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中俄输油管道(漠河-大庆段)主要冻土环境问题探析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
中俄输油管道(漠河-大庆段)全长约965km,其中穿越不连续多年冻土区约441km.管道穿越中国东北大兴安岭山地丘陵和松嫩平原的北部.沿线地形复杂,冻土类型及分布情况复杂.该区是中国东北主要的寒温带森林、冻土湿地分布地区,冻土生态环境比较脆弱.管道建设将不可避免的影响到沿线植被、冻土、湿地、水资源和野生动植物等生态要素.分析了管道沿线多年冻土区主要的冻土环境特征,工程地质和环境风险问题,并提出了一些建议.由于冻土区管道在商业运行的初期和后期,发生各类泄漏事故的几率较高.因此,中俄输油管道还需准备应急预案和措施. 相似文献
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在汇总大量勘察资料的基础上,充分考虑冻土区输油管道工程的特点,以及管道与冻土之间的相互作用和过程,重点阐述中俄输油管道沿线多年冻土环境工程地质条件,确定出中俄管道沿线冻土环境工程地质区划原则和指标。按不同类型多年冻土的区域分布规律及面积比率,并考虑地温、厚度及植被变化等特征,分成4个冻土工程地质区,即漠河—瓦拉干片状冻土区、瓦拉干—劲松大片融区的多年冻土区、劲松—加格达奇岛状多年冻土区和加格达奇—乌尔其零星多年冻土区。然后按多年冻土含冰(水)量类别,并兼顾土层冻胀、融沉分类级别,又在4个区内共划分出151个冻土类别地段,依次按区分级进行评价,最后将这151个地段归纳为4种类型的工程地质地段:良好、较好、不良、极差。 相似文献
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中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)冻土工程地质考察与研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
李国玉 金会军 盛煜 张建明 俞祁浩 齐吉琳 温智 吕兰芝 童长江 郭东信 王绍令 魏智 杨思忠 吉延俊 于少鹏 何瑞霞 常晓丽 郝加前 陈友昌 吴伟 翟镇远 赵意民 《冰川冻土》2008,30(1):170-175
在2005-2007年期间,先后3次对中国-俄罗斯原油管道漠河-大庆段沿线的冻土工程地质条件等进行科学考察,开展了冻土工程地质条件及其在气候变化和人类活动作用下的评价和预测研究.考察研究结果表明:管道沿线多年冻土在各类融区、季节冻土和水系等分隔作用下呈片状或岛状分布,沿线岛状、稀疏岛状及零星岛状占多年冻土区段的40%左右;管道沿线多年冻土随着气候的转暖和人类活动的影响不断退化.地形地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化等局部因素对多年冻土的分布和地下冰的赋存产生重要的影响,管道沿线大约分布有50 km左右的沼泽湿地,其表层为腐殖质土及泥炭层,泥炭层下面分布着含土冰层或地下冰,是管道沿线最差的冻土工程地质地段;由于中俄原油管道沿线水系发育多,冻胀丘、冰椎和冰幔等不良冻土现象广泛分布.科学考察的成果为管道沿线冻土工程地质条件评价和预测、管道的稳定性影响分析以及后期的长期检测系统设置等研究奠定坚实的基础,进一步为即将开工的中俄原油管道漠河-大庆段工程的设计、施工提供科学依据. 相似文献
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中俄原油管道沿线典型土样冻胀性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中俄输油管道穿越约500 km的多年冻土区,管道沿途地形起伏,水系和沼泽发育,使得管道工程地质条件复杂.沿线地貌单元主要可分为沼泽湿地、阶地、河漫滩、坡地以及基岩山脊等5种,不同地貌单元的岩性和冻土赋存条件均不相同.选取各地貌单元的典型土样进行颗粒分析、冻胀率等试验,分析了土样冻胀率与天然含水率、干容重、粘粒含量之间的关系.结果表明:全-强风化花岗岩冻胀率最小,冻土工程地质条件最好;含有机质粉质粘土冻胀率最大,管基需要进行特殊处理;粘土和粉土冻胀率介于二者之间,对管基进行常规处理即可.该试验定量评价了中俄输油管道沿线不同地貌单元的冻胀性,为管道在确保工程长期稳定性的基础上,选择经济、环保的施工方式提供了试验依据. 相似文献
