, the East Sea. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to illustrate the effects of microstructure on shear properties. The direct SEM observation of sediment fabrics is inevitable to understand the correlation of the changes in geoacoustic properties to the sediment structure. The consolidation of sediments by overburden stress resulting in the clay fabric alteration appears to play an important role in changing shear properties. Water contents and porosity of sediments gradually decreases with increasing depth, whereas wet bulk density shows a reverse trend. It is interesting to note that shear wave velocities increase rapidly from 8 to 20 m/s while compressional wave velocities significantly fluctuate, ranging from 1450 to 1550 m/s with depth. The fabric changes in sediment with increasing depth for example, uniform grain size and well oriented clay fabrics may cause the shear strength increase from 1 to 12 kPa. Shear wave velocity is, therefore, shown to be very sensitive to the changes in undrained strength for unconsolidated marine sediments. This correlation allows an in-situ estimation of shear stress in the subsurface from shear wave velocity data.  相似文献   

18.
Sediment compressional wave speeds were estimated using broad-band data in range-dependent environments. The environment was assumed as mildly range dependent and was modeled using adiabatic theory. The inversion scheme was based on group speed-dispersion behavior. A genetic algorithm (GA) combined with a neighborhood approach was used for the search. The top layer of sediment was mapped in the shelf region using acoustic data from explosive sources collected on a vertical line array.  相似文献   

19.
Near-surface sediment geoacoustic and physical properties were measured in gas-rich, muddy sediments of Eckernförde Bay, Baltic Sea, and in hard-packed, sandy sediments of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Values of compressional and shear wave velocity are much lower in muddy compared to sandy sediments. The spatial and temporal variability of sediment physical and geoacoustic properties and, as a consequence, the scattering and propagation of high-frequency acoustic waves are primarily related to the presence and absence of free methane gas bubbles at the muddy site and to the abundance and distribution of shell material on sandy sediments.  相似文献   

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