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1.
中国经济海藻提取物生物活性 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
分别采用MTT法、双碟法、酶标法、光度法和增重法测定了广西涠洲岛、广东硇洲岛、山东青岛和威海沿岸具有代表性的大型海藻提取物的抗肿瘤、抗菌、免疫、抗炎、抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和抗氧化的活性。结果表明，鸭毛藻、松节藻、小粘膜藻和点叶藻的甲醇提取物具有选择性细胞毒活性；酸藻水相、鸭毛藻的乙酸乙酯相有较强的抗菌活性；金膜藻、网地藻、石莼和萱藻的甲醇提取物有较好的免疫抑制活性；三叉仙菜、龙须菜、海萝、绳藻和小粘膜藻的甲醇提取物有较好的免疫增强活性；细枝软骨藻、粗枝软骨藻和绳藻的甲醇提取物有显著的抗炎活性；松节藻、肠浒苔和扁江蓠的脂溶性提取物能有效地抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性；褐藻多酚具有明显的抗氧化活性。 相似文献
2.
分属绿藻门、红藻门、褐藻门的海藻样品于2000年采于山东青岛和威海沿海，首次采用人白细胞弹性蛋白酶体外筛选技术对39种海藻样品的甲醇提取物进行了抗炎活性筛选，以期从海藻中寻找天然抗类风湿性关节炎等炎症性疾病的药物活性前体。结果表明，18种海藻（7种褐藻，11种红藻）对HLE有抑制活性，而绿藻缺乏抗HLE活性。这18种海藻中，7种表现出较强的抑制活性，分别为：鸭毛藻、海头红、江蓠、细枝软骨藻、粗枝软骨藻、小粘膜藻和绳藻，其中尤以绳藻的抑制活性最强（在浓度为25μg/ml时可达98．9％）。 相似文献
3.
山东沿海21种海洋无脊椎动物抗肿瘤活性初步筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用四氮唑盐比色法(MTT)测定了21种青岛及其附近海域常见无脊椎动物94％乙醇粗提物对人白血病细胞HL-60和人肺腺癌细胞A-549的抑制率，同时测定了海筒螅Tubuaria marinha Torrey等动物不同极性溶剂萃取物的活性。发现海燕Asterina pectinifera的正丁醇萃取物、海筒螅的乙酸乙酯萃取物、红条毛肤石鳖Acanthochiton rubrolineatus的94％的乙醇提取物对HL-60的抑制作用很强，在浓度为0．063mg／mL时抑制率分别为96．7％、63．9％、50．5％；海筒螅的乙酸乙酯萃取物对A．549的抑制率较高，浓度为0．063mg／mL时的抑制率可以达到65.4%. 相似文献
4.
海藻乙醇提取物抗菌活性的研究 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
分属绿藻门、红藻门、褐藻门的海藻样品于 2 0 0 0年 5月采于山东青岛和威海附近沿海 ,将海藻样品的乙醇提取物进行薄层层析分离和抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌活性测定。结果表明 ,抗大肠杆菌活性较强的海藻样品有 :鸭毛藻、酸藻、松节藻和孔石莼的水相 ;抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性较强的提取物有 :鸭毛藻、海黍子、松节藻、小粘膜藻的乙酸乙酯相以及酸藻的水相。从不同门类海藻的抗菌活性看 ,褐藻最强 ,红藻次之 ,而绿藻活性最弱。薄层层析分离得到 1 6个层析带具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性 ,1 1个层析带具有的抗大肠杆菌性。其中褐藻门的酸藻、海黍子的 3个层析带具有很强的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性 ,酸藻的 2个层析带也能强烈地抑制大肠杆菌的生长。在同样的实验条件下 ,对常见抗生素进行的对照实验表明 ,这 5条层析带的活性比常见的抗生素高。 相似文献
5.
海藻组分抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂活性筛选模型对采自青岛沿海的22种海藻样品提取物的石油醚组分和乙酸乙酯组分进行了活性筛选.结果表明,22种海藻的石油醚组分均具有不同程度的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中亮管藻、海头红、鸭毛藻和孔石莼表现出较强的活性,在浓度为50μg/ml时的抑制率均大于50.0%,分别为50.5%、55.5%、56.6%和65.8%;其他大部分海藻的抑制率在30.1%到48.9%之间.与石油醚组分不同的是,只有少数海藻的乙酸乙酯组分表现出乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中鸭毛藻的活性最为显著,在浓度为25μg/ml时抑制率高达71.8%;孔石莼的乙酸乙酯组分也具有较强的抑制活性;其余海藻的乙酸乙酯组分对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制活性较弱,有些不仅没有活性,反而表现出不同程度的增强作用. 相似文献
6.
