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柄海鞘Styela clava化学成分的研究(Ⅱ) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从采自青岛海域的柄海鞘 Styela clava中分离得到两个化合物 (1)和 (2 )。经过 IR、MS、1HNMR和 13 CNMR等现代波谱学方法 ,确定二者的结构分别为 1- O-十六烷酰 -甘油酯和胸腺嘧啶。它们均为首次从该海域海鞘中得到。 相似文献
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在相同的分离培养条件下,为比较地域差别较大的福建海域海绵动物(山海绵Mycale sp.和网架海绵Stylissa sp.)和海南海域海鞘动物(皱瘤海鞘Styela plicata和乳突皮海鞘Molgula manhattensis)之间可培养放线菌多样性的差异,作者采用5种放线菌分离培养基和1种细菌通用培养基,对海绵和海鞘中的放线菌进行分离培养。采用16S rRNA 基因限制性片段长度多态性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP)分析和序列分析,揭示其多样性。共获得可培养放线菌198株,其中从海绵中分离到87株放线菌,从海鞘中分离到111株放线菌。RFLP分析表现为38种不同的图谱类型。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,从海绵中分离到的放线菌包括6个放线菌属,其中有2株菌的16S rRNA基因序列与最相近的菌株相似性低于97%,可能是潜在的新菌株;从海鞘中分离到的放线菌包括7个放线菌属,有8株可能是潜在的新菌株。比较海绵和海鞘中可培养放线菌的多样性发现,从海绵中分离到的放线菌,除节细菌(Arthrobacter)以外,均包括在海鞘分离的放线菌属中。海鞘相关放线菌多样性水平不容忽视,是除海绵之外另一获得新型放线菌资源以及药用天然活性产物的重要来源。 相似文献
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对采自我国南海海域的厚指海绵Ｐａｃｈ７ｃｈａｌｉｎａ ｓｐ。的化学成分进行了研究。从中分离出１个新的化合物（Ⅰ）。经ＦＴ－ＩＲ,ＭＳ,１ＨＮＭＲ,＾１３ＣＮＭＲ,ＤＥＰＴ等波谱方法鉴定为长链脂及醇某油醚：３－二十七烷氧基－１,２－丙二醇。并应用ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对其舅醇成分进行了鉴定。 相似文献
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本文用ＰＳＵ／ＵＣＡＲ中尺度模式ＭＭＲ对黑潮暖流海域海洋边界层大气的斜压性对我国东南沿海地区局地环流及天气影响的数值模拟分析表明：在有利的大尺度背景风场向岸东风的作用下，我国东南沿海地区夜间可以有海岸锋生成，黑潮暖流影响锋生强度，并使沿海岸一带区域夜间降水增大。 相似文献
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HirogukiArato 《海洋地质前沿》1999,(9)
千叶近海沉积盆地位于日本弧东北部的南部弧前。ＭＩＴＩ（日本国际贸易和工业部）的地震剖面中存在似海底反射层（ＢＳＲ）（图１）。下面讨论其地质背景和成因。１ 千叶近海沉积盆地的ＢＳＲ１９７４年Ｔｅｉｋｏｋｕ石油公司和海湾石油公司在房总半岛东部陆架小于１０００ｍ水深进行了两次地震调查,但没有探测到ＢＳＲ。１９７７年ＭＩＴＩ从较深的位置取得了地震剖面,在称为铫子坡尖的底层、两条地震测线交叉的地方发现了一个ＢＳＲ。图１ 天然气水合物的分布,包括似海底反射层和日本近海的气体水合物分布（据Ｍａｔｓｕｍｏｔｏ等… 相似文献
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ＩＭＡＧＥＳⅢ－ＩＰＨＩＳ航次航段Ⅱ期间,从南海东部巴拉望岛西北海域采集的大型重力活塞岩心ＭＤ９７２１４２中,辨别出１８层多清晰的,界线分明的富含火山灰层。这些肉中辨别的火山灰层厚度为０．５－１０ｃｍ,一般为４ｃｍ。镜下鉴定表明,这些火山灰层由玻璃质,微晶和结晶质组份组成。 相似文献
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寿命较短的Ｏ·－２不能用ＥＳＲ直接检测到,可以ＤＭＰＯ先将其捕获形成自旋加合物后进行ＥＳＲ分析。这种自旋加合物的ＥＳＲ谱线较为复杂,且有变化。本文对ＤＭＰＯ—ＯＯＨ谱线的变化进行了分析。且对谱线变化中出现的ＤＭＰＯ—ＯＨ谱线的来源进行了深入探讨,对与文献报道相左的现象,据实验结果本文提出了新的观点。 相似文献
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ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验（二）孙仲汉，孔杰（国家海洋局海洋技术研究所天津）３ ＩＮＭＡＲｓＡＴ－Ｃ在海洋环境监测系统中应用若干问题的分析和试验３．１关于通信路径的选择在海洋环境监测系统中应用ＩＮＭＡＲＳＡＴ－Ｃ... 相似文献
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Eleni Voultsiadou Marianthi Kyrodimou Chryssanthi Antoniadou Dimitris Vafidis 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The study of epibionts on habitat engineering ascidians is of increasing interest because changes in the population structure of the latter may affect associated communities, especially in the case of commercially exploited species. The solitary ascidian Microcosmus sabatieri lives on rocky cliffs in the Eastern Mediterranean and is harvested in certain Aegean areas. Its hard, wrinkled tunic is usually fouled by various epibionts both sessile and motile. Sponges are an important component of this complex and their biomass may be higher than that of the ascidian itself, strongly affecting diversity and abundance of the motile epifauna. The aim of this study was to examine in detail the structure of the epibiotic sponge assemblage on ascidians collected from their main fishing