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南麂营造海洋生物"安乐窝" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浙江省海洋与渔业局在7月中旬将2艘2000余空立方的废旧渔(客)轮沉入平阳县南麂列岛妈祖庙附近海域。据称,这是该市时隔15年后首批投放入海的人工鱼礁。 据海洋与渔业主管部门介绍,此次人工鱼礁的投放目的是改善近海渔场的生态环境,促进渔业资源的养护和增殖。有关研究表明,人工鱼礁 相似文献
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南麂列岛海洋自然保护区是国务院批准建立的我国首批5个国家级海洋自然保护区之一,素以海洋生物,特别是贝藻类生物资源丰富、种类繁多而著称,俗称"贝藻王国",也是众多渔业资源繁殖、索饵、生长的良好场所。本文根据2013年11月、2014年2、5、9月在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区开展渔业资源底拖网调查所获得的虾类资料,对南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成、优势种、物种数量空间分布及多样性、相似性等群落结构特征的影响因素进行了研究。结果得知,调查海域共鉴定出虾类种类25种,隶属于9科17属,不同季节优势种更替较显著,虾类种数各季节间变化较为稳定,岛礁区的虾类种类数高于沿岸区,夏季多样性低于其他季节,虾类种类数和多样性指数平面分布相似,地形、水深和水系等环境因素对虾类群落结构影响较大;分布在南麂列岛调查海域的虾类以季节性的广温广盐性种类为主,虾类一般生活在有利于索饵、成长的泥沙底质沿岸区,夏季受台湾暖流、食物链中的鱼类捕食关系影响,其生物多样性较低,虾类多样性分布随水深变化明显,这可能主要是由于调查海域的主要优势种虾类活动范围与水深有关。 相似文献
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浙江南麂列岛是我国首批确定（1990年）的五个国家级海洋自然保护区之一，它是以保护海洋贝藻类和生物多样性以及生态环境为主要保护对象的特定海洋生态系统保护区。该自然保护区1998年成为我国唯一纳入联合国教科文组织世界生物圈保护区网络的海洋类自然保护区，2000年又被联合国开发计划署列为全球环境基金“中国南部海域生物多样性保护示范区”。自保护区建立以来，在国家、省、市、县各级政府的热切关注和正确领导下，加强了管理行政执法，并开展了一系列的科研学术活动，已取得了令人瞩目的成就。在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区成立之初（1992年），我们与多家单位对南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区进行了本底调查研究，获得较详细的基础资料，这为日后保护区管理、开发及深入研究奠定了较系统的科学依据。 相似文献
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一、理想的战略抉择与决策南麂列岛是国家级海洋自然保护区，也是我国唯一纳入联合国教科文组织世界生物圈保护区网络的海洋类型生物圈保护区。在这个有特殊生态环境要求的特殊海域从事海洋产业开发：发生不断地投放人工鱼礁、放流增殖水产苗种的海洋生态渔业建设与保护区目标有很好的相容性，可充分发挥了南麂岛蓝天、碧海、奇礁、金沙的环境资源优势，推动游钓、休闲、观光渔业发展，达到双赢的目的。生态渔业是在渔业生产和经营中，运用生态经济的原理，系统工程方法和现代科技成果，不造成生态退化，技术先进，经济可观的可持续发展的新… 相似文献
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文章通过对海州湾海域人工鱼礁建设情况统计以及人工鱼礁投放位置与监测点位的变化关系,并根据水质综合污染指数评价结果,对比分析了海州湾海域近15年来人工鱼礁建设前、后水质的变化情况。结果表明:离人工礁区近的点位水质明显好于其他点位水质,可见人工鱼礁建设对海州湾海域水质改善起到极大的促进作用,不仅优化了海域生态环境,而且营造了良好的海洋生物栖息场所。建议进一步加大鱼礁建设范围,发展以人工鱼礁为主的海洋生态环境恢复建设,提高整个海州湾海域生态环境资源的合理配置,调整渔业产业结构、促进海洋产业升级优化。 相似文献
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人工鱼礁对渔业资源和海洋生态环境的影响及相关技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了国内外在不同水深海域实施人工鱼礁工程的现状。分析并研究了不同水深海域人工鱼礁工程的建筑和投放技术,分析并研究了与人工鱼礁工程相关的一些问题及解决这些问题的途径,分析并研究了人工鱼礁区渔业资源增值和改善海洋生态环境的机理。分析得出的结论是:人工鱼礁工程在增值渔业资源和改善海洋生态环境方面是很有发展前景的。 相似文献
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人工鱼礁作为渔业资源增殖的有效手段,在海洋牧场建设中发挥重要作用。人工鱼礁区的科学选址是海洋牧场建设需首先解决的技术问题。目前关于人工鱼礁选址还没有通用的定量评价方法。基于层次分析法理论建立层次结构模型,设定社会、物理、工程、化学和生物环境等5个主要准则因素,设定海洋功能区划、水深、水流、底质类型、底质荷载、淤泥层厚度、海底坡度、水质、沉积物质量、赤潮、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖生物等13个次级准则因素并作为评价指标,其中将水质和沉积物质量设定为多参数指标。依据相关国家标准和行业规范,采用多种归一化处理方法建立所有指标的定量评价标准。结合对人工鱼礁建设实际情况的分析,确定主要准则因素权重。考虑人工鱼礁渔业资源增殖效应,增加对两类特殊情况的评价判定过程。其中两类特殊情况分别为单一指标参数值超限情况和多参数指标中多个参数值接近超限的情况。使用Python编程语言创建软件系统实现评价结果的高效计算并输出对应适宜性等级。根据日照市海洋牧场示范区中适宜人工鱼礁建设海域调查数据模拟8个针对性的海区案例对方法进行验证,案例分析表明,该方法具有较好实用性,能有效分析并获取目标海区建礁适宜性评价结果,可为... 相似文献
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合理的人工鱼礁布局可以为海洋生物提供适宜的生境，促进物种的多样性和生态系统的稳定。然而受多种因素的影响，人工鱼礁投放的实际位置与规划方案多有差异，致使人工鱼礁建设达不到预期效果。文章利用重心误差、外围面积误差、重叠面积误差以及礁体数量误差等4个指标来评价天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差状况。结果表明，天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放的外围面积误差和礁体数量误差的平均值分别为-0.11和0.067，投放布局的准确性比较高；重心和重叠面积误差平均值分别为0.59和0.73，投放定位的准确性相对较差，需要进一步改进；从年际变化来看，2018年人工鱼礁投放的重心误差、重叠面积误差、礁体数量误差均有明显改善，仅外围面积误差略大，表明随着时间的推移，人工鱼礁投放布局和定位的准确性均已达到预期效果。文章量化了天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁的投放误差，成果可为提高天津海洋牧场人工鱼礁投放效果提供有益参考，为相关政策制定提供科学依据，并指导管理实践。 相似文献
