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1.
杭州湾作为典型的高浑浊度海湾,对其水体碳酸盐体系分布特征的研究相对较少。本文基于两个夏季航次(2018年和2019年)获取的调查资料,阐述夏季杭州湾水体中碳酸盐体系参数的空间分布特征,并进一步分析影响溶解无机碳偏离保守混合作用的主要过程及相对贡献。数据结果表明,杭州湾内表层溶解无机碳浓度与总碱度的变化范围分别为1 553～1 964 μmol/kg和1 577～2 101 μmol/kg,略低于长江口(1 407～2 110 μmol/kg和1 752～2 274 μmol/kg),溶解无机碳浓度和总碱度的空间分布受控于淡水与外海水混合的影响,在潮汐作用下,总体呈现出湾内低,向湾外逐渐升高的趋势。影响表层溶解无机碳非保守混合分布的主要过程中,海?气交换降低溶解无机碳浓度,呼吸作用增加溶解无机碳浓度,两个过程对溶解无机碳浓度变化量的贡献分别为(?42.3±11.7)%与(34.2±14.3)%,净效应呈现为相对平衡的状态。通过计算获得表层海水pCO2的平均值为799 μatm (675～932 μatm),海湾总体表现为大气CO2的源。此外,湾内海水碳酸盐缓冲因子的范围为12.8～23.8,对CO2的缓冲能力弱于邻近东海海水(缓冲因子平均值约为11.9),指示其与外部水体的交换可能会降低附近海域的酸化缓冲能力。相对其他河口/海湾而言,杭州湾内高浊度与强潮汐的特点使其湾内水体的碳酸盐体系分布特征具有区域特殊性。 相似文献
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利用高精度的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对2014年1月长江口表层水中溶解铀浓度及其234U/238U比值、2013年3月长江口表层沉积物中各矿物组分的铀含量及其234U/238U比值进行了测定,研究了其空间分布特征和影响因素。结果表明:除了长江径流和海水之外,长江口还有其他的溶解铀来源。水体中过剩铀与悬浮颗粒物浓度呈现显著相关性（r2=0.96）。对长江口表层沉积物进行的序列提取实验进一步表明,水体中悬浮颗粒物或沉积物中可解吸态和碳酸钙结合态铀可以在河口区域释放进入水体,而铁锰氧化物和有机物结合铀比较稳定,不受河口区混合过程的影响。每千克颗粒物或沉积物能够释放约2 μmol颗粒态铀,使其转化为溶解态。然而,铁氢氧化物和细颗粒物的絮凝吸附作用也可使溶解铀同时从河口水体中清除。在低盐度区,铀的清除和添加过程速率相近,使溶解铀呈现暂时的"伪保守"现象:颗粒态释放的铀具有明显低的234U/238U比值,导致水体的234U/238U低于保守混合值。在中高盐度区域,溶解铀呈现明显的富集现象。但是由于水相和颗粒相中的铀交换,可释放颗粒态铀的234U/238U接近溶解铀的234U/238U比值,从而导致水体的234U/238U比值呈现出保守性。长江口颗粒物的铀释放通量为（3.48±0.41）×105 mol/a,约占输入的总颗粒态铀通量（1.80±0.17）×106 mol/a的19.3%。长江口输入东海的溶解铀总通量（河流溶解态铀与河口添加铀之和）为（2.68±0.13）×106 mol/a,约为世界河流入海铀通量的11.7%。 相似文献
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海南万泉河、文昌/文教河河口溶解态铝的分布及季节差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文讨论了2006年12月冬季和2007年8月夏季海南省万泉河、文昌/文教河河流及河口溶解态铝的含量、分布及季节差异。结果发现,万泉河冬、夏两季河流及河口溶解态铝的平均含量分别为(156±127)和(157±97)nmol/L,季节差异不明显。文昌/文教河冬、夏两季河流及河口溶解态铝的平均含量分别为(242±156)和(222±66)nmol/L,冬季溶解态铝的平均含量略高于夏季。万泉河溶解态铝在河海混合初期表现为清除行为,而后表现为保守混合行为,而文昌/文教河则表现出明显的非保守混合行为,在中等盐度区域存在明显外源输入,原因可能是八门湾底沉积物再悬浮过程中释放的影响。部分河流上游采样点由于受到人为活动引起的污水排放的影响,溶解态铝含量明显增加。万泉河、文昌/文教河溶解态铝的平均含量明显低于我国其他及世界主要河流。 相似文献
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基于2014年5—6月对黑潮主流径及毗邻东海陆架海区的调查,研究了该区域水体中无机碳体系参数(p H、总碱度TAlk、溶解无机碳DIC及DIC/TAlk)的垂直与水平分布,在此基础上定量评估了黑潮输入对东海陆架海区无机碳收支的影响。结果表明,黑潮水体中DIC、TAlk与DIC/TAlk总体而言随水深增加而升高,p H降低,综合体现了浮游植物生产、海-气界面交换、有机物降解及Ca CO3溶解等过程的影响;上升流中心站位无机碳参数均受较深层水体上涌影响,与黑潮主流径其它站位略有不同。东海陆架海区外侧站位表层、30m层无机碳主要受台湾海峡暖流影响,高p H、低DIC/TAlk的黑潮表层水影响区域局限于东南部;而在底层,低p H、高DIC/TAlk的黑潮入侵流离开黑潮主流径向正北方延伸并抬升至钱塘江口附近;上升流对无机碳的影响持续至表层,其携带的黑潮中层水因此也可能进入陆架海区。水量模型估算黑潮水在5—10月间跨域陆架边缘向东海陆架区输入溶解无机碳总计58798.9×109mol,净输入达37382.9×109mol,而东海向外输出的无机碳绝大部分经由对马海峡进入日本海。 相似文献
