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1.
一种判别原始岩浆的方法--以苦橄岩和碱性玄武岩为例   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
在前人工作基础上,利用橄榄石和熔浆的Fe—Mg分配乐数,重新制作了MgO—Fo—FeO图解,该图解的优点在于其适用范围更宽,既可用于超基性的苦橄岩,也可用于一般的玄武岩或橄榄玄粗岩系。同时介绍了该图解运用的方法,并且以峨眉山大火成岩省中苦橄岩和黑龙江镜泊湖地区全新世碱性玄武岩为例,说明如何应用该图解来恢复原始岩浆以及解释岩石的成因。研究结果表明,峨眉山大火成岩省中的苦橄岩部分代表了原始岩浆,部分有过剩橄榄石的加入,部分为演化的岩浆形成。与苦橄岩密切共生的辉斑玄武岩是苦橄质岩浆通过橄榄石的分离结晶作用形成的,而在峨眉山大火成岩省中占绝对优势的温流玄武岩则不是苦橄质岩浆简单的分离结晶作用形成。镜泊湖地区的碱性玄武岩均为演化的岩浆,而碧玄岩演化程度较低,碱玄岩则是原始岩浆高度演化的产物。  相似文献   

2.
橄榄石是幔源原始岩浆中最早结晶的一种矿物,而且其化学成分可以提供源区橄榄岩性质的信息。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的100Mg/(Mg+Fe)值(Fo)范围较宽,从94到85,而NiO的含量约为0.4%(wt,以下同)。橄榄石Fo值的微小差异导致对原始岩浆MgO含量估计的较大不同。例如,原始的洋中脊玄武岩中橄榄石的Fo值相当于92、90和88,而MgO的含量分别约为16、12.5和10%。因此,在估计原始岩浆组分时,关键在于得到源区中橄榄石Fo的精确值。  相似文献   

3.
滇西莴中新生代高镁富钾火山岩富含橄榄石斑晶,其核部Fo含量变化较大(94~75%),由大斑晶(〉1mm)、中等粒径斑晶(0.3~1mm)至小斑晶(〈0.3mm),Fo含量总体变小;橄榄石斑晶CaO含量大于0.1wt%,随着Fo含量的降低,MnO含量升高,而NiO含量降低,并具有明显的岩浆结晶分异趋势,均为岩浆成因,但来源复杂;大斑晶和中等粒径斑晶的核部Fo含量明显与全岩MgO不平衡,均属于捕虏晶来源。橄榄石斑晶中的尖晶石包裹体高Cr#(0.77~0.94)、低Mg#(0.17~0.65),具有较低的Al2O3含量(〈10wt%);尖晶石包裹体的TiO2含量总体上较低(〈1.0wt%),暗示了绝大部分橄榄石属于岛弧型岩浆成因,来源于富集交代的方辉橄榄岩部分熔融岩浆;少量高TiO2尖晶石包裹体(1.36~3.96wt%)的存在则暗示了部分橄榄石斑晶的形成可能与峨眉山大火成岩省有关。大斑晶和中等粒径斑晶橄榄石均具明显的成分梯度变化,由核部、幔部至边部。其Fo、NiO含量降低而MnO、CaO含量增大,并且边部成分特征与小斑晶橄榄石相类似,其源区至少存在两次岩浆作用过程,核部成分变化反映的是早期高Mg#岩浆中的橄榄石结晶分离作用过程,而边部以及小斑晶橄榄石的成分变化则反映了后期喷发岩浆(Mg#略低)体系中橄榄石的结晶分离作用过程。  相似文献   

4.
甘肃北山黑山岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床橄榄石特征及成因意义   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
黑山铜镍硫化物矿床是近年在甘肃北山发现的大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床,含矿岩体主要由含矿橄榄岩相和南部边缘的角闪辉长岩相构成。研究发现含矿岩体中的橄榄石属贵橄榄石(Fo值为81.54~86.87),其w(Ni)介于(801.53~2 703.19)×10-6;利用橄榄辉长岩中最高Fo值和主量元素反演,表明原始岩浆属高镁玄武质岩浆,w(MgO)=11.65%,w(FeO)=10.12%;橄榄石分离结晶模拟计算结果表明,橄榄石结晶过程中伴随有0.12%~0.17%硫化物熔离,深部岩浆房中橄榄石分离结晶程度小于3%,橄榄石与硫化物最小质量比约14∶1;隙间硅酸盐熔浆和硫化物熔浆作用明显,是造成早期结晶橄榄石成分变化的重要原因。  相似文献   

