共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用标准地质样品磁赤铁矿,运用XRD,BET对其进行晶型及比表面积的表征。采用动态吸附实验,研究了磁赤铁矿对浓度为1.0×10-5 mol/L的酸性桃红(Sulforhodamine,SRB),结晶紫(Crystal violet,CV)的吸附特性。考察了溶液离子浓度、pH、吸附时间以及吸附剂投加量对其吸附特性的影响。结果表明,在相同实验条件下,SRB在100min达到吸附平衡,CV在20min达到吸附平衡。溶液pH和离子强度对其吸附都有很大的影响,磁赤铁矿对CV及SRB的最大吸附量分别为3.27×10-3及0.587×10-3。利用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对吸附过程进行描述,结果表明,磁赤铁矿对SRB的吸附符合Freundlich模型,对CV的吸附属于Langmuir模型。用准一级和准二级吸附动力学方程对实验数据进行了线性回归分析,结果表明SRB属于准一级动力学方程,CV属于准二级动力学方程。热力学研究表明,磁赤铁矿吸附CV及SRB的过程都是自发进行的吸热反应。 相似文献
2.
本文利用褐铁矿中针铁矿经热脱水相变获得以纳米晶赤铁矿为主要物相的纳米-微米多级孔结构材料,并用于模拟净化富Mn~(2+)地下水。同时考察了热处理温度、初始pH值、初始Mn~(2+)浓度、吸附反应时间等对材料去除溶液中Mn~(2+)的影响。XRD、TEM、BET表征结果表明,300℃热处理产物中赤铁矿孔径最小为2.7 nm,比表面积最大达到107.4 m~2/g。吸附实验结果表明,在pH值5~10的范围内,p H值对煅烧褐铁矿颗粒对Mn~(2+)去除效果影响较小;材料在贫氧条件下对水中低浓度Mn~(2+)的最大吸附量为6.45 mg/g;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;褐铁矿热处理形成的纳米晶赤铁矿对Mn~(2+)具有吸附和催化氧化作用,其中的杂质锰氧化物对Mn~(2+)的吸附和催化氧化具有增强作用。 相似文献
3.
以焦锑酸钾(KSb(OH)_6)为Sb(V)锑源,采用XRD,XRF,FTIR对蛇纹石进行表征。探讨了不同吸附时间、Sb(V)初始浓度、初始pH、温度条件下蛇纹石吸附除Sb(V)的效果。结果表明:在动力吸附模型中,Elovich模型和假二级动力学模型对蛇纹石处理Sb(V)的拟合效果均较好,吸附过程为由化学吸附控制的非均相扩散,由假二级动力学模型可知理论最大吸附量为2.82×10~(-3);在等温吸附模型中,Langmuir模型拟合效果稍优于Freundlich模型,理论最大吸附量可达8.90×10~(-3);在广泛pH范围内,吸附量随着初始pH的降低而增加,初始pH值在1.9～3.6范围内时,吸附量迅速从6.66×10~(-3)减少至2.97×10~(-3),初始pH值大于3.6,吸附量随pH值增加而减少的幅度变小;蛇纹石对Sb(V)的吸附去除量随温度的升高而增大,最大为5.25×10~(-3)。蛇纹石Sb(V)的吸附为化学吸附;高零电点使蛇纹石在广泛pH值范围内可被质子化,Sb(OH_6)~-与质子化的镁氧(氢氧)八面体端面形成配合物。 相似文献
4.
以合成针铁矿为原料,通过煅烧法获得比表面积分别为85.74和22.65 m2/g的多孔纳米赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿,通过静态实验探究了针铁矿和煅烧产物的Sb(Ⅲ)吸附性能.结果 表明,Sb(Ⅲ)吸附效率为赤铁矿＞磁赤铁矿＞针铁矿,其前二者效率显著高于针铁矿.Sb(Ⅲ)在3种矿物表面的吸附均为快速的化学吸附,吸附在2h内即可接近平衡,符合准二级动力学反应和Freundlich等温吸附模型,为自发进行的吸热反应,升高温度有利于反应的进行.在45 ℃、pH=7的条件下,针铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿的最大吸附量分别可达16.04、50.44和33.53 mg/g.pH对赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿的Sb(Ⅲ)吸附效率影响不大,但pH升高会导致针铁矿的吸附能力降低.CO32-、SiO44-、PO43-和胡敏酸会与Sb(Ⅲ)竞争吸附位,抑制3种矿物对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附,但这种抑制作用只在阴离子浓度较高的条件下有效.研究认为磁赤铁矿具有更多的表面活性位和较强的磁回收能力,是优于针铁矿和赤铁矿的含Sb(Ⅲ)废水处理材料. 相似文献
5.