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长江口夏季水体磷的形态分布特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2006年7月至9月"海监49号"科学考察船夏季航次的调查数据,分析了长江口及邻近海域水体中磷形态的平面分布特征及其影响因素,结果表明,调查海域水体各种形态磷平均浓度均为底层高于表层,并呈现出由河口向邻近海域降低的趋势.杭州湾及最大混浊带部分区域水体中以颗粒态磷为主,且颗粒态无机磷为磷的主要存在形态;长江口门及江苏东部近海区域水体中以溶解态磷为主,溶解态无机磷为磷的主要存在形态;舟山群岛东部外海区表层水体以溶解态磷为主,溶解态有机磷为磷的主要存在形态,而底层水体中溶解态磷浓度略高于颗粒态磷,以溶解态无机磷为磷的主要存在形态.水体中颗粒态无机磷与颗粒态有机磷、颗粒总磷与总磷、总磷与悬浮颗粒物均呈非常显著的正相关,说明悬浮颗粒物是颗粒态磷的主要影响因素.调查海域外海区域绝大部分站位水体中溶解态无机磷表层浓度接近或小于浮游植物生长限制的动力学最低阈值,是磷限制或潜在的磷限制区域. 相似文献
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依据2011-08和2012-05的现场调查资料,分析渤海水体有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的光谱吸收特性,研究其分布变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:渤海水体a_(355)的变化范围为0.38~4.15m~(-1),均值为1.33m~(-1),表现为莱州湾渤海湾辽东湾,春季夏季的时空变化特征;表层海水a_(355)的水平分布基本呈近岸及河口区高、远岸稍低的变化规律。光谱斜率S_(275~295)和S_(350~400)的变化范围分别为0.011~0.074nm~(-1)和0.012~0.195nm~(-1),春季整体高于夏季。光谱斜率比S_R的变化范围为0.25~2.25,平均值为0.88,夏季略高于春季,其中春季渤海湾最高,莱州湾次之,辽东湾最低;夏季则莱州湾高于渤海湾。渤海春季水体CDOM主要来源于生物现场生产和底层沉积物再悬浮释放,夏季则主要受陆源径流输入的影响。不同时空条件下CDOM在咸淡水的混合过程中也有着不同的表现,春季多呈非保守行为;夏季莱州湾呈保守行为,渤海湾则呈非保守行为。 相似文献
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九龙江河口区水体中238U、234Th地球化学行为的研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
对采自九龙江河口区盐度介于0～21.97的10个表层水样,铀、钍同位素的测定结果表明,九龙江河口区水体中溶解态的238U含量与盐度之间存在着良好的相关关系,其相关系数可达0.972,表明九龙江河口区水体中的238U呈现保守行为.当S=0时,溶解态234U/238U放射性比值为1.19和1.55(两份水样);而当S=0.90～21.97时,该比值=1.02～1.14,分别呈现河水及河口水铀同位素组成的特征.对于颗粒态铀,其238U含量则介于0.50～9.83×10-3Bq/dm3,且随盐度的增大而呈逐步降低的趋势.九龙江河口区水体中234Th的地球化学行为属于非保守行为,不可逆稳态清除模型计算的结果表明,当盐度介于9.76～17.07时,234Th相对于化学清除的停留时间为6～19d,远低于盐度为0和21.97所对应的停留时间(分别为203d及117d),反映了在该盐度范围内,胶体絮凝沉降对溶解态234Th的快速清除作用. 相似文献
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于2014年10月和2015年6月对珠江口、南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝的分布进行观测,探讨影响其分布及季节差异的主要因素,并以其作为示踪因子探讨潜在的陆源物质跨陆架输送途径。研究结果显示,夏、秋季珠江口盐度为0时溶解态铝的浓度分别为690.0 nmol/L和360.0 nmol/L,在淡咸水混合初期溶解态铝迅速自水体清除,夏季的清除率(55.8%)大于秋季(29.7%)。在南海北部陆坡区域,夏季表层溶解态铝浓度表现为沿纬线方向西高东低的分布特点,秋季则相反;夏、秋季底层溶解态铝浓度均呈现出随着离岸距离增加逐渐降低的分布趋势。秋季溶解态铝浓度的分布与盐度呈现显著的负相关关系,表明其行为近乎保守,陆架混合水及黑潮次表层水等水团混合是影响南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝分布的主要因素。并且以溶解态铝作为示踪因子发现,在21.6~22.2 kg/m^3密度面区间存在自陆架向陆坡方向的跨陆架输送。而夏季陆坡中部受到珠江冲淡水的影响出现低盐水舌,但溶解态铝的浓度相对较低,表现出明显的不保守行为。浮游植物的清除作用是导致夏季陆坡区域溶解态铝分布异常的重要因素。 相似文献
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Diatom succession and silicon removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones: From experiment to modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Estuaries act as filters for land derived material reducing the river input to the coastal zone. Silicon (Si) removal from freshwater which is tightly linked to the growth of diatoms was studied in the estuarine mixing zone where the mixing of freshwater and seawater results in a salinity gradient. Three planktonic diatom species with different origin and salinity tolerance were grown in an artificial