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1.
磷酸盐对两种东海典型赤潮藻影响的围隔实验   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
采用了围隔生态实验方法,研究了围隔中营养盐含量及结构变化和磷酸盐对东海典型赤潮藻种(东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻)生长的影响。结果表明,在高磷条件下,中肋骨条藻快速增殖,稳定期缩短,细胞数很快下降,而东海原甲藻由于氮源的限制生长期明显缩短。在磷限制条件下,中肋骨条藻细胞增殖受到明显抑制,生物量偏低,而东海原甲藻受到的影响较小。磷可能是东海原甲藻及中肋骨条藻生长的限制因子。氮磷比会影响浮游生物的生长,较高的氮磷比可能对东海原甲藻的生长有利,较低氮磷比则可能有利于中肋骨条藻生长。东海原甲藻能在营养盐浓度较低的生长环境中占有优势,相反,营养盐浓度较高的环境更适合中肋骨条藻的生长,中肋骨条藻具有更强的竞争能力。  相似文献   

2.
采用半连续培养方法研究了温度和营养盐(N和P)限制对中国东海2种重要赤潮生物东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长及种间竞争的影响。结果表明,东海原甲藻在20℃和25℃时生长状态良好,具有明显的指数增长期,15℃时细胞生长明显受到影响;中肋骨条藻具有较广的温度适应性,15~25℃时均具有明显的指数增长期。东海原甲藻可以忍受低营养盐环境并种群增长,而中肋骨条藻细胞增长需要较丰富的营养盐。在营养盐充足的环境里中肋骨条藻具有竞争优势,相反,在营养盐限制的环境中,东海原甲藻是竞争的优胜者。实验结果与东海原甲藻赤潮爆发现场的环境调查结果基本一致,可以作为解释东海原甲藻赤潮形成原因的依据。  相似文献   

3.
选取东海赤潮高发区常见的两种甲藻[东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)]和两种硅藻[中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、海链藻(Thalassiosirasp.)],以2-苯基乙胺、腐胺、亚精胺、精胺四种赤潮水体中常见的生物胺为因素,设置0、5、25、100nmol/L四个浓度水平,进行L16(45)正交添加培养实验。根据Logistic生长模型进行曲线拟合,分析得到的生长参数。结果显示,不同的生物胺对各赤潮藻生长影响的大小、趋势均存在差异。其中,2-苯基乙胺对四种赤潮藻的生长影响最显著。高浓度的2-苯基乙胺对中肋骨条藻的生长具有明显的抑制作用,对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长具有明显的促进作用。多胺物质(腐胺、亚精胺和精胺)对甲藻(东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻)生长的促进作用大于硅藻(海链藻和中肋骨条藻)。多胺中的亚精胺对塔玛亚历山大藻和海链藻的生长影响最大,精胺对东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻的生长影响最大。多胺可能是2010年东海赤潮由中肋骨条藻向东海原甲藻演替的一个诱导因素,其中精胺可能发挥的作用较大。  相似文献   

4.
氮磷营养盐对微氏海链藻细胞生化组成的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨了高营养盐条件下氮浓度及氮磷摩尔比[n(N):n(P)]异动对微氏海链藻(Thalassiosiraweissflogii)的细胞碱性活性基团含量、细胞干质量、细胞形态及细胞体中碳水化合物、蛋白质、叶绿素含量,即对细胞生命力和表面吸附力的影响。结果表明,n(N):n(P)=16时,叶绿素、碳水化合物和蛋白质含量最高,生长状况及生命力最佳,有利于金属吸收,n(N):n(P)偏离16,各组份含量均减少。碱性活性基团和藻细胞大小,当n(N):n(P)=8时最大,表面吸附金属能力最强;n(N):n(P)=64时最小,不利于金属的吸附。氮磷摩尔比对微氏海链藻细胞体主动吸收和生物吸附金属的影响不同。  相似文献   

