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1.
新疆库车盆地盐泉水水化学特征、来源及找钾指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
库车盆地是塔里木盆地的一个次级凹陷,位于新疆塔里木陆块北缘与西南天山之间。文章介绍了库车盆地盐泉水的化学特征、来源及其找钾指示意义。对库车盆地几个代表性盐泉出露区进行盐泉水样品(21件)采集和分析,研究了其化学组成特征、水化学类型和氢氧同位素组成,同时根据收集的129件盐泉水化学数据资料,生成了盐泉水水化学分布图。新采自库车盆地的21件盐泉水样品矿化度范围为120.216~305.322g/L,水型以氯化物型(瓦里亚什科分类法)为主,具有明显的深部地层氯化钙型卤水的特征。氢氧同位素组成分析发现,盐泉水δ18 O范围为-9.1‰~4.7‰,δ2 H值范围为-75‰~-28‰,投点偏离大气降水线且δ18 O和δ2 H具有一定的正相关关系(r=0.81),表明该区盐泉水曾受到强烈蒸发作用影响,同时也受水—岩作用影响,存在一定的δ18 O漂移现象。库车盆地盐泉水组成特征与深部岩层岩性有密切关系,而断裂控制盐泉水出露与分布,盐泉水形成的地表地球化学异常对于该区找钾有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
2.
壳-幔演化和板块俯冲作用过程中的硼同位素示踪 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
硼同位素是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的稳定同位素地球化学方法。硼有两个稳定同位素 :10 B和11B。硼同位素组成自然界变化十分大 ,δ11B值为 - 37‰～ +58‰。对地幔岩石的硼同位素研究表明 ,原始地幔的δ11B值为 - 10‰± 2‰ ,B的质量分数估算为 (0 2 5± 0 1)×10 -6。相对而言 ,地壳岩石的B含量和δ11B值均较高。由于壳、幔岩石具有不同的B含量和δ11B值 ,硼同位素已被广泛应用于研究壳幔演化和板块俯冲作用过程 ,用于示踪俯冲板块中大洋沉积物和蚀变洋壳在地幔中的循环。 相似文献
3.
多彩地玛铅锌矿位于青藏高原东北缘的青海玉树地区,夹持于西金乌兰-金沙江缝合带与班公湖-怒江缝合带之间,属于"三江"北段铜铅锌银多金属成矿带。结合区域地质调查及研究现状,对矿区围岩碳酸盐岩和两期热液方解石脉开展了C-O同位素组成分析,对硫化物矿石矿物和重晶石进行了S同位素组成分析。结果表明:赋矿围岩中方解石的δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O值范围分别为-1.6‰~+3.0‰和+21.2‰~+27.6‰,属于正常海相碳酸盐岩沉积,C和O来自海水;方解石脉体的δ~(13)C和δ~(18)O的值范围分别为-1.5‰~+2.1‰和+15.2‰~+20.3‰,C来自海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,~(18)O因热液蚀变碳酸盐岩在水/岩反应中同位素交换作用的影响而明显亏损;硫酸盐重晶石的δ~(34)S值范围为+12.3‰~+15.7‰,硫化物方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值范围为-8.2‰~+5.7‰,峰值为-2.0‰~-3.0‰,反映了总体富轻硫的特征,硫源主要为盆地热卤水萃取地层蒸发岩中硫酸盐,并通过有机质热分解反应还原为低价硫分馏而得到;硫化物较宽的δ~(34)S变化范围反映了成矿物质在盆地内流体活动期间与不同地层单元发生相互作用,盆地内富有机质地层中沉积或生物成因S也有可能为成矿提供了部分硫源。 相似文献
4.