salinity gradient. Salinity stress and nutrient depletion led to a specific succession of the three diatoms along the salinity gradient. When available light was increased, diatoms reached higher biomass and the Si removal from water column was more efficient along the mixing. From this experiment, a conceptual model of Si transformations and removal from freshwater was build and applied to an idealized stratified estuary. Sensitivity analysis with varying initial conditions and parameter values pointed transit time of freshwater in the estuary, freshwater and seawater mixing rate and river turbidity as important interactive factors influencing Si removal from freshwater. Other factors like the total amount and the salinity tolerance of diatoms in the upstream river were shown to significantly affect riverine Si removal from the surface layer of an estuary. Finally it appears that Si removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones proceeds in two ways: a first rapid death and sedimentation of planktonic stenohaline diatoms imported from the river and second, the growth and subsequent settling of planktonic euryhaline diatoms of either freshwater or marine origin. 相似文献
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河水径流是海洋营养盐最重要的来源之一。河流排放的营养盐为河口海区自养生物的繁殖提供了重要保证，但是过量的营养盐反会引起海水污染和水域富营养化，从而危及海洋生物的生命活动。研究河口及其附近海域营养盐的分布变化，不仅对了解它们在河水－海水界面的转移规律，而且对河口生态学的研究均具有重要意义，因此日益受到重视(顾宏堪等，1981；王正芳等，1983；林植青等，1984；吕小乔等，1985；沈志良等，1987)。
本文主要对黄河口及其附近海区水中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、氨氮和磷酸盐的分布特征、在河口的转移过程以及它们与浮游植物的关系等进行一些探讨。 相似文献
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本文从地球化学和环境保护的角度,用8180—4Kγ谱仪直接测定方法确定了天然放射性元素U,Ra,Th,~(40)K,及人工核素~(137)Cs的含量,讨论了它们的分布特点及其影响因素,指出了河口区与下游段元素变化的差异及其制约条件。 相似文献
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黄河入海水、沙通量变化对黄河口及邻近海域环境资源可持续利用的影响 Ⅱ. 黄河断流和入海流量锐减所引起的海洋环境变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传统的观点认为，河水流入大海是一种浪费。为了充分利用河水资源，在大河干流筑坝引水、发电，据美国学者Milliman(1997)统计，1950年世界上大坝的数量约为5000座，20世纪80年代疾增到40000多座。大量淡水被贮存或用在陆地，入海径流便大幅度减少，导致大河河口及其邻近海域生态环境发生重大变化，海洋生物资源遭受到重大损失。加利福尼亚湾内科罗拉多河河口三角洲及其滨海区原为美国西南部最大的沙漠湿地，湿地资源极为丰富，海湾区曾是世界上鱼类最多、捕鱼量最高的海区之一，具有海洋生物资源非常丰富的良好生态环境。然而，由于科罗拉多河多道筑坝截流、入海径流量锐减，导致部分湿地干枯、生态环境退化、水质下降，海湾内捕鱼量急剧减少，许多依赖河流冲淡水发育的生物之生存发育面临毁灭的威胁；密西西比河三角洲区的湿地、潟湖区也因该河干流上大坝的不断兴建而导致生态环境退化；埃及阿斯旺大坝兴建后，由于入海水、沙等物质通量的大幅度减少，使地中海东部海区的沙丁鱼产量下降了近83%，海岸遭受强烈侵蚀，三角洲面积不断缩小。20世纪70年代初期，印度的恒河兴建法拉卡大坝，河口三角洲西岸陆域出现了明显的海水倒灌现象，同时引起了印、孟两国20多年的分水之争。 相似文献