grounds in the South Aegean Sea. A rich (41 species) and taxonomically diverse sponge assemblage was found, while only eight species contributed 80% of the total sponge cover. Most of the epibiotic sponges commonly grow on the surrounding sublittoral cliffs. The encrusting sponge growth form prevailed in cover of the ascidian tunic, while two massive species dominated in terms of frequency of appearance and abundance. Ascidian dimensions, weight and volume were significantly correlated with sponge diversity, abundance and cover area, thus structuring the epibiotic sponge assemblage. Spatial patterns in sponge cover were not clear, but a general declining NW to SE trend in sponge richness, abundance and cover appeared in accordance with previous records. Sponge distribution on the ascidian tunic presented a clear pattern related with characteristic features of the ascidian: the posterior zone supported the richest and most expansive sponge fauna. The ecosystem-engineering process performed by the ascidian is enhanced by the diverse epibiotic sponge assemblage, thus further increasing habitat complexity in this space-limited, temperate, sublittoral, rocky environment. 相似文献
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Beiras R Bellas J Fernández N Lorenzo JI Cobelo-García A 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(4):531-553
Sediments from three Galician Rias were tested for toxicity using sea-urchin and ascidian sediment elutriate embryo-larval bioassays. Trace metal contents in seawater, sediments and mussels were also determined and subjected to multidimensional scaling methods which grouped stations according to chemical contamination. High metal contents were found in seawater, sediments and mussels from the Ria of Pontevedra, and moderate levels were detected in the Ria of Vigo and Ria of Arousa. The results revealed that samples assessed as toxic, according to the sea-urchin and ascidian embryo-larval bioassays, were among the most polluted by trace metals. A good agreement was reported between ordination plots resulting from applying multidimensional scaling to the chemical data, and the results of the biological endpoints tested. 相似文献
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Eight new species of copepods associated with shallow-water ascidians are described from the eastern coast of Korea. They
are Ascidicola secundus n. sp. from a Pyura sp., Enteropsis nudus n. sp. from Pyura sacciformis (Drasche), Mycophilus capillatus n. sp. from a compound ascidian, Bonnierilla yangpoensis n. sp. from Phallusia cf. nigra Savigny, Janstockia truncata n. sp. from Chelyosoma siboja Oka, Pholeterides pilosa n. sp. from a compound ascidian, Pachypygus spinosus n. sp. from a solitary ascidian, and Paranotodelphys unguifer n. sp. from Ascidia samea Oka. 相似文献
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以海鞘(Ciona savignyi)为研究对象,考察了海鞘血细胞原代培养方法及培养中细菌污染的鉴定和控制.血细胞在培养1 h后贴壁,细胞基本以圆形细胞为主,变形细胞一般呈不规则形.变形细胞存活时间较短,而圆形细胞存活时间较长.对于培养过程中的细菌污染,通过细菌分离、培养和纯培养发现两类菌株检出率较高,均为革兰氏阴性菌.经PCR扩增16S rDNA基因序列片断,结果显示这两类菌株分别属于弧菌属(Vibrio)和施万氏菌属(Shewanella).药敏试验结果显示,弧菌属对氯霉素和环丙沙星等具有较强的敏感性;对施万氏菌属较敏感的药物依次为亚胺培南和氯霉素等.最后比较了几种抗生素组合控制血细胞培养中细菌污染的使用效果,其中氯霉素、亚胺培南加双抗的组合有较好的抑菌效果并对培养细胞的贴壁和生长没有影响. 相似文献