5.
中天山地块科马提质超镁铁岩体的发现:新疆峡东岩体   总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3  
新疆和甘肃交界处的峡东岩体是以纯橄岩为主的超镁铁质杂岩体,经过全岩主量元素分析和橄榄石的探针分析,发现纯橄岩具有很高的MgO含量(36%~39%),橄榄石的镁值(Fo值)在90~96之间。通过反演原始岩浆成分的方法得到原始岩浆中MgO=28%、FeO=9%,属于科马提质岩浆。通过模拟初始岩浆的结晶分异过程,峡东岩体是科马提质岩浆发生高程度结晶分异的产物。利用MELTS软件计算原始岩浆的演化过程,得到初始岩浆的液态温度为1703℃,在1649℃和1555℃时分别开始结晶铬尖晶石和橄榄石,在1093℃开始结晶单斜辉石,这一结晶顺序与峡东岩体的矿物组合是一致的,也说明峡东岩体是科马提质岩浆高度结晶分异的产物。通过计算得到初始岩浆为原始地幔发生24%的高度部分熔融形成,如此高程度的部分熔融是否与地幔柱有关还有待进一步研究。鉴于橄榄石中的Ni含量未发现有与硫化物发生交换反应的证据,因此对于其铜镍硫化物成矿条件是不利因素,其他控制硫化物熔离的因素还需要进一步探讨,但铬尖晶石充分结晶分异为发育铬铁矿矿化提供了有利的条件。  相似文献   

6.
丽江地区的苦橄岩位于峨眉山大火成岩省的西部,其与辉斑玄武岩、无斑玄武岩和玄武质火山碎屑岩共生。苦橄岩中的斑晶主要为富镁橄榄石,其F0含量最高达91.6%,CaO含量最高达0.42%,其内含有少量玻璃包裹体,指示了橄榄石是在熔体中结晶形成的。苦橄岩中的铬尖晶石具有高的Cr#值(73-75)。计算的初始岩浆的MgO含量大约为22wt%,初始熔融的温度为1630-1680℃。研究结果表明,玄武质岩石是苦橄质岩浆通过橄榄石和单斜辉石分离结晶形成的。苦橄岩和玄武岩的Nd-Sr-Pb同位素比值差别不大,只落在一个很小的范围内(如εNd(t)=-1.3 to+4.0)。高的εNd(t)值以及抗蚀变不相容元素的原始地幔标准化图解与洋岛玄武岩相似,并且其重稀土元素特征指示了源区有石榴子石的残余,而且是低部分熔融的产物。同位素比值与抗蚀变不相容元素比值(如Nb/La)的相关性表明,岩浆形成过程中有少量的大陆地壳物质或者相对低εNd(t)组分的大陆岩石圈地幔的混染。因此,总体上,苦橄岩的地球化学特征的研究结果支持了峨眉山大火成岩省是地幔柱头部熔融的成因模型。  相似文献   

7.
云南鸡街碱性超基性岩杂岩体的主体岩石为岩浆结晶分异作用的产物,形成顺序为霞霓钠辉岩→霓霞岩→磷霞岩。在杂岩体的霓霞岩中发现了1粒具分带现象的橄榄石,从中心到边缘,SiO2、MgO和NiO逐渐降低,而FeO和MnO逐渐升高。MgO与SiO2和NiO之间呈正相关关系,与FeO和MnO之间呈负相关关系,中心的Fo值(最高为86.91)略高于霞霓钠辉岩中斑晶橄榄石(Fo值:85.66~86.02),而边缘的Fo值(最低为73.82)与霓霞岩中无分带现象橄榄石(Fo值:72.18~74.72)相近。各种证据表明,发现的具分带现象橄榄石可能不是霓霞岩熔体结晶分异作用的产物,而可能是霓霞岩熔体捕获的Fo值相对较高(高于霓霞岩橄榄石的Fo值)的橄榄石晶体内部MgO和FeO等成分扩散作用的结果。  相似文献   