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Field observation was conducted to monitor phosphate concentrations in groundwater and seawater mixing at two sandy beaches in Futtsu and Miura in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Dissolved phosphate concentrations were measured along transects from fresh groundwater aquifer to seawater adjacent the beaches. The concentrations were often high (up to 46 µM) in fresh groundwater samples (Cl– < 0.2). Coastal seawater, on the other hand, exhibited low phosphate concentrations (1.5 µM or less). Along the transects, phosphate generally displayed non-conservative behavior during mixing of fresh and saline waters in the aquifer; concentrations as high as 100 µM were found around the upper limit of seawater intrusion (Cl– = 2). Laboratory experiments were executed to identify the processes that control the phosphate behavior in the mixing processes. The results revealed that adsorption-desorption processes by the aquifer sand particles could significantly control the phosphate concentrations in the groundwater. Furthermore, the adsorption and/or desorption was found to be a function of salinity; the equilibrium concentration of dissolved phosphate in slurry of sand and water was the highest in freshwater and decreased considerably in saline water. The extreme concentration of phosphate may be caused by release from sand particles coinciding with the rapid change in salinity with tide. 相似文献
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1994年5月—1995年6月,利用黄河口悬浮颗粒物,在实验室内于不同温度、盐度、磷酸盐浓度、pH值及悬浮物粒度条件下进行了悬浮物对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸模拟实验,通过水体中几种磷—钙矿物的离子平衡计算,对黄河口磷酸盐的缓冲机制进行了探讨。结果表明,黄河口现场条件下水体中钙与磷之间存在某些离子平衡,黄河口水体中磷—钙矿物的离子积受温度、悬浮物种类及粒度影响较小,而与水体盐度、磷酸盐及钙含量有关,但不足以形成磷—钙矿物沉淀;磷—钙矿物的沉淀和溶解在黄河口磷酸盐浓度的控制机制上所起的作用较小,而悬浮颗粒物表面对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸起了较大的作用。 相似文献
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The observed distribution of 137Cs resulting from known sources in the Severn Estuary permits the testing of simple predictive models for the one-dimensional distribution of non-conservative substances in an estuary. These models either use a known distribution of salinity to infer corresponding ones for other substances, or else directly solve mass balance equations utilizing previously determined dispersion coefficients. Both methods are shown to previously determined dispersion coefficients. Both methods are shown to provide results comparing favorably with observations.Stokes drift plays an important role in the circulation of the Severn. A modified densimetric Froude number, including this drift, is therefore used to estimate the circulation and stratification of the estuary.A new equation is used for calculating the 137Cs distribution from the observed salinity distribution. It generalizes previous formulations to permit variation of the net runoff with position along the estuary. 相似文献
