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遥控水下机器人脐带缆收放绞车设计及牵引力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
脐带缆收放技术是有缆遥控水下机器人的一项关键技术,该技术直接影响水下机器人载体的收放及作业过程中脐带缆的安全。针对目前水下机器人收放系统中脐带缆收放技术的特点,给出了一种具有自动排缆、低张力缠绕、能够提供大牵引力和安全制动功能的紧凑新式脐带缆绞车方案,并对牵引绞车与储藏绞车之间脐带缆张力与牵引绞车的牵引力进行了理论分析,给出了二者之间的关系函数。 相似文献
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荔湾3-1气田深水脐带缆竖直铺设技术研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着海洋油气开发逐步走向深海,深水脐带缆的应用越来越广泛。我国在脐带缆安装工程中仅具备浅水(300 m以内)水平铺设的能力,深水脐带缆的铺设技术在国内尚属空白。本文以荔湾3-1气田深水脐带缆铺设工程为例,首先介绍铺设方法的选取原则,提出深水脐带缆竖直铺设的技术要求,随后基于Orca Flex软件,对脐带缆铺设进行静力和动力分析,为铺设期间脐带缆长度和张力的监控、作业气候窗的选取提供参考依据。最后制定脐带缆起始抽拉、正常铺设以及末端铺设的作业流程。该工程为我国首次采用脐带缆竖直铺设技术,本文研究成果和计算方法可为国内其它同类工程提供重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
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南海某油田采用水下生产系统技术进行开发，其8口水下井通过回接13 km外的现有油田设施进行生产，油田作业水深约300 m。水下控制采用了复合电液控制系统，电、液、通讯信号等由现有生产设施通过一条约14 km长的脐带缆提供。该油田投产后不久出现了电力通讯缆绝缘电阻低的问题，1 a后，该脐带缆中所有3根4芯电力通讯缆绝缘全部归零，失去了对水下井口远程操控功能。为了尽快修复故障，恢复水下操控，技术人员创新性地提出利用油田电潜泵供电用中压多芯电缆中3根备用电缆芯作为供电和通讯回路使用的方案。通过研究和分析，设计了特殊的水下电缆续接装置，将1条3芯中压电飞线输入转接为输出2条双回路低压信号电飞线，接入到原系统的水下电力分配模块中去，且满足100%的通讯回路冗余要求。通过原创技术研发成功完成了相关水下转接装置的研制和安装应用，恢复了对所有井口的远程控制，改造后的系统已稳定运行多年。 相似文献
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脐带缆是深海油气开发的关键设备之一,主要由钢管单元、电缆单元、光缆单元、护套及铠装单元组成。脐带缆在全寿命周期经过设计制造、储存、安装、在位运行、修复阶段,其每个阶段的可靠性并不是某个常数,而是随时间变化的函数,因此有必要对脐带缆全寿命周期可靠性的变化进行分析。建立某气田水下脐带缆在储存、安装、在位运行阶段的故障树模型,将其转化为多阶段贝叶斯网络模型进行建模分析,基于OREDA手册数据,假设部件寿命服从指数分布,对脐带缆存储、安装、在位运行阶段的可靠性进行分析,得到不同阶段脐带缆可靠性的变化曲线,并与可靠性框图方法进行对比分析。同时,通过引入条件可靠性对该方法进行了优化,分析脐带缆修复后的可靠性变化,以及对脐带缆关键部件进行重要度分析,针对薄弱环节提出改进措施。可靠性分析可为水下脐带缆的安全运行提供技术支持,同时也为海洋结构与设备的全寿命周期可靠性分析提供了一种方法参考。 相似文献
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脐带缆作为水下生产系统的“神经生命线”,是水下生产系统的关键一环,其可靠性问题越来越受到关注。影响脐带缆可靠性的事件具有随机性,目前缺乏对这些随机事件发生概率的统计,难以直接对其可靠性进行定量分析。基于模糊数理论和故障树结合的方法对脐带缆可靠性进行分析,首先获得引起脐带缆失效的40个最小割集及底事件重要度排序。其次采用基于模糊集理论的定量分析对脐带缆故障树系统中的底事件进行统计计算,得到各底事件的失效概率,最终计算出顶事件概率,并得出导致脐带缆失效的主要因素依次为护套/铠装失效、钢管失效、电缆失效,为脐带缆的安全运行提出适当的建议。 相似文献
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深海观测系统脐带缆形态分析及计算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对水下拖曳系统脐带缆索的受力情况、形态进行分析，建立了三维空间缆索的物理模型和数学模型，并在此基础上编制了计算程序，对6000m深海观测系统脐带缆的性状进行了模拟计算，其结果为深拖系统最佳缆长的确定提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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脐带缆用于连接水上浮体和水下生产系统,缆芯由钢管单元、光纤单元和电缆单元等组装而成,缆体外层是由铠装钢丝层螺旋缠绕以及聚合物外护套组装而成,截面结构复杂。利用ANSYS有限元通用软件建立双层铠装脐带缆的三维多层接触摩擦有限元模型,计算其截面拉伸刚度,将拉伸刚度数值模拟值与理论结果进行对比,验证有限元模型的正确性;分析比较铠装层不同缠绕角度、缠绕方式和钢丝直径下脐带缆模型的拉伸刚度。结果表明:铠装钢丝层缠绕方式、缠绕角度、铠装钢丝直径对双层铠装脐带缆模型的拉伸刚度、最大等效应力模拟结果均有影响。 相似文献
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Umbilical cable is a kind of integrated subsea cable widely used in the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas field. The severe ocean environment makes great challenges to umbilical maintenance and repair work. Damaged umbilical is usually recovered for the regular operation of the offshore production system. Analysis on cables in essence is a two-point boundary problem. The tension load at the mudline must be known first, and then the recovery load and recovery angle on the vessel can be solved by use of catenary equation. The recovery analysis also involves umbilical-soil interaction and becomes more complicated. Calculation methods for recovery load of the exposed and buried umbilical are established and the relationship between the position of touch down point and the recovery load as well as the recovery angle and recovery load are analyzed. The analysis results provide a theoretical reference for offshore on-deck operation. 相似文献
