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地下工程涌突水是影响工程施工及运行的一个重要问题,目前对水电站地下工程涌突水危险性评价的研究较少。本文以自一里水电站为例,参考已有且较为完善的岩溶隧道涌突水及非可溶岩长深隧道涌突水的危险性评价方法,从地下水通道和地下水来源(补给)两个涌突水控制因素入手,综合分析各项要素,对自一里电站地下硐室的涌突水危险性进行初步分区。结果表明:自一里电站厂址区整体涌突水危险性较低,但在局部地段有发生涌水的可能。厂址区硐室按照涌突水危险性高低可分为较高危险区、中等危险区和低危险区。 相似文献
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为解决煤层顶板突水预测预报评价难题,在提出了富水性指数和突水危险性指数的基础上,以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘新上海一号煤矿为研究对象,应用富水性指数和突水危险性指数的双图,对三个采煤工作面顶板突水危险性进行评价,结果表明,采煤活动位于富水区又位于突水危险区是顶板突（涌）水的充要条件。 相似文献
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某艰险山区铁路隧道是重要的控制工程，区域构造运动活跃、工程地质环境极为复杂，需穿越上三叠统波里拉组灰岩条带，岩溶突涌水问题突出。为了准确评价隧道涌突水的危险性，通过地质调绘、深孔钻探等手段，对隧道水文地质特征进行精细的调查和深入的分析，探明隧道岩溶发育特征及范围，将隧址区地下水径流系统分为局部表层、浅层和区域深层径流系统，并遵循多元、多层次的分析评价思路，选取不同评价指标，构建非可溶岩段和可溶岩段隧道涌突水危险性评价体系。评价结果显示，隧道涌突水问题总体以较低危险性为主，高和极高危险段仅约占隧道总长的4%和1%，主要受控于波里拉组灰岩条带和额艾顿断裂带。 相似文献
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杨彪山 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(2):95-99
在对隧道两侧进行水文地质调查的基础上,结合调查区地质环境背景,查明该区水文地质条件。分析不同地层岩性的含水性和富水性,评价地下水的补给、径流和赋存特征,预测隧道开挖时可能发生涌突水的位置。采用狭长水平廊道法、大气降水入渗系数法、比拟法和大气降水入渗法对隧道涌水量进行预算,为隧道施工开挖预防涌突水灾害提供依据。 相似文献
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岩溶隧道涌突水灾害危险性评价指标体系及量化取值方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深入分析了岩溶隧道施工过程中涌突水灾害的超前预测预报及风险评价体系的研究现状,提出了国内外关于岩溶隧道涌突水灾害的超前预测预报尚处于探索性研究阶段、如何提高预测预报的精度成为长大深埋隧道施工中涌突水灾害防治最为迫切、最为关键的问题。采用理论分析与实例统计相结合的方法,查明了岩溶隧道涌突水灾害的孕灾环境与主要致灾因子,选取“岩石可溶性、地质构造条件、地表汇水强度、地下水循环交替强度、隧道与地下水位的相对位置关系”5个评价因子,建立了岩溶隧道涌突水灾害危险性预测评价指标体系,并采用定性与定量化相结合的方法,重点对评价指标的量化取值方法进行了研究。 相似文献
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大型地下工程岩溶涌（突）水模式的水文地质分析及其工程应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
大型地下工程中涌（突）水成灾的大部分属于岩溶涌（突）水。岩溶含水介质类型、岩溶蓄水构造与地下工程岩溶涌（突）水形式密切相关。本文首先将岩溶含水介质划分为快速紊流和渗流两大系统，分析了典型的岩溶蓄水构造及其对地下工程施工运营的影响，然后给出了大型地下工程中岩溶涌（突）水的典型模式，最后对岩溶区大型地下工程防水工作的程式进行了探讨。 相似文献
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隧道岩溶突水、突泥危险性评价初探 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对渝怀线圆梁山隧道等近20座隧道岩溶突水、突泥机制的深入研究,在充分考虑方法可操作性、适用性,定性与定量评价相结合的基础上,提出了“隧道突水、突泥危险性分级体系”。建立起了以可溶岩的物质结构、地质构造条件、场效应条件、其它条件因素为一级评价指标,以断裂破碎带宽度、承压水压力条件、地形地貌特征、隧道埋深等13个影响因素为二级指标的评价体系。用层次分析法确定了各因素的权重,采用定性、定量相结合的方法确立了各指标的隶属度,并根据隧道突水、突泥危险性级别制定了相应的防治措施。最后以圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段为例,对隧道突水、突泥危险性进行了分级评价。结果表明,毛坝向斜段隧道突水、突泥极危险区长度为992 m,约占该段总长的54.07%。 相似文献
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泥石流是水电站建设中常见的地质灾害之一,研究泥石流的活动特征及评价其危险性对电站的施工及运行都具有重要的作用。根据对某水电站厂址区勘查所获取的第一手资料,对厂址区后山5条泥石流沟的成因进行分析,并在此基础上分别对5条泥石流沟的危险性及其可能在不同阶段对工程的影响进行了评价,研究结果可为厂房的设计、施工及运行提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献