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The ‘dissolved’ iron (that passed through a 0·4-μm filter) varied nonconservatively with salinity in the Connecticut River estuary. However, the total iron appeared to be conservative. Measurements of Fe(II) and Fe(III) showed that oxidation of Fe(II) was not a factor in the decrease of ‘dissolved’ iron in the low salinity region. A solubility model and analyses based on different pore-size filters indicated that a substantial amount of the ‘dissolved’ iron in the low salinity region was colloidal iron. The coagulation of fine colloidal particles led to the non-conservative behavior of ‘dissolved’ iron during estuarine mixing, but it did not necessarily lead to removal of total iron from the waters. Particulate iron was 80–90% of the total iron and it covaried with the total suspended matter during mixing and sediment resuspension. The residence time of water in the Connecticut River estuary was too short to allow removal of iron from the water column within the estuary. 相似文献
20.
D. J. Fan R. D. Neuser X. G. Sun Z. S. Yang Z. G. Guo S. K. Zhai 《Geo-Marine Letters》2008,28(1):7-14
Estuaries are elementary geochemical fronts where river water and seawater mix. Within this mixing zone, iron and other non-conservative
elements can undergo complex reactions to form new solid phases. In order to understand authigenic iron oxide formation in
the Yangtze River Estuary, two onsite water-mixing sets of experiments were conducted, one by mixing variable amounts of unfiltered
Yangtze River water with filtered East China Sea water of different salinity (set 1), the other by mixing variable amounts
of filtered Yangtze River water with filtered East China Sea water of different salinity (set 2). In set 2, the minerals newly
formed in the course of mixing were investigated by means of a scanning electron microscope fitted with an energy-dispersive
X-ray analytical system. It was found that ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite were formed in these mixing experiments, coexisting
in nearly equal amounts. These iron oxides appear as aggregated particles with a large grain-size range of several microns
to more than 100 μm. The electrolytic properties of seawater played an important role in the formation of these authigenic
iron oxides. Kaolinite and organic aggregates were also found in the experimentally mixed pre-filtered waters. Amounts of
newly formed suspended matter (set 2) were one to three orders of magnitude lower than those of total suspended matter (TSM)
(set 1). This implies that newly formed minerals represent only a very small proportion of TSM in the estuarine mixing zone
of the Yangtze River. 相似文献