5.
不同氮磷比对中肋骨条藻和威氏海链藻生长特性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
实验室条件下用不同氮磷摩尔比(4:1,16:1,64:1)的培养液培养中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和威氏海链藻Thalassiosira weissflogii,对它们的比生长率、细胞状态、细胞对外界氮磷营养元素的吸收和细胞内氮磷比的变化进行了研究.结果表明,氮磷比显著影响两种硅藻的生长和生理状态,氮浓度对细胞生长的影响更大.N限制组(N:P=4:1)的比生长率、细胞数量和叶绿素a含量明显低于正常条件和P限制组(N;P=64:1);威氏海链藻生长对N的变化比中肋骨条藻更为敏感,吸收外界无机氮的速率更快.营养盐充足的情况下,水体中藻细胞的氮磷比变化会较小,但由于"奢侈消费"现象的存在,在出现营养盐限制时,细胞的氮磷比组成会跟随环境的氮磷比改变,在氮限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会相应减少,而相反在磷限制的条件下,细胞的氮磷比会明显增加.  相似文献   

6.
对2006年夏季渤海湾赤潮重点监控区发生的夜光藻赤潮的生消过程进行了初步分析和研究,结果表明,在赤潮的整个生消过程中,3个站位的pH值、叶绿素-a含量、溶解氧、化学耗氧量和营养盐的变化均与夜光藻快速增值前浮游植物的迅速生长有关,浮游植物进行生长时大量吸收水体中的营养盐,而温度和盐度对此次赤潮的生消不存在明显影响.同时,水文气象因子的变化是此次赤潮的发生和消亡时必不可少的条件.  相似文献   

7.
针对我国东海2种重要赤潮肇事生物东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexan-drium tamarense)进行了种群增长过程和种间竞争的实验研究。结果表明,单种培养时,不同氮磷比对东海原甲藻和亚历山大藻种群增长过程没有明显的影响,但是会影响其最终的细胞密度;在混合培养时,营养盐组成比例不同对东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的种间竞争过程有影响,但不会影响其最后竞争结果。竞争物种的细胞起始密度对种间竞争结果有明显的影响,P.donghaiense和A.tamarense的接种细胞密度比为2 000∶100和2 000∶200时,东海原甲藻占优势;当接种细胞密度比为4 000∶400时,塔玛亚历山大藻占优势。  相似文献   

8.
通过研究硝基苯和间苯二酚对海洋微藻的毒理效应,旨在提示化工废水污染对水环境破坏的严重性,揭示海洋微藻类净化废水的潜在应用。本试验用塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)、海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)为供试藻种,以微藻生长量及叶绿素 a 的变化为参数,研究不同质量浓度的硝基苯和间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻的毒理效应。结果表明:硝基苯对塔玛藻和巴夫藻的生长具有一定的抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L时抑制率分别为22.9%和20.04%,但对海链藻的生长在一定程度上有促进作用。间苯二酚对海链藻和巴夫藻的生长具有抑制作用,质量浓度为12mg/L 时其抑制率分别为26.11%和23.6%,对塔玛亚历山大藻的生长有一定的促进作用。对塔玛亚历山大藻和巴夫藻而言,在硝基苯质量浓度为3mg/L 时,叶绿素 a 含量均达到最低,其叶绿素 a含量分别为对照组的68.6%和50.9%,对于海链藻,硝基苯对其叶绿素a的影响波动不大。间苯二酚对3种海洋微藻叶绿素 a 含量的影响为绿色巴夫藻>海链藻>塔玛亚历山大藻,其叶绿素 a 含量分别是对照组的1.1%,24.9%,88%。  相似文献   