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人工鱼礁研究现状及未来展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
人工鱼礁是建设海洋牧场的重要技术手段,鱼礁投放后有助于改善沿海渔业生态环境、保护增殖渔业资源。近几十年,随着人工鱼礁建设事业规模的不断壮大,各国专家学者对人工鱼礁进行了多方面研究。作者在前人研究的基础上,从鱼礁材料、结构设计、流场效应和数值模拟、鱼礁监测技术、管理体制、生态效益调查评估、经济价值评价等多个角度,对人工鱼礁的研究现状进行详细论述,最后从物理稳定性、监测管理、价值评估等3个方面提出人工鱼礁未来研究与发展的方向,以期为中国大规模人工鱼礁建设的可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
This key note presentation opened the conference. It provides a context to deliberations and discussions, and it sets out a range of options to help make better progress in the effective management and protection of the ocean. These range from improving the quality of protection through to how technology and new approaches can be used to ignite a broader interest and engagement with ocean conservation. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
The world׳s oceans are currently undergoing an unprecedented period of industrialisation, made possible by advances in technology and driven by our growing need for food, energy and resources. This is placing the oceans are under intense pressure, and the ability of existing marine governance frameworks to sustainably manage the marine environment is increasingly being called into question. Emerging industries are challenging all aspects of these frameworks, raising questions regarding ownership and rights of the sea and its resources, management of environmental impacts, and management of ocean space. This paper uses the emerging marine renewable energy (MRE) industry, particularly in the United Kingdom (UK), as a case study to introduce and explore some of the key challenges. The paper concludes that the challenges are likely to be extensive and argues for development of a comprehensive legal research agenda to advance both MRE technologies and marine governance frameworks. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
There is an on-going process to establish Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) in England, to form part of a coherent and representative network of marine protected areas under national and EU legislation. From 2009 to 2011, the MCZ process included strong participatory elements. Four regional multi-sector stakeholder groups developed MCZ recommendations collaboratively, in line with ecological guidance provided by the Government's nature conservation advisers. This guidance was based on Government policy principles, including that MCZs should be designated based on ‘best available evidence’. This paper analyses the multi-dimensional conflicts that emerged within the stakeholder group in south-west England, which were magnified by uncertainty about future MCZ management. In September 2011, after working through these conflicts through trade-offs and negotiations, the stakeholder groups jointly recommended 127 MCZs to Government. The process subsequently shifted to a top-down