《矿物学报》2017,(Z1)
通过静态吸附实验,研究了苏云金杆菌(Bt)杀虫蛋白在凹凸棒石表面上的吸附动力学和热力学规律,考察了时间、温度、pH和蛋矿比对吸附性能的影响。研究表明:Bt杀虫蛋白能够迅速被凹凸棒石吸附,30min基本达到吸附平衡。吸附动力学对准一级、准二级、内扩散和Elovich模型的符合程度依次为:准二级模型>Elovich模型>准一级模型>内扩散模型。吸附温度升高,吸附量下降。在pH 7~10范围内,pH升高吸附量下降。初始蛋矿比升高,吸附量升高但吸附率下降。在278~318 K范围内,凹凸棒石对Bt蛋白的吸附是一个自发、放热和熵增过程。吸附自由能(△G_(ads)~0)在-35.56~-38.37 k J mol-1之间,吸附焓(△H_(ads)~0)为-16.16 k J mol~(-1),吸附熵(△S_(ads)~0)为69.47 J mol~(-1)K~(-1)。利用FTIR和XRD对吸附复合物进行了表征,提示Bt蛋白被凹凸棒石吸附后其结构没有明显变化。Bt蛋白被凹凸棒石吸附后杀虫活性提高,且抗紫外光降解能力增强,这一结果为Bt高效制剂开发和凹凸棒石的应用提供了实验依据。 相似文献
6.
通过动力学和等温吸附实验,研究了不同初始氨氮浓度下水溶铵、交换铵和固定铵在中砂上的吸附规律。结果表明,吸附平衡时各种形态铵含量随初始氨氮浓度增加而增大。3种形态铵吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。吸附速率常数K大小顺序为：固定铵〉交换铵〉水溶铵,初始速率：固定铵〈交换铵〈水溶铵。随着初始氨氮浓度的增加,水溶铵占总铵的比重由40%上升到65%,其吸附的主要限制步骤为颗粒间扩散。交换铵对总铵的贡献率维持在25%左右,吸附饱和后有所降低,初始氨氮浓度为交换铵吸附的主要限制步骤。固定铵达到饱和时,吸附量只有26.18 mg/kg,对总铵的贡献率由33%下降到9%。 相似文献
7.
8.
以坡缕石粘土为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备坡缕石/氧化铝复合材料,通过静态吸附实验研究了复合材料吸附水中磷的动力学特征、吸附平衡和热力学参数,探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,复合材料对磷有较好的吸附作用,吸附过程能较好地符合准二级动力学方程,吸附速率常数随初始浓度的增大而减小,随温度的升高有所增大;吸附平衡能较好地符合Langmuir方程和D-R方程,吸附过程吸热,ΔG为-25~-21 kJ/mol,是物理吸附和化学吸附并存的过程。 相似文献
9.
利用静态吸附实验研究了溶液pH值、反应时间、初始Cu2+浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土矿中粘土质白云岩去除Cu2+效 果的影响,将准一级、准二级、Elovich动力学方程与反应动力学进行拟合,再利用Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程对实验数 据进行等温式拟合,并与普通白云岩和凹凸棒石粘土进行了对比研究。结果表明,粘土质白云岩相对于其他两种材料受pH 影响较小,且在pH3~5范围内对Cu2+去除率均大于85%,最佳pH为5;对Cu2+的去除符合准二级动力学模型,粘土质白云 岩对铜的去除速率和去除率均最高;等温数据符合Freundlich模型,对Cu2+的最大去除量（pH=5,30℃）为186.2×10-3。粘 土质白云岩去除水中Cu2+的主要机制为矿物水化与溶解引起的表面沉淀及凹凸棒石与新生碱式碳酸铜[Cu2CO3(OH)2]胶体的静 电吸附。粘土质白云岩中纳米凹凸棒石与亚微米多孔白云石共生,具有较高的化学反应活性,除Cu2+效果明显优于普通白 云岩和凹凸棒石粘土,在处理含Cu2+废水方面具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
10.