9.
磷酸盐、硝酸盐组成对海洋赤潮藻生长的影响   总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23  
应用 1次培养实验方法研究了不同组成磷酸盐 (PO4- P)和硝酸盐 (NO3 - N)对新月菱形藻、旋链角毛藻和中肋骨条藻 3种海洋赤潮藻生长的影响。结果表明 ,L ogistic生长模型可以很好地描述不同组成 PO4- P和 NO3 - N条件下 3种海洋赤潮藻生长状况 ,其中拟合相关系数 R2 =0 .95± 0 .0 3。进一步研究表明 ,3种海洋赤潮藻均存在营养盐生长阈值 C*PO4,C*NO3 ,在本文实验条件下新月菱形藻的 C*PO4为 1.72μmol· L-1,C*NO3 为 4 0 .4 2μmol· L-1;旋链角毛藻的分别为 2 .0 7μmol· L-1和 4 4.76 μmol· L-1;中肋骨条藻的分别为 1.13μmol· L-1和 30 .2 6 μmol· L-1。当 PO4- P,NO3 - N初始浓度分别小于其营养盐生长阈值 C*PO4,C*NO3 时 ,随其初始浓度增加会促进 3种赤潮藻生长 ,但当初始浓度大于营养盐生长阈值时 ,随营养盐初始浓度增加反而会逐渐限制其生长。这表明 3种海洋赤潮藻都存在 1个适宜其生长的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 ,其中新月菱形藻的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 =2 0∶ 1,旋链角毛藻的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 =19∶ 1,中肋骨条藻的 (N∶ P) 最佳值 =32∶ 1。  相似文献   

10.
根据 1 999年 7月 2 3 - 2 4日胶州湾东部赤潮发生海区的观测资料 ,结合同年 6 ,7,8月3个航次的数据 ,分析了赤潮前后水体浮游植物群落、叶绿素 a和营养盐等要素的变化特征。结果显示 ,本次赤潮为短角弯角藻 (Eucampia Zoodiacus)赤潮 ,总生物密度高达 1 .6× 1 0 10个 /m L。赤潮发生时 ,叶绿素 a浓度范围为 2 8.8~ 3 6 .0 mg/m3 ;温度、盐度变化不大 ,DO,p H值升高 ,营养盐浓度处于较低水平 ,其中 P降幅最大 ,N/P值则急剧上升 ,峰值为 2 4 7,P被认为是本次赤潮的限制因子 ;NO2 - N/NO3 - N的值变化很大 ,高于正常值。赤潮消退 ,各要素恢复正常  相似文献   

11.
The growth and interspecies competition of two red tide algal species Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal and Gymnodinium sp.were studied under different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus,and the algal batch culture experiments were conducted.The physiological and biochemical indexes were measured periodically,including the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate,average double time and chlorophyll a concentration.The results showed that when the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 16:1,the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate and chlorophyll a concentration of Thalassiosira pseudonana all reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest.This implied that the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Thalassiosira pseudonana is 16:1.When the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 6:1,the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate and the chlorophyll a concentration of Gymnodinium sp.reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest,so the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Gymnodinium sp.is 6:1.From the growth curves as indicated both in the cell density and the chlorophyll a concentration,it is suggested that the influence of concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus on the chlorophyll a concentration and the cell density are almost the same.Different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus had weak influence on community succession and the competition between the two algae.Gymnodinium sp.may use the phosphorus in vivo for growth,so it is important to pay attention to the concealment of phosphorus,in order to avoid the outbreak of red tide.On the basis of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus and the ratio of their concentration,the possible outbreak mechanism of red tide of the two algae was also discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Polyclonal antibodies against three red tide algae with different size, Heterosigma akashiwo, Gymnodinium sp and Alexandrium catenella were raised in this study. Block affinity treatment was done to enhance the specificity of the antibodies. The titer of three polyclonal antibodies was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the specificity against polyclonal antibody was determined by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assy(icELISA). The result showed that Heterosigma akashiwo and Gymnodinium sp antibodies without block treatment got titer higher than 1:32000 and 1:10000, respectively, an indicating of high affinity antibodies. The titer of Alexandrium catenella antibody reached 1:2500, relatively lower than the previous two. The specificity of three polyclonal antibodies after affinity treatment was raised remarkably. However, the titer declined. All the polyclonal antibodies showed a high affinity with their own cells. Polyclonal antibodies were not remarkable cross reacted with other algae in the icELISA, The antibody of Alexandrium catenella reacted to its own cells, no cross activity was found with Alexandrium tamarense, which will be applicable in distinguishing species within the genus. The immunology technique was specific, sensitive and simple with low expend. This was provide a valuable tool for further experiment and had signafication to qualitative and quantitative monitoring of red tide algae.  相似文献   