辽东地区沉积变质硼矿床及硼同位素研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
辽东地区元古界硼矿床属于沉积变质硼矿。根据现代盐湖沉积 ,认为硼矿物沉积通常为硼砂 ,然后在区域变质作用过程中 ,硼砂矿物转变为硼镁矿物或硼铁矿等硼酸盐矿物 ,但辽东硼矿床中不同硼矿物的硼同位素有一定差别。电气石富10 B ,δ11B值较低或呈负值 ;而硼镁石与硼镁铁矿类矿物明显富集11B ,δ11B值较高 ,为 +2 3‰～ +17 4‰。根据水岩作用过程中硼同位素分馏特征的研究 ,11B与10 B比较有下列 4个特征 :( 1) 11B属于极不相容元素 ,优先进入水相 ,因此在变质残余矿物相中形成低的δ11B值 ;( 2 )在蚀变和交代变质反应中硅优先替代11B进入矿物晶格 ,因此在硅化交代中可以降低δ11B值 ,而脱硅反应中可以提高δ11B值 ;水化作用中 ,OH-带入11B ,使富水矿物具有较高的δ11B值 ;( 3)热水沉积及热液交代成因电气石均具有较低的δ11B值或者为负值 ;( 4)通过最近的研究表明 ,在热蒸馏过程中 ,硼同位素会发生明显的分馏 ,11B倾向于进入蒸汽相 ,而使残余相或后蒸馏相亏损11B ,形成较低的δ11B值。因此可以认为辽东地区元古界硼矿床属于热水沉积电气石岩在后期区域变质或热变质过程中分解出硼酸气水溶液交代镁碳酸盐形成硼镁石或硼镁铁矿矿物 ,而非蒸发沉积变质矿床。 相似文献
5.
辽东翁泉沟硼镁铁矿矿床海相蒸发成因：来自稳定同位素地球化学证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
翁泉沟硼镁铁矿矿床呈层状赋存于南辽河群里尔裕组火山_沉积地层下部的钙镁硅酸盐岩中,是一个大型含铀硼镁铁矿矿床。文章运用LA_MC_ICP_MS硼同位素微区原位测试技术和MC_ICP_MS酸溶法硼同位素测试技术,获得硼镁铁矿矿石中δ11B值为6.9‰~8.2‰;硼镁石δ11B值为7.4‰~7.8‰;变粒岩(上盘)内电气石的δ11B值为4.2‰~4.8‰;蛇纹石化碳酸盐岩中的δ11B值为7.6‰~9.4‰。镁铁矿矿石内磁黄铁矿的δ34SV_CDT值为12.3‰~13.2‰,矿体上下层位中的蛇纹石化大理岩δ13CV_PDB值为-4.6‰~1.8‰,矿床外围同层位的大理岩δ13CV_PDB值为-1.2‰~0.1‰。文章结合该矿床内成矿地层中的蛇纹石化镁质大理岩、橄榄玄武岩和硼镁铁矿的共生关系,认为辽东地区硼酸盐矿床中的硼最初来自富硼海水,后经蒸发和变质作用而形成硼酸盐矿床。 相似文献
6.
硼同位素及其地质应用研究 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
硼的两个稳定同位素（10B 和11B）相对质量差较大,因此,硼同位 素分馏较显著。由于分析测量技术方面的改进和创新, 硼同位素地球化学近年来有了长足 的发展。业已查明,自然界中δ11B值变化为 －37‰～+58‰。其中,较负的 δ11B值见于非海相蒸发硼酸盐矿物和某些电气石,而较正的δ11B值见 于某些盐湖卤水和蒸发海水。现代大洋水的δ11B值十分恒定 (+39,5‰)。原始 地幔的δ11B值估测为－10‰±2‰。陨石的δ11B值很不均一,变化 可达90‰。而月岩的δ11B值变化较小（－6‰～+4‰）。由于硼同位素存在大的 分馏和不同地质体中截然不同的δ11B值,硼同位素地质应用范围十分广泛。目 前,硼同位素在研究星云形成过程和宇宙事件,壳-幔演化和板块俯冲作用过程,判别沉积 环境,研究矿床成因,示踪古海洋和古气候条件,和判断环境污染源区等方面的研究中成效显著。 相似文献
7.