几种大型海藻对赤潮异弯藻生长抑制效应的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
利用共存培养系统研究了大型海藻缘管浒苔、刚毛藻、石花菜、鸭毛藻、扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、海黍子、脆江蓠对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的抑制效应并和孔石莼的作用进行比较。实验指出：孔石莼和缘管浒苔对赤潮异弯藻的抑制效应最强，石花菜次之；扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、刚毛藻、脆江蓠、海黍子虽表现出抑制作用但较差；鸭毛藻的抑制效应最弱。 相似文献
7.
研究海绵来源真菌Aspergillus repens发酵产物中的活性代谢产物.分离培养微生物进行活性筛选,采用活性追踪的方法、利用色谱手段分离获得单体化合物,根据波谱分析及其理化性质确定其结构,利用SRB评价单体化合物的抗肿瘤活性,利用纸片法测定单体化合物的抗植物病菌活性.获得1个萘并吡喃酮化合物,其结构鉴定为3,4-二氢-9,10-二羟基-7-甲氧基-3-甲基-1H-萘并[2,3c]吡喃-1-酮 (Semivioxanthin).该化合物对肿瘤细胞A-549、HL-60和BEL-7402有一定抑制作用,对植物致病菌作用较强.海绵微生物代谢产物是发现活性物质重要资源,值得深入研究. 相似文献
8.
钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白和多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
对钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白 (PC)和多糖 (PSP)的抗肿瘤免疫活性进行了研究。采用免疫酶标技术、MTT法及定量溶血分光光度测定法等免疫分析实验 ,从免疫器官、免疫细胞、免疫分子 3个水平上进行藻蓝蛋白和多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性检测。结果显示 ,藻蓝蛋白和多糖处理组小鼠瘤块直径及瘤体重量均小于对照组 ,T细胞及 B细胞活性明显增强 ,体液抗体量显著提高 ,螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白比多糖抑制肿瘤细胞生长和提高机体免疫力的作用更明显。 相似文献
9.
山东沿海海藻抗肿瘤活性的筛选 总被引：28，自引：6，他引：28
于1997年4月和2000年5月对山东沿海海藻进行较系统的采集，对其中39种海藻的96个样品采用高通量方法进行选择性细胞毒筛选，结果表明，小粘膜藻（Leathesia dif-formes)、多管藻（Polysiphonia urcedata)、萱cytosiphon lomentarius)、海萝（Gloiopeliis fur-cata)、叉开网翼藻（Dictyopteris diuaricata)、点叶菜（Punctaria latifolia)等对KB细胞或HT-29细胞具有选择性抑制活性。局醇、氯仿的提取效率较高，多管藻的乙醇、氯仿提取物，萱藻的乙醇提取物和叉开网翼藻的正己烷提取物都有强的选择性细胞毒活性。 相似文献
10.
国际上海洋药物研究的热潮自20世纪60年代开始，20世纪70-80年代开展了大规模筛选，迄今为止发现具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗心血管疾病、增强免疫系统等活性的海洋生物活性物质5000余种。海洋天然产物的药理活性侧重于抗肿瘤方面，从海藻中发现的抗肿瘤活性物质占有重要的地位，因为海藻具有较好的生物多样性，而且其多变的生态环境和原始的进化地位使其拥有许多结构独特的活性物质，其研究始于巨大鞘丝藻的脂溶性提取物抗白血病活性的发现。20世纪80年代初美国和日本的科学家开始系统地筛选海藻的抗肿瘤活性物质，发现了许多新的化合物，如从松香藻中分离的Halomon，Scytophycin B目前已进入临床前药理评估阶段。
海洋药物的发展首先应着重可再生资源的开发和利用方面的研究，而海藻是一种取之不尽的药源物质，随着现代化生物技术的发展，特别是生物工程技术的发展和应用，基本上解决了药源藻类的养殖问题，为海藻抗肿瘤物质的研究提供了充足的材料和可行性，迄今海藻抗肿瘤生物活性物质的研究已取得了引人注目的成就。本文根据有关文献着重就海藻中抗肿瘤活性物质的筛选，以及相应的活性化合物作一综述。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献