approach, with further stakeholder engagement limited to bilateral consultation. There was a concurrent shift in policy, from a broad-scale network-level focus towards single-feature conservation. A lengthy series of evidence reviews concluded that the existing evidence at the time was insufficient to progress with the designation of most sites, marking a clear departure from the policy principle of proceeding with the designation of a representative network based on ‘best available evidence’, and effectively undermining the work carried out by stakeholder groups. Though MCZ designation was originally timetabled for 2012, in November 2013 just 27 of the recommended 127 MCZs were designated in a first tranche. At the time, no clear timetable was in place for subsequent tranches. 相似文献
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在广东实现“四个走在全国前列”的时代需求下，茂名应着力建设现代化海洋经济体系。近年来，茂名海洋经济总量快速增长、海洋经济体系基本形成、海洋创新成果初具规模、海洋生态建设成效显著、海洋管理能力不断增强，奠定了建设现代化海洋经济体系的基础，但也面临着海洋经济规模偏小且结构不够合理、现代化海洋产业进程缓慢、现代化海洋经济发展动力不足且受到制约和缺乏保障等问题。未来应从加快供给侧改革、实施创新驱动、推进开放合作、优化海洋生态系统和完善体制机制等方面寻求茂名建设现代化海洋经济体系的路径策略。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
Measuring the ‘level of compliance’ has emerged as a key performance indicator for MPA success internationally. Accurate interpretation of quantitative and qualitative compliance data is critical for determining which compliance activities contribute to specific management outcomes. To demonstrate the value of enforcement data in effective MPA management, more than 5000 enforcement actions from 2007 to 2013 from five New South Wales (NSW) Marine Parks were analysed. Specifically, it was tested whether through time: (i) the number of enforcement actions standardised by surveillance effort declined-indicating that ‘general deterrence’ was being achieved; (ii) the number of repeat offenders decreased-indicating that ‘specific deterrence’ was being achieved; (iii) the number of ‘local community’ enforcement actions standardised by surveillance effort declined-indicating growing support for marine parks was being achieved at the community level; and (iv) the percentage of young offenders (<25 yr) had declined-indicating that education programs targeting young adults were successful. Results indicated that general deterrence was not being achieved, with offence rates being relatively stable between years. In contrast, compliance measures were achieving individual deterrence, with the percentage of repeat offenders being very low (0.13–0.83%). Although compliance strategies may be making some progress in improving local compliance in some marine parks, the overall offence rate of local communities was concerning. The data suggested that there were major differences in compliance rates among age groups of offenders over time, although the percentage of young offenders declined over time in three marine parks. Over the six-year data collection period, there was no discernable improvement in compliance rates in most NSW Marine Parks. Overall, the significant value of collecting and analysing information on enforcement activities for MPAs was demonstrated, an often neglected aspect of their management world-wide. 相似文献