13.
纳米TiO2 对海洋生源要素含量及威氏海链藻生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
探讨不同质量浓度纳米TiO2(0,4,8,12,16,20 mg/L)对海洋生源要素(N,P,Si,Fe)含量及威氏海链藻(Thalassiosira weissflogii)生长的影响。实验结果表明:随纳米二氧化钛浓度增大,对海洋生源要素的吸附率有不同程度的提高,海洋生源要素含量下降,对磷和铁的影响最为明显;纳米二氧化钛吸附对氮磷比和硅磷比影响很大,氮磷比为68~126,硅磷比为74~135,而对硅氮比影响很小基本维持在1。纳米二氧化钛对威氏海链藻生长有明显抑制,并存在剂量—效应关系,与海洋生源要素含量影响存在相关性。  相似文献   

14.
The effects of nutrients on the fluorescence characteristics and biochemical composition of marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana 3H in light and dark cycles were investigated with continuous culture. The results show that with the increase of nutrient deficiency, the ratio of enhanced fluorescence to fluorescence (Fd/F), cellular chloropyll-a and protein content of the algae decline, but the fluorescence yield (F/Chl), DCMU enhanced fluorescence yield (Fd/Chl), cellular carbohydrate content, carbohydrate/Chl, protein/Chl, carbohydrate/protein increase. The changing amplitude of each parameter is different at different nutrition status, sampling time and different light intensity.  相似文献   

15.
2013年春季和夏季对长岛周边海域进行了环境与生物综合调查,利用多元统计分析对长岛周边海域浮游植物分布及其影响因素进行分析。根据水环境分析结果对调查海域进行聚类分析,结果表明,春季(M1、M2)与夏季(A1、A2)均可分为两大类。M1与A2为高温高营养盐区,M2与A1为低温低营养盐区。调查期间,共发现69种浮游植物。硅藻为两季主要浮游植物,春季浮游植物细胞丰度远大于夏季。春季共发现1种明显的优势种,为柔弱几内亚藻(Guinardia delicatula(Cleve)Hasle)。夏季共发现5种优势种,分别为具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)、圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus sp.)、离心列海链藻(Thalassiosira eccentrica)与具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)。影响春季浮游植物分布的最佳解释变量组合为温度(WT)、透明度(SD)、风速(WS)和溶解总碳(DTC)组合,其中,温度影响最显著(极显著负相关);夏季则为盐度(S)、活性磷酸盐(SRP)和N/Si组合,其中活性磷酸盐影响最大(显著负相关)。  相似文献   

16.
王甫文  李迎  甄毓  刘乾 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1127-1135
本研究通过转录组技术对不同氮源培养下的多形微眼藻(Minutocellus polymorphus)固碳途径进行分析。通过对转录本进行NR、NT、Swiss-Prot和KOG富集分类及GO、KEGG相关代谢途径和基因差异表达分析,构建了多形微眼藻固碳途径。研究发现该藻除具有C_3固碳途径外,还具有较完整的C_4固碳通路。在注释到的164个固碳相关编码基因中,有33个出现明显表达差异。根据基因的差异表达情况可以发现,在有机氮源中多形微眼藻C_3固碳途径的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸再生阶段和C_4固碳途径的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸再生阶段相关编码基因均有上调表达, C_4固碳羧化阶段相关编码基因均有下调表达。研究对比了多形微眼藻与假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana)、三角褐脂藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)固碳途径的异同点,发现多形微眼藻与抑食金球藻有相似的C_4固碳途径,与三角褐脂藻有相似的C_3固碳途径。进一步分析多形微眼藻碳氮代谢途径基因表达情况,发现两种代谢途径相互支撑,存在协同效应。研究结果可丰富微藻的固碳通路研究,也可为深入分析褐潮暴发原因提供依据。  相似文献   