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Biotic consequences of a shift in invertebrate ecosystem engineers: Invasion of New Zealand rocky shores by a zone‐forming ascidian 
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下载免费PDF全文 The pervasive effects of invasive ecosystem engineers, that is those species that modify their environment, are well documented, but rarely have the broader impacts of one foundation invertebrate species being replaced by another been examined. In New Zealand, green‐lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, commonly dominate wave‐exposed rocky shores. The recent appearance of an invasive ecosystem engineer, the ascidian Pyura doppelgangera, at the very northern tip of New Zealand now threatens to exclude these bivalves from this habitat. Here, we report major shifts in assemblages associated with the invader and chronicle its continued spread. We examined epibiota associated with clumps of mussels and clumps of Pyura from two rocky shore habitats—pools and emergent substrata at two locations. We detected some differences in species richness in biota associated with the two foundation species, but faunal abundance only differed between the locations. These minor changes were dwarfed by the shift in species composition within clumps of each foundation species. Molluscs, particularly gastropods, and crustaceans dominated the assemblage within mussels. In contrast, tubicolous polychaetes dominated the fauna associated with the ascidian. Sessile epifauna, notably barnacles and calcareous tube‐dwelling polychaetes, were common on mussels, but never encountered on the ascidian. Multivariate analysis revealed marked dissimilarity (>80%) between the characteristic mussel and ascidian faunas with virtually no overlap. This biotic shift overshadowed any differences between habitats and locations. The broader implications of these faunal shifts for local and regional patterns of biodiversity, as well as ecosystem function, remain unclear, but deserve further attention. 相似文献
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Peter J. Smith Mike Page Sean J. Handley S. Margaret McVeagh Merrick Ekins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):347-355
A colonial ascidian was first reported by marine farmers in Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand in early 2005 and subsequently found on oyster racks in Parengarenga Harbour and the Bay of Islands. The Northland ascidian was identified with a combination of morphological characters and DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, as Eudistoma elongatum, a species native to Australia, where it is found from northern New South Wales to Northern Queensland, and distinguished from Eudistoma circumvallatum, the only reported species in this genus from New Zealand. Ascidian larvae are weak dispersers and long distance dispersal of E. elongatum is likely to be enhanced by vectors such as oyster barges and/or movement of cultured oysters. In its native range, E. elongatum is restricted to areas with a minimum winter sea temperature of 16°C. Assuming similar biological limitations apply in New Zealand, the spread of E. elongatum might be restricted to northern New Zealand (north of latitude 37°S). 相似文献