聚合羟基铁铝蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附行为及其动力学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在一定条件下利用钠基化蒙脱石合成了聚合羟基铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyA1-Mt)、2个不同铁含量的聚合羟基铁-蒙脱石复合体(HyFe-Mt)和3个不同Fe:Al摩尔比的聚合羟基铁铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyFeAl-Mt),研究了酸性和弱酸性条件下(pH=3.0～6.5)以上蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附行为和动力学特征。结果表明,HyFeAl-Mt对磷的吸附容量大于HyA1-Mt和HyFe-Mt复合体,且随着Fe:Al摩尔比的增大,对磷的吸附容量依次增加。随pH升高,蒙脱石复合体对磷的吸附量容量变小。但随Fe:Al摩尔比增大,HyFeAl-Mt复合体零电荷点(pHZPC)升高,pH对磷的吸附的影响越来越小,HyFe-Mt对磷的吸附几乎不受pH的影响。随Fe:A1摩尔比的增大,HyFeAl-Mt对磷的吸附能力增强,铁含量是磷吸附量的重要控制因素。磷在各蒙脱石复合体上的吸附实验数据可很好地用Langmuir吸附等温方程拟合。磷在各蒙脱石复合体上的吸附动力学过程可分为快速和慢速两个过程,快速过程中的动力学受铁含量影响明显。动力学数据可同时用准二级动力学方程和Elovich方程拟合。 相似文献
11.
Statistical evaluation of 3056 δ13C measurements in carbonate rocks and fossils shows that they record a 2‰ 13C depletion from the late Proterozoic to the early Paleozoic, a 2.5‰ enrichment to the Permian, and a 1.5‰ depletion to the Cenozoic. These variations, not controlled primarily by facies or alteration phenomena, correlate negatively with the δ34S sulfate secular trend, as confirmed by collation of 1083 δ34S measurements. The correlation suggests that the biologically mediated redox fluxes of the C and S cycles have been approximately balanced through this long span of geological time, generally levelling available oxygen. Such a redox system is consistent with the controlling mechanism proposed by Garrels and Perry (1974). Consequently, the sedimentary reservoirs of Corganic as well as Sbacteriological'have varied through geological time. 相似文献
12.
Auger electron spectroscopy has been used to study K-feldspar that has been reacted with both aqueous 10% HF and a 50% mixture of a 10% HF/0.1 N H2SO4 solution. In the feldspar/HF system, the resulting feldspar surface was shown to have been fluorinated; depth profiling, using argon ion sputtering, showed the fluorination to have occurred substantially into the mineral bulk. In the feldspar/ system, the resulting surface contained both fluorine and sulfur. The fluorination had again penetrated into the bulk, but the sulfur could be removed with mild argon ion sputtering. The signal ratio was much lower on the feldspar surface treated with the 10% HF/0.1 N H2SO4 solution than the feldspar surface treated with the weaker 10% HF acid solution. 相似文献
13.
Marc Javoy Jacqueline Marette Françoise Pineau 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(9):2017-2019
Partial fluorination experiments developed on a 26 mg sample of Luna 16 fines show a big 18O enrichment in the first oxygen evolved similar to those observed by Epstein and Taylor on Apollo samples and probably related to the high solar wind content of this sample. 相似文献
14.
15.
The δC13 value for sedimentary organic carbon in four estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico increases with radial distance from the river mouth. Mass balance calculations indicate that terrestrial organic carbon is limited to sediments within a relatively short distance from the river mouth. This distance is a function of the discharge rate of the river. For the Mississippi River, terrestrial organic carbon is limited to sediments within 69 km of the mouth of Pass à Loutre and 61 km of South Pass. These data indicate that the low δC13 (< ?22%.) values reported for Pleistocene sediments in the Gulf of Mexico may be the result of factors in addition to the postulated large influx of terrestrial organic carbon. 相似文献
16.
Results of an Ar age spectrum obtained on a sample of the Kirin chondrite (K-5-13) show a similar character to previous published analyses of Kirin samples K-1 and K-2. The K-5-13 age spectrum shows clear evidence of having been substantially outgassed during a presumed collisional event about 0.5 Ga, ago, in good agreement with the estimate obtained from K-2, The differing amounts of 40Ar loss registered by K-2 and K-5-13 during the 0.5 Ga event of about 60 and 50%, respectively, allows calculation of their vertical separation in the parent body at about 10cm. 相似文献
17.
A modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to calculate the solubility of CO2 in methane at various temperatures and pressures. From the solubility of CO2 in CH4 at the triple point and at final melting (Th < Tfm), and the molar volume of solid CO2, the volume of solid at the triple point, and the molar volume of the inclusion can be calculated using a mass balance. The pressure at the melting point is calculated from the equation of state.The algorithm predicts composition, molar volume, pressure at final melting and the isochor pressure (for a given temperature of trapping) for CO2-CH4 fluid inclusions for the case Th < Tfm, given Th, Tfm and experimental data on Ph and dco2 (solid) at Th. 相似文献
18.