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选取中俄原油管道沿线位于多年冻土区的漠河-乌尔其段为研究区域, 分析了管道工程对多年冻土环境的影响以及冻土退化所带来的一系列生态环境问题, 并研究了冻土环境变化对管道工程的影响. 针对冻土区管道工程施工的相关问题, 提出了不同施工迹地的施工方式及相对应的冻土环境保护措施: 施工作业带的清理;取弃土的处理;施工便道、伴行道的修建及不同地段施工便道与伴行路路基最小高度的确定;施工营地、料场的设计及布设;管沟开挖时基坑暴露时间的计算, 多年冻土区管道工程的施工等.中俄输油管道是我国首条通过多年冻土区的大口径原油管道, 研究结果可为中俄输油管道及今后寒区工程建设过程中的环境保护提供科学依据. 相似文献
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中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程(简称中俄原油管道)规划全长1,035 km,中国境内段965 km,俄罗斯境内段70 km。中俄原油管道(漠河—大庆段)穿越约500 km多年冻土区,沿途地形起伏,水系和沼泽发育,冻土工程地质条件复杂,影响因素多样。提出以管道地基土的最大融沉变形量为评价准则,以多年冻土的年平均地温和含冰量为评价指标,对多年冻土进行工程分类,并依据分类结果进行评价。依据计算结果以-1.0℃和-2.0℃对中俄原油管道沿线多年冻土进行冻土工程分类。具体分为:稳定型、过渡型、高温不稳定型(-1.0~-2.0℃)以及极高温极不稳定型(≥-1.0℃)。分别对应良好、较好、不良以及极差评价结果,并以此为基准选择传统埋设、埋设、埋设+换填、埋设+换填+隔热或架设等管基设计原则。对管道沿线约430 km多年冻土区进行了详细和逐段的评价。评价结果表明评价指标简单、实用,评价结果合理、恰当,可推荐在其它多年冻土区类似管道工程中使用。 相似文献
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冻土区石油污染物迁移及清除研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
多年冻土区输油管道面临着差异性融沉和冻胀的关键性难题. 受力不均匀对管道造成机械性破坏, 管道破裂、泄漏现象不断发生. 泄漏油污在冻土中的存在及其扩散对当地的生态环境产生长期不利的影响, 而且对土壤自身的物理、化学和生物特性造成影响. 土壤中石油烃的迁移和分布受土壤和地形、 温度、含水(冰)量、降水以及冻结融化过程等多种环境因素影响. 近年来, 各种物理、化学和生物方法被用来清除冻土区石油烃污染. 正在勘察和设计中的中俄原油管道穿越连续、不连续、岛状和零星分布多年冻土, 及季节冻土区. 为了有效保护兴安岭地区的寒区生态环境, 中俄原油管道有必要预先做好应对管道泄露的前瞻性研究. 相似文献
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格尔木-拉萨成品油管道沿线冻土工程和环境问题及其防治对策 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
格尔木拉萨成品油管线穿越青藏高原腹地多年冻土区,沿线气候严寒、冻土工程地质条件复杂.几十年来,气候变暖和人类活动已经对管道沿线的冻土环境产生了显著影响.总结了自运营以来格拉管道出现的冻土工程问题及管道沿线的生态环境问题,并就各种问题给出了相关措施和建议.同时,提出了该区管道建设和寒区环境研究的方向应包括加强管道内外检测、对管道进行风险评价、提高管道自动化管理水平、建立冻土长期监测体系以及保护沿线的生态环境等. 相似文献
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青藏铁路多年冻土区工程复杂性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
青藏铁路穿越550km多年冻土区,多年冻土地温、冻土类型以及沿线生态环境等存在较大的差异,使多年冻土区工程较为复杂。因此本文提出了冻土工程复杂性概念,建立冻土工程复杂性评价模型,并利用GIS平台对青藏铁路沿线唐古拉山越岭地段工程复杂性进行了分析和研究。研究结果表明,青藏铁路穿越的唐古拉山越岭地段工程复杂性相对较小,而青藏公路的工程复杂性相对较大。这表明了青藏公路沿线冻土工程比青藏铁路沿线更为复杂,在各种因素的影响下,青藏公路路基稳定性变化比青藏铁路更加复杂。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献