8.
橄榄石的矿物化学成分可以很好的反映母岩浆成分、岩浆分异结晶及硫化物熔离作用等信息.坡北镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中橄榄石电子探针成分分析表明:橄榄石均为贵橄榄石,其化学成分与寄主岩石类型密切相关,其中橄榄辉长岩中橄榄石的Fo值在74~81之间,橄长岩或橄榄单斜辉石岩中橄榄石Fo=75~82.7,异剥橄榄岩或橄榄岩中橄榄石Fo值为83.6~86.3,暗示橄榄岩结晶早于橄榄辉长岩.橄榄石Ni含量变化范围为(174~2281)×10-6.利用最高Fo含量的橄榄石成分计算得到坡北岩体母岩浆MgO=14.38%,为高镁玄武岩浆.橄榄石分离结晶和硫化物熔离模拟显示:坡北岩体主要发生了~25%的橄榄石分离结晶,在橄榄石结晶程度为2%~4%的过程中,发生过硫化物熔离作用,但熔离程度较低(~0.2%).总体来看,该区成矿远景不佳.  相似文献   

9.
坡十Ni矿化超镁铁侵入体的矿化岩相主要为第二侵入期次的(斜长)单辉橄榄岩、(斜长)二辉橄榄岩、 纯橄岩等岩相。坡十超镁铁岩的橄榄石成分变化范围较大, 橄榄石的Fo值在76.8~89.6之间, Ni含量为767×10-6~4 580×10-6。铬尖晶石的Mg#值和Cr#值变化范围分别为19.4~41.9和49.8~64.8, 原生铬尖晶石中Cr2O3和Al2O3表现为负相关, 蚀变改造的铬尖晶石则表现为正相关。橄榄石成分剖面显示坡十母岩浆处于一个动态的岩浆系统中, 成分稳定的新鲜岩浆的补给、 持续向上的动力及浅部橄榄石快速分离结晶,造成了不同深度橄榄石成分的不同变化。坡十侵入体母岩浆估算结果为MgO=14.49%, FeO=10.01%,模拟结果显示橄榄石中Ni含量的变化主要受橄榄石结晶分异和硫化物不混溶作用共同控制,其中橄榄石与硫化物熔体发生明显的Fe-Ni交换反应。坡十母岩浆中橄榄石分离结晶造成的硫饱和,是坡十硫化物熔离的重要因素。橄榄石高Fo值、母岩浆高MgO、超镁铁岩中斜长石发育、矿物高结晶温度和铬尖晶石成分的弧岩浆特征显示,塔里木东北缘坡十侵入体是俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的母岩浆的产物,表现出低压高温的演化特征,其中源区熔融机制可能与塔里木二叠纪地幔柱提供的热源或该区大规模拆沉作用造成的软流圈上涌有关。  相似文献   

10.
新疆北山地区聚集着坡北、罗东、红石山、漩涡岭和笔架山等众多的二叠纪大型镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体,主要由橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩组成,具有堆晶韵律层,其形成年龄(260.7~289 Ma)与塔里木大火成岩省年龄接近。岩体橄榄石Fo值与Ni含量正相关;与原始地幔相比,微量元素富集Rb、Sr和Pb,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr和Hf;稀土元素具LREE亏损-平坦型球粒陨石标准化配分曲线。岩石PGE含量低、具IPGE亏损型原始地幔标准化配分型式。SrNd同位素位于亏损地幔(DM)与OIB范围之间,Re-Os同位素组成与地幔柱岩浆作用形成的Noril'sk铜镍硫化物矿床和峨眉山溢流玄武岩重叠。模拟计算表明,母岩浆Mg O含量高,岩浆初始液相线温度及结晶温度高,岩浆演化过程中经历了分离结晶作用、地壳混染以及早期的硫化物熔离。由此推断北山大型镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体可能是在后碰撞伸展环境叠加地幔柱作用,诱发软流圈上涌、岩石圈底侵,导致俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔在高温条件下高程度部分熔融形成的,具有较大的岩浆矿床成矿潜力。  相似文献   