17.
中型浮游动物因摄食微型浮游动物,释放了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,这种营养级联效应会增加浮游植物丰度和降低中型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率,从而弱化浮游生物网营养传递过程中的下行控制作用。本研究在实验室模拟了食物链中肋骨条藻-裸甲藻-双毛纺锤水蚤的营养传递过程,发现在中肋骨条藻低生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好于选择摄食裸甲藻;高生物量时,双毛纺锤水蚤偏好选择摄食中肋骨条藻。营养传递过程中存在正的级联效应(0.018~0.12 d^-1),级联效应的大小与裸甲藻的摄食率和双毛纺锤水蚤对裸甲藻的摄食选择指数呈现显著的正相关关系。双毛纺锤水蚤对中肋骨条藻的直接摄食死亡率大于营养级联效应,从而导致中肋骨条藻生物量的降低。因此,营养级联效应对中型浮游动物摄食浮游植物的影响要弱于中型浮游动物的直接摄食作用。  相似文献   

18.
二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)是脂类合成途径中的关键酶,其表达水平的高低影响着脂类含量的高低。微量元素Fe3+对于微藻的生长不可或缺,且影响着微藻中油脂的累积。本实验以假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana)为研究对象,分析了铁限制(0.000 03mmol/L)和高铁胁迫(0.3 mmol/L)2种Fe3+胁迫条件下,不同种群生长期中性脂累积及二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)的基因表达受到的影响。结果显示:铁限制条件下,微藻种群生长及其中性脂的合成受到抑制,DGAT的表达量下降;高铁胁迫条件下,高浓度Fe3+可促进中性脂合成与DGAT的表达,但抑制微藻种群生长。因此,富铁条件下更利于总脂的收集。  相似文献   

19.
Green tides caused by the unusual accumulation of high floating Ulva prolifera have occurred regularly in the Yellow Sea since 2007. The primary source of the Yellow Sea green tides is the attached algae on the Pyropia aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal. Ulva prolifera and Blidingia(Italic) sp. are the main species observed on Pyropia aquaculture rafts in the Subei Shoal. We found that U. prolifera has strong buoyancy and a rapid growth rate, which may explain why it is the dominant species of green tides that occur in the China's sea area of the Yellow Sea. The growth rate of floating U. prolifera was about 20%–31% d–1, which was much higher than Blidingia(Italic) sp. There were about 1.7 × 10~4 t of attached algae on the Pyropia aquaculture rafts in May 2012. We found that 39% of attached algae could float when the tide rose in the Subei Shoal, and U. prolifera accounted for 63% of the floating algae. Our analysis estimated that about 4 000 t of attached U. prolifera floated into the surrounding waters of the Subei Shoal during the recycling period of aquaculture rafts. These results suggest that the initial floating biomass of large-scale green tides in the Yellow Sea is determined by the U. prolifera biomass attached to Pyropia aquaculture rafts, further impacting the scale of the green tide.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

The aim of this experimental study is to estimate the maximum shear modulus (Gmax) of normally consolidated clayey soils using the results of a dilatometer test (DMT). A series of DMTs was conducted at the Busan New Port and Noksan sites in South Korea. In addition, basic index tests, bender element tests (i.e., shear wave velocity (Vs) measurements), and standard 1-D consolidation tests were performed using the undisturbed specimens. The results demonstrate that the Gmax of normally consolidated Busan clays cannot be adequately captured by the horizontal stress index (KD)-based empirical formula. Therefore, a Gmax estimating formula for normally consolidated clayey soils is newly suggested in this study using the dilatometer constrained modulus (MDMT) and stress-normalized material index (ID). Most notably, the estimated Gmax values using the suggested formula are comparable with the measured Gmax of both this study and the previous study on normally consolidated clayey soils.  相似文献   

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