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The genetic structure of the exotic ascidian Styela plicata (Tunicata) from Italian ports,with a re‐appraisal of its worldwide genetic pattern 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ferruccio Maltagliati Lisa Lupi Alberto Castelli Federica G. Pannacciulli 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):492-502
The pleated ascidian Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823) is a solitary species commonly found in ports and marinas around the world. It has been recorded in the Mediterranean region since the mid‐19th century. In the present work, the species’ genetic diversity was analysed, employing a 613‐bp portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from 149 individuals collected in 14 ports along Italian coasts at spatial scales ranging from 1 to approximately 2200 km. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were h = 0–0.933 (total h = 0.789) and π = 0–0.145 (total π = 0.0094), respectively. A general southward trend of increasing within‐population genetic diversity was observed. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant genetic structuring but no significant differences were detected among basins, and no isolation by distance was found. Our data were integrated with the COI sequences available from previous studies and re‐analysed in order to investigate the possible routes of introduction of this ascidian into the Mediterranean Sea. The presence of the two COI haplogroups detected in previous molecular investigations on S. plicata at intercontinental spatial scale was confirmed in the Mediterranean Sea. The results revealed multiple introductions of S. plicata, although some locations appear to have experienced rapid expansion from few founding individuals with reduced genetic diversity. However, continuous introductions would confound the pattern deriving from single founder events and make it difficult to estimate the time needed for gene diffusion into established populations. This mixing of effects creates difficulties in understanding the past and current dynamics of this introduction, and managing this alien invasive ascidian whose genetic structure is continuously shuffled by vessel‐mediated transport. 相似文献
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脊椎动物的起源是进化生物学研究的核心问题之一,目前人们普遍认为脊椎动物与无脊椎动物中的脊索动物起源于同一个原始祖先。头索动物文昌鱼和尾索动物海鞘是现存的无脊椎动物中和脊椎动物亲缘关系最近的类群,是研究胚胎发育机制和脊索动物统进化的典型材料。长期以来,文昌鱼一直被认为是脊椎动物的姊妹类群,比尾索动物海鞘更接近于脊椎动物。但最近的研究却有了相反的观点,这导致了脊索动物进化历程之争,引起人们广泛的兴趣和关注。本文介绍这两类原索动物的研究现状,并对它们的进化地位以及作为研究脊椎动物起源的模型进行了探讨。 相似文献
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研究论述了隐虾亚科这一珊瑚礁环境中引人注目的甲壳动物类群与软体动物、海鞘动物、棘皮动物、腔肠动物和海绵动物等海洋无脊椎动物类群之间的共栖关系,并得出此亚科种类的共栖宿主以腔肠动物最多,其余以次为棘皮动物、海绵动物、双壳类软体动物和海鞘类被囊动物,以及每一种隐虾多以某一目的动物为宿主,宿主跨目者很少,跨纲者更少的结论。为该亚科的分类和进化以及珊瑚礁生态学研究提供了重要基础资料。 相似文献
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运用免疫组织化学和化学发光免疫分析方法研究了皱瘤海鞘(Styela plicata)神经递质多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其受体以及性类固醇激素含量与性腺发育成熟的关系.结果显示,DA和5-HT免疫活性定位在脑神经节中大小2种类型的神经细胞,DA免疫活性还定位在不同发育时期神经腺上皮细胞.5-HT受体免疫活性存在于脑神经节小型神经细胞和大生长期神经腺上皮细胞.在小生长期和大生长期性腺中均检测到DA、5-HT及其受体,提示DA和5-HT可能参与调节皱瘤海鞘的性腺发育.皱瘤海鞘为雌雄同体,化学发光免疫分析证实,海鞘性腺能够合成和分泌性类固醇激素,大生长期性腺中雄激素、孕激素和雌激素的含量分别为25.8±0.0、38.9±0.2和14.3±0.6pg/mg,提示性腺既是生殖组织也是内分泌组织.上述发现为证明尾索类海鞘可能像头索类文昌鱼一样,具有原始的生殖内分泌调控轴(脑神经节-神经腺-性腺)提供科学依据. 相似文献