11.
We used a combined field and modeling approach to estimate the potential for submergence for one rapidly deteriorating (Bayou Chitigue Marsh) and one apparently stable (Old Oyster Bayou Marsh) saltmarsh wetland in coastal Louisiana, given two eustatic sea level rise scenarios: the current rate (0.15 cm year−1); and the central value predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (48 cm by the year 2100). We also used the model to determine what processes were most critical for maintaining and influencing salt marsh elevation including, mineral matter deposition, organic matter production, shallow subsidence (organic matter decomposition + primary sediment compaction), deep subsidence, and sediment pulsing events (e.g., hurricanes). Eight years of field measurements from feldspar marker horizons and surface elevation tables revealed that the rates of vertical accretion at the Bayou Chitigue Marsh were high (2.26 (0.09) cm yr−1 (mean ± SE)) because the marsh exists at the lower end of the tidal range. The rate of shallow subsidence was also high (2.04 (0.1) cm yr−1), resulting in little net elevation gain (0.22 (0.06) cm yr−1). In contrast, vertical accretion at the Old Oyster Bayou Marsh, which is 10 cm higher in elevation, was 0.48 (0.09) cm yr−1. However, there was a net elevation gain of 0.36 (0.08) cm yr−1 because there was no significant shallow subsidence. When these rates of elevation gain were compared to rates of relative sea level rise (deep subsidence plus eustatic sea level rise), both sites showed a net elevation deficit although the Bayou Chitigue site was subsiding at approximately twice the rate of the Old Oyster Bayou site (1.1 cm yr−1 versus 0.49 cm yr−1 respectively). These field data were used to modify, initialize, and calibrate a previously published wetland soil development model that simulates primary production and mineral matter deposition as, feedback functions of elevation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that wetland elevation was most sensitive to changes in the rates of deep subsidence, a model forcing function that is difficult to measure in the field and for which estimates in the literature vary widely. The model also revealed that, given both the current rate of sea level rise and the central value estimate, surface elevation at both sites would fall below mean sea level over the next 100 years. Although these results were in agreement with the field study, they contradicted long term observations that the Old Oyster Bayou site has been in equilibrium with sea level for at least the past 50 years. Further simulations showed that the elevation at the Old Oyster Bayou site could keep pace with current rates of sea level rise if either a lower rate for deep subsidence was used as a forcing function, or if a periodic sediment pulsing function (e.g., from hurricanes) was programmed into the model.  相似文献   

12.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。   相似文献   

13.
Refined analytical expressions for the frequencies corresponding to the Chandler motion of the pole and the diurnal rotation of the deformable Earth are derived. Numerical estimates of the period and amplitude of the polar oscillations are presented. The trajectory of the Chandler polar motion derived via numerical modeling is in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental data from the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS). An evolutionary model describing slow variations in the Earth’s rotation parameters under the action of the dissipative moments of the tidal gravitational forces on time scales considerably longer than the precession period of the Earth’s axis is constructed. The axis of the Earth’s figure tends to approach the angular momentum vector of the proper rotation.  相似文献   

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15.
The digital computer can be a tireless friend and assistant to the geologist. The computer has no innate intelligence, but given adequate programs to analyze and interrelate the information on maps, photos, surveys, and other material, the computer can serve as an analytical tool and consultant. To the geologist's qualitative knowledge, theories, and models can be added the possibility of the computer's mathematically precise numerical answers, confirming or refuting the original ideas. In the interactive mode in particular, a dialogue between the geologist and the computer is established, where the geologist and the computer can complement each other's abilities. The basic principles of processing two-dimensional geological data, such as maps, charts, photos, and survey results, are discussed. Some comparisons are also made between the rule-based methods of Prospector, developed at Stanford Research Institute, and the more intuitively guided image-based procedures of GIAPP, developed on the equipment at the National Research Council of Canada, in collaboration with the Geological Survey of Canada and the University of Ottawa.  相似文献   

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18.
大回线瞬变电磁法全区视电阻率的逆样条插值计算   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
给出了一种方便快捷的瞬变电磁全区视电阻率数值计算方法--逆样条插值法。对几例由2.5维正演程序获得的理论数据的计算结果表明,逆样条插值法用于全区视电阻率的定义是可行的。与此同时,该方法的实现也为瞬变电磁自动反演中初始模型的构制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

19.
The extinction of ichthyosaurs is not well understood both in terns of time and of causation although it is supposed to have happened at some point of the Late Cretaceous. Four species of ichthyosaurs attributed to the single cosmopolitan genus Platypteygius Huene, 1922 are currently recognized from the Albian and Cenomanian, but after that time only fragmentary remains have been described. A review of these available post-Cenomanian ichthyosaur remains reveals that all are doubtful either from a stratigraphic or a systematic point of view. Ichthyosaur extinction may be tentatively correlated with the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary events. During this interval, biological factors such as a break in the food chain attested by severe extinction in marine invertebrates, especially belemnites, may have led to the extinction of ichthyosaurs.  相似文献   

20.
尾矿坝非饱和带的滞水现象是影响坝体稳定性的重要因素。基于尾矿沉积物土工技术的经验参数,建立了含水率与基质吸力的经验模型。经黄山岭铅锌矿尾矿坝和试验室模拟分析验证,预测结果与实际观测结果基本吻合。  相似文献   

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