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The shared Torres Strait rock lobster (Panulirus ornatus) fishery provides important income for commercial and traditional fishers in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The lobster stock is first fished in Torres Strait by divers from both countries and then becomes vulnerable to Australian prawn trawlers, followed by Papua New Guinea trawlers during its annual breeding migration. Lobster catch sharing arrangements are governed by the Torres Strait Treaty ratified in 1985, but the sequential trawling of breeding lobsters has been controlled by bilateral agreements. A trawl ban was implemented in 1984 in both countries to conserve the breeding stock, but some trawling has been conducted in the Gulf of Papua since then and there is renewed interest in Papua New Guinea to resume trawling. To evaluate the impact of trawling migratory breeding lobsters on the lobster fishery, a model that combines a cohort depletion model with a stock recruitment relationship was developed in this study. The model showed that when the fishery is fully or over‐exploited by the dive fishery, trawling breeding lobsters would reduce both the spawning stock and the total catch of the fishery. The reduction in catch would increase with increasing fishing mortality. If trawling occurred on the Papua New Guinea side only, a redistribution of catch between Australia and Papua New Guinea would result in a small gain in catch for Papua New Guinea at the expense of the Australian dive fishery. But when fishing mortality reaches a certain level, any trawling in any country will incur catch loss to both countries. For the long‐term sustainability and maximum production of the fishery, regulations should be implemented in both countries under a co‐management scheme of a shared fish stock. 相似文献
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Investigation of strategies to improve the recycling effectiveness of waste oil from fishing vessels
The marine ecological environment and fishery resources can be severely polluted or destroyed by waste oil from fishing vessels if they are emitted directly into the ocean without any proper pre-treatment process. International conventions such as MARPOL 73/78 regulate waste-oil emissions and require the installation of a waste oil–water separator only for ocean-going ships of over 400 gross tons. Hence, these international conventions are not applicable to most fishing ships due to their low gross tonnages. In addition, space on most fishing vessels is too limited to allow waste-oil storage tanks or a waste oil-water separator to comply with international maritime regulations. Because a significant amount of waste oil is produced by fishing vessels around the world every day, effective strategies or measures are needed to prevent this waste oil from polluting the marine environment. This study thus investigates strategies and measures for improving the effectiveness of waste-oil collection from fishing vessels. This study found that existing procedures for the collection and treatment of waste lubricating oil on land could be applied to the management of waste oil and bilge water from fishing vessels. Sufficient oil–water separators and storage facilities for the collection of waste oil should be placed at each fishing port and shipyard. Fishermen should then be required to deliver their waste oil to these storage facilities, from where it can be transported to legal recycling companies for further treatment. In addition, fishing harbor authorities should bear definitive responsibility for monitoring the illegal dumping of waste oil and for checking the waste-oil record books of fishing vessels. Each maritime country should enforce relevant laws and regulations to reduce the emission of waste oil from fishing vessels into the ocean. 相似文献