The oxygen isotopic compositions of over 100 Archean clastic metasedimentary, felsic metavolcanic and gneissic rocks from selected areas within the Superior Province have been determined. δ18O values of low grade, immature clastic metasediments range from 8.0 to 13.3%. and hence are somewhat depleted in 18O relative to other clastic metasediments. The lower 18O content is attributed to the large proportion of unaltered rock fragments in the Archean metasediments. Felsic metavolcanics have a similar range of δ18O values (7.3 to 13.0%..δ18O values for the middle amphibolite facies Pakwash paragneiss (8.8–11.7%.) are higher than those determined for the amphibolite to granulite facies Twilight paragneiss (7.3–9.2%.). Archean orthogneisses such as the Clay Lake gneiss (7.0–9.0%.), the Cedar Lake gneiss (7.4–8.7%.) and the Footprint gneiss (5.9-8.8%.) have δ18O values similar to those of the Twilight paragneiss. Therefore, at least at metamorphic grades higher than middle amphibolite facies, Archean metasedimentary gneisses may have δ18O values that are indistinguishable from those of Archean orthogneisses, and hence are no longer isotopically recognizable as metasedimentary rocks. 相似文献
19.
D. E. Kelsey R. W. White T. J. B. Holland R. Powell 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2004,22(6):559-578
Sapphirine, coexisting with quartz, is an indicator mineral for ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in aluminous rock compositions. Here a new activity‐composition model for sapphirine is combined with the internally consistent thermodynamic dataset used by THERMOCALC, for calculations primarily in K2O‐FeO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐H2O (KFMASH). A discrepancy between published experimentally derived FMAS grids and our calculations is understood with reference to H2O. Published FMAS grids effectively represent constant aH2O sections, thereby limiting their detailed use for the interpretation of mineral reaction textures in compositions with differing H2O. For the calculated KFMASH univariant reaction grid, sapphirine + quartz assemblages occur at P–T in excess of 6–7 kbar and 1005 °C. Sapphirine compositions and composition ranges are consistent with natural examples. However, as many univariant equilibria are typically not ‘seen’ by a specific bulk composition, the univariant reaction grid may reveal little about the detailed topology of multi‐variant equilibria, and therefore is of limited use for interpreting the P–T evolution of mineral assemblages and reaction sequences. Calculated pseudosections, which quantify bulk composition and multi‐variant equilibria, predict experimentally determined KFMASH mineral assemblages with consistent topology, and also indicate that sapphirine stabilizes at increasingly higher pressure and temperature as XMg increases. Although coexisting sapphirine and quartz can occur in relatively iron‐rich rocks if the bulk chemistry is sufficiently aluminous, the P–T window of stability shrinks with decreasing XMg. An array of mineral assemblages and mineral reaction sequences from natural sapphirine + quartz and other rocks from Enderby Land, Antarctica, are reproducible with calculated pseudosections. That consistent phase diagram calculations involving sapphirine can be performed allows for a more thorough assessment of the metamorphic evolution of high‐temperature granulite facies terranes than was previously possible. The establishment of a a‐x model for sapphirine provides the basis for expansion to larger, more geologically realistic chemical systems (e.g. involving Fe3+). 相似文献
20.
Silica‐undersaturated, sapphirine‐bearing granulites occur in a large number of localities worldwide. Such rocks have historically been under‐utilized for estimating P–T evolution histories because of limited experimental work, and a consequent poor understanding of the topology and P–T location of silica‐undersaturated mineral equilibria. Here, a calculated P–T projection for sapphirine‐bearing, silica‐undersaturated metapelitic rock compositions is constructed using THERMOCALC for the FeO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 (FMAS) and KFMASH (+K2O + H2O) chemical systems, allowing quantitative analysis of silica‐undersaturated mineral assemblages. This study builds on that for KFMASH sapphirine + quartz equilibria [Kelsey et al. (2004) Journal of Metamorphic Geology, vol. 22, pp. 559–578]. FMAS equilibria are significantly displaced in P–T space from silicate melt‐bearing KFMASH equilibria. The large number of univariant silica‐undersaturated KFMASH equilibria result in a P–T projection that is topologically more complex than could be established on the basis of experiments and/or natural assemblages. Coexisting sapphirine and silicate melt (with or without corundum) occur down to c. 900 °C in KFMASH, some 100 °C lower than in silica‐saturated compositions, and from pressures of c.≤1 to ≥12 kbar. Mineral compositions and composition ranges for the calculated phases are consistent with natural examples. Bulk silica has a significant effect on the stability of sapphirine‐bearing assemblages at a given P–T, resulting in a wide variety of possible granulite facies assemblages in silica‐undersaturated metapelites. Calculated pseudosections are able to reproduce many naturally occurring silica‐undersaturated assemblages, either within a single assemblage field or as the product of a P–T trajectory crossing several fields. With an understanding of the importance of bulk composition on sapphirine stability and textural development, silica‐undersaturated assemblages may be utilized in a quantitative manner in the detailed metamorphic investigation of high‐grade terranes. 相似文献