老挝钾盐矿所属的呵叻盆地是世界上最大的钾盐矿集区之一,矿物组合主要为石盐、光卤石和次生钾石盐等,裂隙水分布于钾镁盐矿层中(深度150m左右)。裂隙水渗漏已严重影响了矿区生产安全,但关于该水体的来源及演化过程仍不明确。本文系统采集矿层中裂隙水及周围各种水体样品12件,并测试其水化学及氢氧(2 H、18 O)同位素组成。结果表明裂隙水矿化度较高(368.1g/L~430.7g/L),裂隙水与盐泉水水化学类型同为氯化物型,分析常微量离子含量特征及水化学特征系数,显示裂隙水受到钾镁盐溶滤掺杂的影响。裂隙水δD=-64.2‰~-55.2‰,δ~(18) O=-7.75‰~-7.1‰,其比值范围显著区别于石盐(δD=-144‰~-78‰,δ~(18) O=-1.1‰~4.2‰)和钾镁盐(δD=-54.75‰~-1.42‰,δ~(18) O=-7.09‰~0.95‰)沉积阶段原始卤水氢氧同位素组成,而位于全球大气降水线附近,表明裂隙水不具有原始残留卤水特征,而主要由大气降水溶滤蒸发岩矿物所形成。裂隙水成因的查明为该区地下水循环和钾盐矿床开发过程中地下水渗漏治理提供了一定依据。 相似文献
8.
青海和西藏的某些天然硼酸盐矿物的硼同位素组成 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
硼同位素地球化学的研究越来越受到国内外学者的关注。本文对我国盐湖主要分布地区的青海、西藏的某些富硼盐湖中结晶析出的硼矿物进行了硼同位素分析。所有的硼酸盐矿物都经过了X射线和化学分析的验证。分析结果表明 ,采集的西藏地区的硼酸盐矿物的1 1 B 1 0 B值为 4.0 0 5 1～ 4.0 6 31,δ1 1 B值为 - 11.1‰～ +3.2‰ ;青海地区的硼酸盐矿物的1 1 B 1 0 B值为 3.930 7～ 4.0 42 0 ,δ1 1 B值为 - 2 9.5‰～ - 2 .0‰。这说明这些地区的硼酸盐矿物沉积均属于陆相成因。 相似文献
9.
青海察尔汗盐湖碳酸盐的硼同位素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
盐湖蒸发岩的硼(B)同位素组成(δ~(11)B)对卤水古盐度变化具有一定的指示意义,但关于盐湖体系碳酸盐沉积的B同位素组成研究较少。本文对察尔汗盐湖百米钻(ISL1A)岩芯碳酸盐进行了B含量及B同位素组成的精确测定。结果表明,所测样品的B含量在10.88×10~(-6)~265.66×10~(-6)之间,δ~(11)B值的变化范围为-1.28‰~+9.94‰,B含量和δ~(11)B值呈现较明显的正相关关系。分析表明,随着盐湖卤水盐度的增大,卤水的B同位素组成也逐渐增大,这导致盐类沉积物的B同位素组成也相应增大。在天然盐湖中,不充分的沉积分异作用使得蒸发岩析出时依然可能存在碳酸盐沉积,碳酸盐的析出可能贯穿盐湖演化的各个阶段,因此可以尝试利用碳酸盐的B同位素组成分析盐湖在整个演化过程中卤水的盐度变化情况。ISL1A钻孔碳酸盐B同位素组成的变化较好地反映了察尔汗盐湖在41.8ka以来古卤水盐度的变化及其在析盐过程中经历的气候干湿波动。 相似文献
10.
老挝他曲盆地钾盐矿床蒸发岩硫
同位素特征及成钾指示意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
老挝含盐盆地白垩纪时期位于新特提斯域东南部,晚白垩世沉积了巨型钾盐矿床。其中,万象东南部的他曲盆地钻孔含盐系中硬石膏δ34SV-CDT值集中分布在13.8‰~15.3‰,与同期海相蒸发岩δ34S值近似,表明石膏为海相成因。据此,也进一步证实老挝含盐盆地成钾物质大多来自于同时期的古海水,但同时也受到大陆水的掺杂。依据老挝含盐盆地与思茅盆地钾盐矿床沉积时代相近,同时结合勐野井组石膏硫同位素组成,笔者初步认为两盆地在硫同位素组成上具有相近的海源特征,推断它们在海侵期可能曾连通。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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14.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
17.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献