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油气爆炸作用下海洋平台抗冲结构研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海洋平台在服役期间,常会遭受到油气泄露而爆炸引起的冲击破坏.结合歧口QK18-2海洋平台结构,利用非线性瞬态动力学计算软件MSC.Dytran对气体爆炸造成海洋平台结构的损伤机理进行数值仿真研究.在此基础上,详细研究舱室在爆炸载荷下的动态响应,将舱室和爆炸区之间的围壁结构采用增加板厚和改变支撑结构形式、尺寸等四种不同的方式进行比较研究,得出支撑结构对于平台抗冲击的重要性,从而提出有效可行的抗冲结构形式. 相似文献
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双船中层拖网网位控制的静力学解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中层拖网是开发利用中上层鱼类资源的重要工具之一,能否有效实施对拖网作业水层的控制,是实现瞄准捕捞和提高捕捞生产效率的关键。本文提出了1种基于有限元原理的拖网曳纲形状与张力的理论计算方法,以期依据中层拖网拖曳过程中不同拖速、曳纲长度和重锤配备条件下曳纲响应的计算机模拟结果,预测拖网可能的作业水层,以实现中层拖网网位控制,为中层拖网曳纲设计和网位调整提供理论依据。 相似文献
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平台坠物、船舶抛锚等第三方活动引起的冲击损伤是近海管道失效的主要原因，时刻威胁中国海洋油气开发系统的安全性。为保障近海油气管道安全运行，围绕冲击荷载作用下管道损伤及失效评估这一中心问题，从管道损伤机理研究、含冲击损伤管道安全评估、管道工程项目风险评估3个方面总结了国内外研究发展现状，明确了影响结构安全的关键问题，并对未来研究工作提出建议。挖沟埋深为管道防护冲击损伤的有效手段，土体强度是防护效果关键因素，应重点关注土体强度空间变异性问题；管道冲击损伤主要为平滑凹陷和弯折凹陷，对于后者应进一步确定其在内压荷载下的剩余强度及疲劳强度；风险评估中失效判据对于结果有显著影响，需构建考虑多种安全性评估准则的失效判据体系。 相似文献
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近海海区通常是指离岸3n mile以上或水深超过25m的水域(Relini et al.，1994)；海洋污损生物是海洋环境中栖息或附着在船舶和各种水下人工设施上，对人类经济活动产生不利影响的动物、植物和微生物的总称，它不仅是影响海洋设施安全与使用寿命的重要因素，也是人类开始接触海洋时所关注的问题。本文就污损生物对海洋结构物的影响和我国近海污损生物研究的进展状况、存在问题等方面进行了综合论述，并对未来几年内为研究方向和重点进行了探讨，以期为下一阶段研究工作提供一些具有参考价值的依据和建议。 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(8):597-605
Given the increasing competition for marine resources, regulatory strategies that benefit multiple stakeholders are increasingly important. Offshore wind power generating facilities are becoming more common in the marine environment and alter the characteristics of the fisheries in the surrounding area. Floating wind turbines can act as fish aggregating devices (FAD), thereby increasing the catchability for some species. Many marine recreational fisheries are open access without effort restrictions; therefore, control of total harvest is difficult. Creating a limited entry recreational fishery and excluding commercial fishing from the area surrounding offshore wind turbines may aid in controlling total harvest and may benefit several important stakeholder groups: (1) recreational and commercial fishermen in terms of higher recreational catch rates and potentially higher overall yield, (2) fisheries managers in terms of more precise control of recreational fisheries harvest, and (3) owners of offshore wind power facilities in terms of reduced risk of damage to infrastructure due to fishing activity. We discuss the compatibility of wind power facilities and fisheries, conditions conducive to this compatibility, and provide an example from a proposed offshore wind power facility in the Adriatic Sea and its potential to affect the fisheries management there, particularly for bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). 相似文献
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Offshore wind decommissioning regulations and workflows in the Outer Continental Shelf United States
Decommissioning regulations for offshore renewable energy facilities require that all facilities be removed and the seafloor cleared of all obstructions at the end of the life of the lease. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the expected workflows and stages of decommissioning that are likely to arise for offshore wind farms, to describe the exposure and liability of the parties involved and to compare offshore wind and oil and gas decommissioning. An alternative method for turbine removal is proposed which, if feasible, will reduce decommissioning cost. The objectives of a bonding program are motivated and discussed. 相似文献
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A programme of research is underway at Aberdeen University on the conflicts arising in the North Sea between the fishing and offshore oil and gas industries. This research note summarizes the work that has been undertaken to date and the main aspects on which future work will concentrate. 相似文献